Motor Learning

Motor Learning

1. Stages of Motor Learning

   • Cognitive
     • Lots of VCs
     • Lots of focus
     • Frequent errors
   • Associative
     • Fewer cues needed
     • More self correction & refinement
     • Slight variations possible
   • Autonomous
     • No cueing needed
     • Multitasking possible
     • Able to respond to changes

2. Pre-practice Considerations

   • Understanding
   • Attention
   • Demonstration
   • Verbal instruction

3. Practice

   • Amount
   • Type
     • Physical vs. Mental
     • Part vs. Whole
       • For part practice, difficult components practiced separately
         • Possible with serial tasks
       • For whole practice, the entire task is practiced
         • Best for discrete or continuous tasks
     • Blocked, Random, Random/Blocked
       • Blocked - the same task, the same way, over and over
       • Random - slight variations of the same task in an unpredictable order
       • Random/Blocked - Variations of a task, in a random order, but more than once for each variation
   • Variability

4. Feedback

   • Source
     • Intrinsic
     • Extrinsic/Augmented
   • Focus
     • KoP - Knowledge of Performance
       • Intrinsic or extrinsic re: performance
         • Open Loop
     • KoR - Knowledge of Results
       • Extrinsic re: outcomes
         • Closed Loop
   • Timing or Frequency
     • Concurrent - extrinsic, during
     • Immediate, Post-Response - extrinsic, after
     • Delayed, Post-response - extrinsic, following a brief period
     • Summary, Post-Response - extrinsic, re: average perfomance
     • Variable - irregular, random, during
     • Constant - regular, recurring, continuous, during