Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease "COPD" - created from Mind Map

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Causes

Smoking, Secondhand smoke, organic/inorganic dust, polution

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (genetic)

Pathophysiology

increase of airway inflammation due to increase in WBCs and remodeling

airways are then worsened by proteases/antiproteases (protein digestion enzymes) and oxidants/antioxidants

decrease in ciliary function

Air comes in but cant get out causing hyperinflation

capillary perfusion of O2 is decreased resulting in hypoxemia eventually causing hypercapnea (increase of carbon dioxide in the blood)

increase in air in the lungs at the end of tidal exhalation increasing residual volume (RV) & functional residual capacity (FRC)

pt. becomes barrel-chested and kyphotic

decreased diaphragmic movement (excursion)

diaphragm becomes flatter, less domed

Accessory muscles of ventilation are recruited

results in an inward motion of the lower ribs during contraction

muscle hypertrophy, pursed-lip breathing, cyanosis, and clubbing

increase in hypoxemia results in right ventricular hypertrophy (cor pulmonale)

heart elongation, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and depression

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease "COPD"