The Renaissance & The Reformation

The Renaissance & The Reformation

1. Renaissance

   • Italy
     • Venice
       • Governmental growth
         • The Pregardi ran both legal and political functions
           • An oligharic system
         • Pensions for retired servants
           • Provisions for widows and orphans
       • Rich from trade
         • Richest city state from all
           • Trade with the Ottoman Empire
             • Florentine textiles
               • Ottoman alum
                 • Alum was discovered in Italy
                   • All the rights were given to the Medici's
       • city of secrecy
         • Council of Ten
           • Council of the pregardi
             • Savanarola
               • Succeded the Medici's
                 • Charismatic persona and vivid sermons
                 • When Piero de Medici was deposed a theocracy was set up
               • Rallied against Catholic church
                 • His aims
                   • Crazy Walrus' Pee Rather Weirdly
                     • Criticism of the Church as it needed to be purified
                       • Weaken the Power of the Pope
                         • Bring back the chirches care for the Poor and the Powerless
                           • Reinstitution of Church law
                             • Wanted the church to become less political
                 • And against the the luxuries of the Catholic churches
                   • In 1497 an immense pile of artwork, litersture , fashionable clothing (etc) was burned in the "Bonfire of the Vanities
                 • Denounced Pope Alexamnder VI
                   • Pope Alexander becomes more vocal, and bad econic times meant that support was waning
                     • The Francisian Order
                       • In May 1498 he and two other priests were burned to death
               • Claimed to be a prophet
               • Inspires Martin Luther
       • jewell casket of the world
     • Florence
       • Public funds
       • Art
         • Nude paintings/ sculptures
           • Donatello's david with detailed anatomy. Differed from previous paintings in which paintings were clothed from head to toe. This also leads to the idea of humanism because avid himself is being praised
         • Brunelleschi builds the dome in 1415.
       • Maker of cloth
       • First to record their own thoughts
       • equal opourtunists as part of the rebirth
       • city of incessant movement
     • Leonardo Da Vinci
       • Was an illegiteate child , but still managed to be one of the greats shows equal opourtunity for those with talents
       • Made predecessor to the gunpowder machine. A robot. Tried to make a plane. Realised it was not the feathers but the wings. Leonardos horse. The Last Supper
   • Translates as rebirth
     • Of the classical world
       • This was due to the Islamic scholars
   • 1300-1700
   • New learning: Mathematics Architecture Art Literartire History Philosophy
   • The rise of cultural/social ideas: Individualism Talent Over Birth Civic Pride Mass Education
   • Art and Architecture
     • The roman ruins became the standard of imitations
       • Inspiration was taken from the ancient romans and the greeks
     • More lifelike. Paintings were created using oil paintings and artists and architects would use measurements
       • Paintings were typically found on walls
         • Inventive in technique and style
     • Part of beautification project
       • Was religious and worldly
     • Sculptures
       • Ancient and Modern non-religious figure (humanists)
       • Christ, the trinity , the pope and the saints
     • Idea of the vanishing point
   • Literature
     • Latin is the supreme language amongst the eductaed
       • Getting back to the Classic world and the elite of the Roman empire
         • Master writer was Cicero
     • Prose
       • Non fiction Philosophy Art/Architecture Political Science Scientific Works
         • Humanists wrote about the new investigations regarding human nature realms
   • Science
     • Ancient science was observation based.
       • In the Renaissance scientists began hypothesising and it was becoming mathematical in its approach
         • This was the rise of mathematics as the
     • Embodied new and classical learning
     • Spirit of inquiry

2. Reformation

   • Martin Luther
     • Visited Rome in 1510 was horrified at the worldliness
       • Selling indulgences
       • Promised remission for sins
         • Made faith classist
           • Religious posts were sold to whoever could pay the most for them so many priests didn't know about God
           • Greed of clergy split them apart from the peasants
       • Many people did not understand the sermons because they were in Latin. Many ordinary people didn't know much about Christianity
         • Translated Bible into German
           • Common men began to question "God's will" as they could finally understand it
       • In 1515 the Pope started a new indulgence campaign for the rebuilding of St Peters Basillica
         • In October 1517 , he nailed the 95 Theses
           • Led to his excommunication
             • Conseuquences
               • in the name of equality and in the name of God
                 • A lot of countries followed suit
                   • Became an economic , social and political battle
                     • Anti- Reformation (1534)
                       • Attack heresy of Prostententism
                         • Set up church of the Holy Inquisition
                           • Finding out who was Protestant bring them back to the church
                             • Re-commit
                               • By Pressure
                                 • By Force
                                   • Persuasion
                           • Each country in Europe (bar England) had inquisition set up
                       • Jesuits
                         • Conversion of heathens
                         • The church re-examined and it stepped its game and were more involved of the lives of their flock in contrast to being complacent woth their needs
                           • Revised tithing system
                             • Pope orders clergy to be less concerned with wordly goods
                               • From thereon in the church became always on guard against being too wordly
                     • Challenging of authoity
                       • Loss of Power
                       • Rise of reason over tradition
                         • spread of ideas
                           • The rise of public education
                             • Rise in literacy
                               • Spreading of ideas
                         • The redefinition of human beings relation to the divine vs clergy and intermediary
               • Religious wars