Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware

1. Special Input and Output Devices

   • Sip and Puff
     • Allows you to left or Right click.
   • Braille Keyboard
     • Allows blind people to type on a keyboard by telling what character a key is by the language Braille.
   • Eye tracker
     • Allows a person to move the mouse with their eye movements.
   • Text-To-Speech
     • Allows blind people to know what is written on the screen by hearing the voice read it out.
   • Braille Printers
     • Allows blind people to read text on a piece of paper that is printer off in the language Braille.
   • Screen Magnifiers
     • Allows people with bad eyesight to see the text on screen.

2. Input and Output Devices

   • Input Devices: Piece of hardware that is used to enter data into a computer.
     • Mouse
     • Keyboard
     • Scanner
   • Output device: Piece of hardware that is used to display or output data which has been processed or stored on the computer.
     • Monitor
     • Speaker
     • Printer

3. Secondary Storage

   • Magnetic
     • Floppy Disks
     • Hard Disk Drives
     • Magnetised iron nails= 1 Unmagnetised iron nails= 0
   • Optical
     • CD/DVD
   • Solid-State
     • USB
     • No moving parts
     • More Reliable
   • Portable and can be used on multiple PC's

4. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

   • No. Cores
     • CPUs can contain one or more processing units - each unit called a core.
     • CPUs with multiple cores have the power to run multiple programs at the same time.
   • Clock Speed
     • Clock speed indicates how fast the CPU can run.
     • The CPU clock speed is measured in cycles per second.
     • The speed of the clock determines basic performance of the CPU - the faster it goes, the more powerful the computer is.
   • Cache
     • The larger the cache size, the better the performance as it is able to store more data locally.
     • Used to temporarily hold instructions/commands
     • Small amount of memory which is part of a CPU.

5. Memory

   • ROM: Read only memory
     • Non-volatile memory.
     • Stores the instructions which the computer uses when it 'boots up' the BIOS.
     • ROM retains data even without power.
   • RAM: Random access memory.
     • Volatile Memory.
     • Anything stored within this will be lost as soon as the power is cut.

6. Binary Logic

   • Data is represented in computers as binary because it is a simple code called machine code that only they can understand

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