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Chapter 8: Drug Administration Throughout the Life Spam

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1Drug therapy in pregnant women is discontinued unless a serious condition is present.
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
2Select the drugs that are less likely to cross the placenta in pregnant women..
1. AWater soluble
2. BIonized
3. CBound to plasma proteins
4. DLipid soluble
5. ENon-ionized.
6. FNot bound to plasma proteins
3Which of the following is NOT a bodily change in pregnant women that can affect the success of drug therapy?
1. AIncreased progesterone levels.
2. BIncreased blood volume.
3. CIncreased blood flow to the kidneys
4. DAlterations in lipid levels.
5. EDecreased blood blow to the skin.
4Fat soluble drugs are distributed into breast milk, so it may be passed to the lactating infant,
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
5Some drugs, such as thalidomide, are absolute teratogens.
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
6The following are stages of pregnancy, as they relate to pharmacology. Note that these are out of order.

[blank_start]Preimplantation phase[blank_end]: This occurs during weeks [blank_start]1-2[blank_end] of the [blank_start]first trimester[blank_end]. The embryo has not yet established a physical connection to the mother. This is also called the [blank_start]all or none[blank_end] period because exposure to a teratogen either causes death or has no effect. Drugs are much [blank_start]less likely[blank_end] to cause malformations because the baby's organ systems have not yet begun to form, but certain drugs (such as [blank_start]nicotine[blank_end]) can cause growth delays.

[blank_start]Fetal period[blank_end]: Occurs in weeks [blank_start]9-40[blank_end] post-conception. During this time, the fetus' organs systems are growing and developing. Blood flow to the placenta [blank_start]increases[blank_end] and placental vascular membranes become [blank_start]thinner[blank_end]. This maximizes the transfer of substances from mother to child. The fetus may receive [blank_start]larger[blank_end] doses of medications and other substances from the mother, which has a prolonged duration of action in the unborn child due to a lack of mature metabolic enzymes and efficient excretion mechanisms.. Exposure to teratogens is [blank_start]more likely[blank_end] to produce slowed growth or impaired organ function rather than gross structural malformations.

[blank_start]Embryonic period[blank_end]: This occurs in weeks [blank_start]3-8[blank_end] postconception. There is rapid development of internal structures. This is the period of [blank_start]maximum sensitivity[blank_end] to teratogens. Teratogenic agents can lead to structural abnormalities and spontaneous abortion. The abnormality depends on which organ is forming.
1. APreimplantation phase
2. B1-2
3. Cfirst trimester
4. Dsecond trimester
5. Ethird trimester
6. Fall or none
7. Gsomething or nothing
8. Hless likely
9. Inicotine
10. Jatorvastatin
11. Kmetoprolol
12. LFetal period
13. M9-40
14. Nincreases
15. Odecreases
16. Pthinner
17. Qthicker
18. Rlarger
19. Ssmaller
20. Tmore likely
21. U3-8
22. Vmaximum sensitivity
23. Wminimal sensitivity
24. XEmbryonic period
7The following is the current FDA pregnancy category ratings with examples. I made them out of order to make sure that we know the answers.

[blank_start]A[blank_end]- Adequate, well -controlled studies in pregnant women have shown no increased risk of fetal abnormalities in any trimester of pregnancy.

[blank_start]C[blank_end]- Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in women. OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate and well controlled studies on women (basically, we don't know what this will do to your baby.)

[blank_start]X[blank_end]- Adequate, well controlled observational studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks.

[blank_start]D[blank_end]- Adequate, well controlled or observational studies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus.

[blank_start]B[blank_end]- Animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, but there aren't any adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. OR animal studies have shown an averse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to yield a similar response.
1. AA
2. BB
3. CC
4. DB
5. EX
6. FD
7. GD
8. HC
9. IB
10. JC
11. KC
12. LD
13. MX
14. NA
15. OD
16. PX
17. QA
18. RB
19. SC
20. TB
21. UA
22. VX
23. WA
24. XD
25. YX
8Select the drugs that are a FDA pregnancy risk category A.

(Here's a hint: 4 of these are correct)
1. APrenatal vitamins
2. BInsulin
3. CThyroxine
4. DFolic acid
5. EPenicillins
6. FSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
7. GACE inhibitors
8. HStatins
9Select the drugs that are an FDA pregnancy risk category B.

(Here's a hint: 5 of these are correct)
1. APenicillins
2. BCephalosporins
3. CAzithromycin
4. DAcetaminophen
5. EIbuprofin
6. FThyroxine
7. GClarithromycin
8. HGentamycin
9. ILithium carbonate
10. JWarfarin
10Select the drugs that are a FDA pregnancy risk category C.

