Some Endocrine Glands

SOME ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Pineal Gland

• Synthesizes Melatonin
• responsible for biological clock

Thyroid Gland

• For metabolism
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Triiothyronine (T3)
• Calcitonin

Parathyroid Gland

• Behind thyroid gland
• Generally found as 4 glands
• Secretes parathyroid hormone
• Essential for calcium and phosphate regulation

Thymus

• Inferior to thyroid gland
• Undergoes atrophy during adulthood
• Secretes thymosine

Heart

• Secretes the hormone: Naturetic Peptide
• Decreases blood pressure

Digestive Tract

• Produces many hormones:
• Gastrin, Secretin Somatostatin, CKK, GIP, VIP, etc.

Pancreas

• Insulin to decrease blood pressure
• Glucagon to increase blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Type I: depleted insulin levels
• Type II: low insulin levels
• High glucose levels

Kidneys

• Erythropoietin for RBC production in bone marrow
• Calcitriol

Adrenal Glands

• Adrenal Cortex
• Outer part
• Cortisol for stress
• Aldosterone for sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in kidneys
• Adrenal Medulla
• Middle part
• Adrenaline (epinephrine)
• Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
• For fight-flight response

Adipose Tissue

• Secretes leptin
• Important for fat metobolism

Gonads

• Testis
• Androgens - testosterone
• Promotes male characteristics & sperm production
• Ovaries
• Estrogen & Progestrone
• Female characteristics & egg production