ECHR

ECHR

1. Rights

   • General/social
     • Art 2- Life
     • Art 3- torture
     • Art 4- Slavery
     • Art 5- Liberty/Security
     • Art 8- privacy/family life
     • Art 9- thought/conscience/religion
     • Art 10- expression
     • Art 11- association/assembly
     • Art 12- marriage
   • Legal Rights
     • Art 6- Fair Trial
     • Art 7- legal certainty
   • Ancillary Rights
     • Remedy (art 13)
     • Non-discrimination (art 14)
     • State derogations (art 15)
       • War/Emergency
       • excluding some fundamental rights
       • A v SoSHome Sec [2004] UKHL 56
     • Restrictions re political activities of aliens (art 16)
     • Prohibition of rights abuses (art 17)

2. Additional Protocols

   • Possessions
   • Education
   • Free elections
   • Debt
   • Movement
   • Non-expulsion
     • From own state
     • of foreigners
   • Appeal
   • compensation for wrongful conviction
   • No double jeapordy
   • equality of spouses
   • No capital punishment

3. Types of rights/duties

   • Duties
     • Positive
     • Negative
   • Rights
     • absolute
     • Limited
     • qualified

4. State Duties

   • Secure rights (art 1)
   • Effective domestic remedy (art 3)
   • Access to court (art 34)
   • Comply with judgement (art 46)

5. Enforcement

   • Inter-State complaint
   • Individual Petition
     • Applicant must be victim
     • Stages
       • 1- Apply to court
       • 2- state enforces judgement
     • Admissibility
       • jurisdiction
       • violation
       • Domestic remedies exhausted
       • 6 months
       • applicant not anon
       • different to case law
       • Not ill--founded
       • compatible with convention
       • Not abuse of right to appeal

6. Interpretation

   • Legality
     • any rules- general and accepted by domestic authorities
     • accessible
       • Sunday Times v UK (1979)
     • Foreseeable
       • Malone v UK (1984)
       • Sahin v Turkey (2007)
   • Proportionality
     • Soering v UK (1989)
     • Disproportionate
       • impairs essence of right
       • absolute rules
         • Hirst v UK (no 2) (2005)
       • Alternatives
         • Campbell v UK (1992)
       • Insufficient safeguards
         • Steel and Morris v UK (1995)
       • Flawed/inadequate procedural protections
       • Inappropriate reasons
         • Vogt v Germany (1996)
   • Margin of Appreciation
     • Handyside v UK (1976)
     • Little margin
       • convention standard is objective
       • European consensus
         • Goodwin v UK (2002)
       • Important Principles
         • X and Y v Netherlands (1985)
     • Wide Margin
       • controversy
         • Muller v Switzerland (1991)
       • Social policy/environment
         • James v UK (1986)
         • Hatton v UK (2003)
       • State Knowledge
         • Klass v Germany (1979-80)
   • Objectives of ECHR
   • practical/effective
   • dynamic
   • other documents
   • some autonomous principles

7. Restricting qualified rights

   • Arts 8-11
   • Is there interference with right
     • If Yes
       • accordance with law?
       • Legitimate aim?
       • Necessary in democracy?
         • Pressing social need
           • Steel and Morris v UK (2005)
         • Proportionate
         • Relevant &sufficient reasons
           • Smith and Grady v UK (1999)
           • Hirst v UK (no 2) (2005)