(Hint: 6 of these are right).
1. AClarithromycin
2. BFluoroquinolones
3. CBactrim
4. DSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
5. ECorticosteroids
6. FAntihypertensives
7. GCarbamazepine
8. HCephalosporins
9. IValporic acid
10. JClomiphene

11There were too many things that were pregnancy category D and X, so rather than making a "select all that apply" question, I made a "drag and drop" one. Match the drugs to their pregnancy category. To make things easier to place, I put the drugs in alphabetical order.

D: [blank_start]Alcohol[blank_end], [blank_start]ACE inhibitors[blank_end], [blank_start]angiotensin receptor blockers[blank_end], [blank_start]carbamazepine[blank_end], [blank_start]cyclophosphamide[blank_end], [blank_start]gentamicin[blank_end], [blank_start]lithium carbonate[blank_end], [blank_start]methimazole[blank_end], [blank_start]mitomycin[blank_end], [blank_start]nicotine[blank_end], [blank_start]NSAIDs[blank_end], [blank_start]phenytoin[blank_end], [blank_start]propylthiouracil[blank_end], [blank_start]streptomycin[blank_end], [blank_start]tetracyclines[blank_end], [blank_start]valproic acid[blank_end].

X: [blank_start]Clomiphene[blank_end], [blank_start]flurouracil[blank_end], [blank_start]isotretinoin[blank_end], [blank_start]leuprolide[blank_end], [blank_start]menotropins[blank_end], [blank_start]methotrexate[blank_end], [blank_start]misoprostol[blank_end], [blank_start]nafarelin[blank_end], [blank_start]oral contraceptives[blank_end], [blank_start]raloxifene[blank_end], [blank_start]ribavirin[blank_end], [blank_start]statins[blank_end], [blank_start]temazepam[blank_end], [blank_start]testosterone[blank_end], [blank_start]thalidomide[blank_end], and [blank_start]warfarin[blank_end],
1. Aalcohol
2. BACE inhibitors
3. Cangiotensin receptor blockers
4. Dcarbamazepine
5. Ecyclophosphamide
6. Fgentamicin
7. Glithium carbonate
8. Hmethimazole
9. Imitomycin
10. Jnicotine
11. KNSAIDs
12. Lphenytoin
13. Mpropylthiouracil
14. Nstreptomycin
15. Otetracyclines
16. Pvalproic acid
17. Qclomiphene
18. Rflurouracil
19. Sisotretinoin
20. Tleuprolide
21. Umenotropins
22. Vmethotrexate
23. Wmisoprostol
24. Xnafarelin
25. Yoral contraceptives
26. Zraloxifene
27. AAribavirin
28. ABstatins
29. ACtemazepam
30. ADtestosterone
31. AEthalidomide
32. AFwarfarin
12A lot of the drugs secreted into breast milk cause injury to infants.
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
13Which of the following is FALSE about drug administration in breast feeding women?
1. AThe guidelines that applied during pregnancy also apply during breast feeding.
2. BThe amount of drug that actually reaches the infant's tissues must be considered.
3. CThe infant's ability to metabolize a small amount of drugs matters.
4. DDrugs that have a high water solubility are better drugs for breast feeding women
14Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when giving medications to pediatric patients?
1. APhysiological variations
2. BMaturity of body systems
3. CGreater fluid distribution
4. DPresence of metabolic enzymes
15If a child is given a medication and vomits immediately after, you should NEVER reorder the medication,
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
16Select the appropriate interventions when administering medication to infants.
1. AOffer a pacifier if the infant is on fluid restrictions caused by vomiting or diarrhea.
2. BPlace oral medications under the tongue.
3. CHold the buttocks together for 10-15 minutes if giving a drug rectally
4. DIf giving a volume less than 1 mL via a parenteral route, a tuberculin syringe is an appropriate tool.
5. EThe vastus lateralis is the preferred IM injection site.
6. FFor IV medications, the feet and scalp veins should not be used.
17You are teaching a parenting class to a group of young, new mothers. You are instructing them about how to take care of their children when their children are sick Select the accurate educational statements about handing medication administration to toddlers that could be made by the nurse.
1. A"Carefully follow the instructions on the back of the medication bottle."
2. B"Young children are unable to get caps off medications."
3. C"Don't put drugs in empty food or drink containers."
4. D"To encourage your toddler to take their medications, tell them it's candy."
5. E"Make sure you keep the numbers for poison control on hand."
6. F"Never try to correct suspected poisonings at home."
18Which of the following should you tell parents to do when administering medications to their toddler?
1. ACarefully explain why you're giving them the drug.
2. BGive the child some time to process what you said before you administer the drug.
3. CPhysically comfort the child after medication administration.
4. DGive oral medications that taste bad in things like milk, orange juice, and cereal.
19IM and IV medication administration in a toddler is similar to IM and IV medication administration in an infant.
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
20Select the options that may be helpful and/or necessary when giving medications in toddlers?
1. AKeep the IV less secure
2. BInform the parents about the dangers of the toddler trying to pull away from the IV pump.
3. CPut longer tubing on the toddler's IV.
4. DKeep the parent within close proximity when giving an invasive medication (i.e.: rectal medications)
