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Rock cycle forms

Igneous rocks can become a metamorphic rock with heat and pressure.

Sedimentary rocks can turn into a metamorphic rock through heat and pressure.

Metamorphic rock can turn into a igneous rock through melting into magma and then through crystallisation.

Igneous rocks form through crystallisation of magma.

Biological weathering refers to living things

Describe the core of the earth.

Call is the centre of the earth, it consists the inner core, Outer core, Mantle, and crust.

Define the term lithosphere.

It is the solid out of shell of a planet

Why does pumice float on water?

Because it has many tiny holes that are formed by volcanic gases escaping from cooling lava.

Explain a metamorphic rocks are formed.

When rocks are close to some molten magma, and so get heated up.

Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed.

Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediments are pressed together over long period of time.

Explain how igneous rocks are formed.

They are formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth surface.

Identify the two types of weathering.

Chemical and physical weathering.

Describe the process of onion skin weathering.

As the sun shines on the rock during the day causes them to expand.

Explain how stalagmites and stalactites are formed.

The water dripping from the end of a stalactite falls to the floor of a cave and deposits more cactite into a mound. Soon enough a stalagmite will form in a cone like shape.

Identify the three types of erosion.

Wind, water and gravity erosion.

Types of metamorphic rocks = granite, genesis, phyllite, schist, and slate

Types of igneous rocks = Andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite and scoria

Types of sedimentary rocks = conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, breccia and shale

Identify the structure of the earth

Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core.

What is physical weathering?

The breakdown of rocks by non-living things.

What is chemical weathering?

Chemicals in the environment.

How does wind erosion occur?

When the wind blows grains of sand and dust.

How does water erosion occur?

When the pressure of water washes away stones, sand and mud.

Define the term sentiments.

Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid.

How intrusive rocks form?

Intrusive igneous rocks form slowly beneath the surface of the Earth when magma becomes trapped in small pockets

How extrusive rocks form?

Lava cools much more quickly on the Earth’s surface to form extrusive igneous

How sedimentary rocks are formed?

Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediments (loose particles) are pressed together over a long period of time.

How metamorphic rocks are formed?

Metamorphic rocks are formed when other types of rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure inside the Earth.

What is the process of erosion?

Once rocks have weathered and been broken down into smaller pieces, they are moved and carried away by wind or water.

What is the process of deposition?

Rivers carry sand, gravel and smaller particles. As rivers slow, these particles are deposited in a process

What are the properties of rocks?

Lustre

Hardness

Transparency

Density

Composition

Size

Cleavage

Streak

What is streak?

Streak is the colour of the powdered or crushed mineral.

What is hardness?

Hardness is how easily a mineral can be scratched.

Hardness of some common objects are:

2.5 - fingernail

3.5 - copper metal

6.5 - iron nail

6.5 - glass in a microscope slide

Hardness of minerals from 1 - 10

What is cleavage?

Cleavage is the number of smooth planes that minerals break along.

What is an ore?

An ore is a mineral with a large amount of a useful metal in it.

Ore and minerals from ore to metal:

What are fossils?

Fossils are the remains (or imprints) of animals or plants preserved in rock.

How are fossils formed?

These rocks are formed by the deposition of layers of sediments, such as mud, silt or sand.

What is comparative dating?

Working out the age of rocks as being younger or older than existing rocks is called comparative dating.

What are index fossils?

Different rocks that are the same age have the same type of fossils in them. These fossils are called index fossils

What is radioactive dating?

The age of rocks can be calculated by comparing the amounts of uranium and lead they contain. This is called radioactive dating.

Define independent variable?

It is the variable that is changed