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importance of intelligence

1. differences between intelligence, achievement and aptitude

   • Achievement: knowledge and skills gained from experience
   • Aptitude: measures the capability to acquire knowledge, expertise or skill in a domain or set of domains n  designed to predict future success based on current performance
   • intelligence: ability to adapt to the environment in all cognitive aspects of his or her life. In practical terms, intelligence tests usually measure a combination of aptitude and achievement in broad range of mental capabilities

2. quality of intelligence and other psychological tests

   • Standardization: conditions for taking the test should be the same for all test-takers
   • Reliability: Must consistently measure what they are designed to measure (= replicability)
   • Validity: Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?

3. Factor Analytic approaches to measuring intelligence

   • A hypothetical construct is a phenomenon, a theoretical model of a concept that cannot be observed directly
     • A statistical method for finding a number of distinct dimensions based on performance across a range of different measures
   • To make decisions about people Educational placement,  Job selection, Diagnosis of neuropsychological deficits n  Planning of treatment and rehabilitation, Sentencing of offenders.

4. IQ

   • some timed, some untimed
   • g is best measured by IQ tests
   • WAIS subtests
     • defining words (Vocabulary subtest)
     • repeating lists of numbers in backward order (Digits Backward)
     • arranging colored blocks in the pattern shown in a diagram (Block Design)
     • stating one similarity between tables and chairs (Similarities)
     • giving the next two numbers in series such as 2, 4, 8, 16, __, __ (Number Series)