5. EInsist that the parent does not assist in invasive medication administration (i.e.: rectal medications)
6. FHave at least 1 helper in the room during invasive medication administration (i.e.: rectal medications)
21Select the similarities and differences between medication administration in preschool children and medication administration in toddlers.
1. AMedications need to be kept out of reach of toddlers, but it not necessary to do that in preschool children
2. BThe ventrogluteal site can be used in preschool children, but not in toddlers.
3. CThe scalp veins can be used for IV medications in toddlers, but they can't be used in preschool children.
4. DJust like toddlers, peripheral veins cannot be used in preschool children.
5. EIn both toddlers and preschool children, drugs may need to be crushed and mixed with food or drink
6. FLonger explanations can be used in preschool children, but brief explanations immediately followed by medication administration is necessary in toddlers.
22Play-acting troubling experiences with dolls may be beneficial in preschool children before and after medication procedures.
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
23Because they are able to comprehend the difference between health and illness and recognize that medications are administered to make them feel better, school age children have a large concept of illness and the risks involved with ingesting a harmful substance.
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
24School age children are unlikely to resist injections
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
25Which of the following is important when administering medications to a school age child?
1. AAllowing the child to play-act troubling experiencing will dolls.
2. BMixing bad-tasting oral medications with food or a flavored beverage.
3. CGiving a more detailed explanation about the procedure
4. DMaking the children feel like willing participants
26Select the appropriate interventions when approaching medication administration in adolescents.
1. AAddress safe and responsible sexual activity by discussing the use of condoms and contraceptives.
2. BDiscuss eating habits
3. CDiscuss use of over the counter appetite suppressants or laxatives.
4. DEducate about the dangers of illegal drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.
5. ERecognize that the teenager is not yet an adult and address them as such.
6. FRecognize that adolescents have federally protected confidentiality and privacy.
7. GCarefully explain important information regarding medications and expected side effects.
27Select the differences between pharmacotherapy of young adults (18-40 years old) versus pharmacotherapy of middle adults (40-65 years old).
1. AThe use of antidepressants and antianxiety agents are more prominent in young adults than in middle adults
2. BSubstance abuse is an equal concern in both age groups.
3. CSexually active young adults with multiple partners are more likely to need medications for STIs than their middle adult counterparts.
4. DMiddle adults often take medications to control health alterations that could be fixed with lifestyle modifications; young adults do not do that as often.
5. EThere is minimal need for prescription drugs in both age groups.
6. FAdult onset diabetes mellitus is more likely to emerge in young adulthood than in older adulthood.
28Select the information that is FALSE about the normal physiological changes that affect medication administration in older adults.
1. ADrug absorption is slowed due to diminished gastric motility and decreased blood flow to digestive organs.
2. BBecause of decreased absorption, oral tablets will take longer to become available to tissue.
3. CBecause of increased body fat, there is a larger storage compartment for lipid-soluble drugs and vitamins.
4. DPlasma levels are reduce and the therapeutic response to drugs is increased.
5. EA decline in body water makes dehydration more dramatic, and leads to an increased risk of drug toxicity and an increased concentration of water soluble drugs.
6. FThe liver produces less albumin and enzymes, and has less visceral blood flow, resulting in increased levels of free drug in the bloodstream and reduced hepatic drug metabolism.
7. GDrug distribution is slowed because of decreased cardiac output and less efficient blood circulation
8. HBecause of reduced hepatic function, first-pass metabolism is decreased, so plasma levels are elevated and tissue concentrations of drug are increased
9. IExcretion of drugs is decreased due to reduced renal function.
10. JSerum drug levels and potential for toxicity increase due to decreased renal function causing reduced excretion.

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Descripción: El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Test sobre Chapter 8: Drug Administration Throughout the Life Spam, creado por Usuario eliminado el 16/04/2018.
Autor: Usuario eliminado
Idioma: English
Visitas: 42
Historial: Creado el 16 abr 2018 · actualizado el 23 abr 2018
Etiquetas: nclex nclex readiness nclex pharmacology pharmacology nursing nursing pharmacology el usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas

Chapter 8: Drug Administration Throughout the Life Spam

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