STRUCTURES

STRUCTURES

1. 1.5. TYPES OF STRUCTURES

   • Different structures are created by the way in which structural elements are combined. Each one is able to withstand particular external forces, but they are also subjected to a number of internal forces.
   • MASSIVE STRUCTURES
     • Massive structures consist of large blocks of rock or concrete-materials that are densely concentrated. They are used in large buildings that need to withstand high and constant loads.
       • FRAME STRUCTURES
         • Frame structures consist of vertical and horizontal elements which combine to form a frame. These can be made from a wide range of materials, including steel, reinforced concrete, wood and aluminium.
           • TRIANGULATED STRUCTURES
             • Triangulated structures consist of criss-crossing bars arranged in a traiangular shape. These structures are light, rigid and very resistant. Pylons, cranes and ferris wheels all share this type of construction.
               • SUSPENDED STRUCTURES
                 • Suspended structures consist of cables, braces or tensioners. Thecables or tensioners are subjected to very strong traction forces.
                   • LAMINATED STRUCTURES
                     • Consist of flat surfaces covered in sheeting or laminate that cover the other elements.
                       • PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES
                         • Consist of a membrane of composite materials. This material can withstands traction forcesgenerated by compressed air inside it.
                           • VAULTED STRUCTURES
                             • The main elements of this type of structure are the arch, the vault and dome. This has made it possible to build taller buildings and structures with void spaces.
                               • GEODESIC STRUCTURES
                                 • Geodesic structures are combination of triangulated and vaulted structures. They use polygons. Geodesic structures are light and strong, and cover large spaces.

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