Conditionals an Relative Clauses

Conditionals an Relative Clauses

1. Conditional Sentences

   • Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Complete conditional sentences contain a conditional clause (often referred to as the if-clause) and the consequence.
     • Zero conditional sentences express general truths—situations in which one thing always causes another. When you use a zero conditional, you’re talking about a general truth rather than a specific instance of something.
       • If you don’t brush your teeth, you get cavities.
     • First conditional sentences are used to express situations in which the outcome is likely (but not guaranteed) to happen in the future.
       • If you rest, you will feel better.
     • Second conditional sentences are useful for expressing outcomes that are completely unrealistic or will not likely happen in the future.
       • If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.
     • Third conditional sentences are used to explain that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past.
       • If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.

2. Relative Clauses

   • Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. Defining relative clauses give us essential information that tells us who or what we are talking about.
     • who/that: We can use who or that to talk about people. that is more common and a bit more informal.
       • She's the woman who cuts my hair. / He's the man that I met at the conference.
     • which/that We can use which or that to talk about things. that is more common and a bit more informal.
       • There was a one-year guarantee which came with the TV. / The laptop that I bought last week has started making a strange noise!