Network Hardware

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Router:

Forms a LAN by connecting devices within a building. Routers often incorporate a modem into the hardware..

Modem:

Enables a computer to connect to the internet over a telephone line. A modem converts digital signals from a computer to analogue signals that are then sent down the telephone line. It is then converted back at the other end by another modem.

Hub:

Broadcasts data to all devices on a network, this uses a lot of bandwidth as data is sent to computers that do not need it.

Bridge:

Connects two separate LAN networks. Looks for device before sending data, so will not send data to a receiving computer that is not present. Hence, it uses less bandwidth.

Switch:

A switch is similar to a hub, however, it stores the MAC addresses of devices it has seen. It filters data packets and only sends them to the devices which asked for them.

NIC:

Is a small circuit board that connects to the motherboard (usually through PCI) or can be integrated into the motherboard, it allows a computer to communicate on a network.

(Computer/Servers, etc.):

Because there would be no point in having a network without them...