Chemical Reactions and Solutions

Chemical Reactions and Solutions

1. Solutions

   • Homogeneous Mixture
     • Solvent
       • What dissolves the solute
     • Solute
       • What is dissolved
   • Concentration
     • measure of the amount of solute as related to the solution as a whole
     • Molarity
       • Concentration measured as moles of solute
       • Molarity= (moles of solute)/(liters of solution)
         • Atomic number is used when converting grams to moles
         • Convert mL to Liters
     • Saturated
       • Solution at capacity
   • Solubility
     • Things That Affect Dissolving
       • Temperature
         • Affects speed of dissolution
         • Solids have higher solubility at higher temperatures
         • Gases have lower solubility at higher tempertures
       • Surface Area
         • Affects speed of dissolution
         • Amount of solute exposed to solvent
       • Pressure
         • Higher pressure increases solubility of gases
       • Stirring
         • Affects the speed of dissolution
         • Allows liquid particles to reach maximum capacity
         • Moves saturated liquid
     • Soluable
       • 36g/100g
     • Insoluable
       • .00019g/100g

2. Chemical Reactions

   • Types of Chemical Reactions
     • Single Replacement
       • A + BX -> B + AX
       • Element and Compound become different Element and Compound
     • Double Replacement
       • AX + BY -> AY + BX
       • Two compounds become two different compounds
     • Synthesis
       • A + B -> AB
       • Multiple reactants form one product
     • Decomposistion
       • Breaks down single reactant into multiple products
       • AB -> A + B
     • Combustion
       • Burning Reaction
       • Involves Oxygen
       • CxHyOz + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
   • Reaction that changes a substances identity
   • Chemical Equations
     • Reactants
       • Elements and Compounds before reaction
     • Products
       • Elements and Compounds after reaction
     • Balancing Equations
       • Coefficients
         • Numbers used to indicate the units of a reactant or product needed to balance an equation
         • 2H2O
       • Avoids defying Law of Conservation of Mss
     • Symbollically represents a chemical reaction
   • Naming Chemicals
     • Ionic Compounds
       • Cation
         • If charge can be different values, then the cation's name is the metal's name followed by a roman numeral to show change
           • yttrium (lll)
         • If the charge is always a certain value, then the cation is the same as the metal
           • silver
       • Anion
         • Change the ending of the elements name to -ide
           • Oxide
       • Polyatomic Ions
         • Ions made up of multiple ions
     • Molecular Compounds
       • No charge
       • Nonmetals
       • Prefixes indicate number of atoms
         • Di = 2
         • Second element always has a prefix
         • First element gets prefix if amount is greater than one