RESEARCH INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

1. Essentially the researcher must ensure that the instrument chosen is valid and reliable. The validity and reliability of any res earch project depends to a large extent on the appropriateness of the instruments.

2. Whatever procedure one uses to collect data, it must be critically examined to check the extent to which it is likely to give you the expected results.

3. QUESTIONNAIRE

   • This is a systematically prepared form or document with a set of questions deliberately designed to elicit responses from respondents or research informants for the purpose of collecting data or information.
     • Structured
     • Unstructured

4. INTERVIEWS

   • It is an interaction in which oral questions are posed by the interviewer to elicit oral response from the interviewee.
     • Structured
     • Unstructured
     • Non directive
       • Focus

5. TRANSCRIBING

   • Data recorded from verbal interaction with respondents have to be transcribed i.e. convert the speech sound into words as accurately as possible.

6. OBSERVATION

   • Is one of the very important methods for obtaining comprehensive data in qualitative research especially when a composite of both oral and visual data become vital to the research.
     • The study of photographs, videotapes, tape recordings, art objects, computer software and films fall within this type of data collection procedure

7. READING

   • Instrument for studying public documents such as newspapers, minutes of meetings and private documents such as letters, biographies and diaries to enable the researcher obtain the language and words of informants who may not be alive at the time of the research.

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