Elements of Planning

Elements of Planning

1. 2. Objectives

   • They are most clearly captured in terms of stating what students will do.
   • In stating objectives, distinguish between terminal and enabling objectives.
     • Terminal objectives are final learning outcomes that teachers will need to measure and evaluate.
     • Enabling objectives are interim steps that build upon each other and lead to a terminal objective.

2. 1. Goal (s)

   • Teachers should be able to identify an overall purpose or goal that they will attempt to accomplish by the end of the class period.
   • This goal may be generalized, but it serves as a unifying theme for teachers.

3. 3. Materials and Equipment

   • It may seem a trivial matter to list material needed, but good planning includes knowing what teachers need to take with them or to arrange to have in their classroom .
   • It is easy, in the often harried life of a teacher, to forget to bring to class a tape recorder, a poster, some handouts on desk at home, etc.

4. 4. Procedures

   • As a very general set of guidelines for planning, teachers might think in terms of makig sure their plan includes:
     • a. An opening statement or activity as a warm- up
     • b. A set of activities and techniques in which students have considered appropriate proportions of time for: i) whole- class work ii) small-group and pair work iii) teacher talks iv)student talks
     • c. Closure

5. 5. Evaluation

   • Evaluation can take place in the course of "regualar" classroom activity. Some forms of evaluation may have to wait a day or two until certain abilities have had a chance to build.
   • Teachers must understand that every lesson does not need to end with a little quiz, nor does evaluation need to be a separate elemt of their lesson.

6. 6. Extra- Class Work

   • Sometimes misnamed "homework" (students don't necessarily do extra- class ork only at home)
   • Extra- class work needs to be planned carefully and communicated clearly to the students.
   • Teachers can almost always find applications or extensions of classroom activity that will help students do some learning beyond the class hour.

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