Anatomical Terminology

Organelles

• CENTRIOLES: STRUCTURES THAT FUNCTION IN CELL REPRODUCTION
• CILIA: HAIRLIKE EXTENSIONS ON THE SURFACE OF CELLS, WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF MOVEMENT
• ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: MEMBRANE NETWORK OF "ROADS" AND "CHANNELS" THAT WIND THROUGH CYTOPLASM
• FLAGELLA: A SPERM CELL'S "TAIL"
• GOLGI BODIES: SACS THAT MAKE AND TRANSPORT CARBOHYDRATE COMPOUNDS
• LYSOSOMES: THE CELL'S "DIGESTIVE SYSTEM"; SAC-LIKE ORGANELLES THAT TAKE SUBSTANCES FROM OUTSIDE THE CELL AND BREAK THEM DOWN FOR USE BY OTHER ORGANELLES
• MITOCHONDRIA: "POWER PLANTS" THAT BURN FOOD IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN TO MAKE CELL ENERGY, PRODUCES ATP
• NUCLEOLIS: ORGANELLE WITHIN THE NUCLEUS COMPRISED OF RNA
• RIBOSOMES: "PROTEIN FACTORIES" THAT MAKE PROTEINS

Other Cell Terms

• ACTIVE TRANSPORT PROCESS: PROCESS THAT REQUIRES ENERGY EXPENDITURE TO MOVE ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE
• ANABOLISM: THE BUILDING METABOLIC PHASE; GROWS, MAINTAINS, REPAIRS BODY STRUCTURES
• ANAPHASE: THIRD PHASE OF MITOSIS, CHROMOSOMES ARE PULLED APART
• ANATOMY: THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF LIVING ORGANISMS
• ATP: ADENAZINE TRIPHOSPHATE; CHEMICAL THAT PROVIDES CELL WITH ENERGY IT NEEDS TO CARRY OUT ITS FUNCTION(S)
• BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF LIFE AND LIFE PROCESSES
• CATABOLISM: THE BREAKING-DOWN METABOLIC PHASE; PRODUCING ENERGY FROM FOOD AND OXYGEN
• CELL: THE MOST BASIC STRUCTURE OF LIFE
• CELL MEMBRANE: BARRIER AROUND THE CELL
• CENTROMERE: STRUCTURE THAT CONNECTS TWO STRANDS OF DNA IN A CHROMOSOME TOGETHER (GIVES "X" APPEARANCE)
• CHROMOSOMES: SHORT, TIGHTLY-COILED RODS THAT CONTAIN GENES; CARRIED IN PAIRS OF SIMILAR STRANDS
• CYT/O-: PREFIX MEANING RELATED TO THE CELL
• CYTOPLASM: SEMILIQUID SUBSTANCE BETWEEN PLASMA MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS OF ALL CELLS
• DNA: DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, THE CHEMICAL GENES ARE MADE OF; CONTAINS BLUEPRINT FOR EVERY CELL & ENTIRE ANIMAL
• DIFFUSION: WHEN PERMEABLE SUBSTANCES OF THAT ARE OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS GO THROUGH MEMBRANE TO MAKE CONCENTRATIONS EQUAL

Other Cell Terms (cont.)

• DOUBLE HELIX: STRUCTURE OF DNA MOLECULES
• ELECTROLYTES: IONS CAPABLE OF CONDUCTING ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
• ENDOCYTOSIS: MOVEMENT INTO CELL
• EXOCYTOSIS: MOVEMENT OUT OF CELL
• EXRACELLULAR FLUID: WATER OUTSIDE OF CELLS
• FACILITATED DIFFUSION: DIFFUSION WHERE NON-FREELY PERMEABLE MOLECULES ARE BOUND TO A CARRIER MOLECULE FOR TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANE
• FILTRATION: PASSAGE OF FLUID UNDER PRESSURE THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE
• GENES: REGIONS OF DNA ORGANIZED INTO THE BODY'S "BLUEPRINT"
• GRADIENT: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO AREAS
• INTRACELLULAR FLUID: WATER WITHIN CELLS
• INTERPHASE: PORTION OF A CELL'S LIFE WHEN NO CELL DIVISION OCCURS
• INTERSTITIAL FLUID: EXTRACELLULAR FLUID LOCATED WITHIN TISSUES
• IONS: NEGATIVELY OR POSITIVELY CHARGED MOLECULES THAT ARE LOCATE IN ALL FLUID COMPARTMENTS
• KARY/O-: PREFIX MEANING RELATED TOT HE NUCLEUS
• KARYOPLASM: SUBSTANCE OF NUCLEUS
• KARYOTYPE: PICTURE OF CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS OF A CELL
• MEIOSIS: CELLS DIVIDE TO PRODUCE EGGS OR SPERM, WHICH HAVE HALF AS MANY CHROMOSOMES AS THE PARENT CELL

Other Cell Terms (cont.)

• METABOLISM: THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES BY WHICH CELLS OBTAIN AND USE ENERGY
• METAPHASE: SECOND PHASE OF MITOSIS, CHROMOSOMES LINE UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CELL
• MITOSIS: CELLS REPRODUCE BY DIVIDING TO YIELD TWO IDENTICAL CELLS
• NUCLEOTIDES: CROSSBARS OF MOLECULES CONNECTING TWO STRANDS OF MOLECULES IN DOUBLE HELIX
• NUCLEUS: SPHEROID BODY WITHIN A CELL THAT DICTATES PROTEIN PRODUCTION; CONTROLS TRANSPORT, METABOLISM, GROWTH, HEREDITY; BRAIN FOR THE CELL
• ORGANELLES: STRUCTURES WITHIN CYTOPLASM THAT CARRY OUT SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
• OSMOSIS: MOVEMENT OF WATER MOLECULES ACROSS MEMBRANE TO EQUAL OUT CONCENTRATION
• PASSIVE TRANSPORT PROCESS: TRANSPORT ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THAT DOESN'T REQUIRE CELLULAR ENERGY
• PHYSIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF BODY PARTS AND HOW THE PERFORMANCE OF ONE AFFECTS THE OTHERS
• -PLASM: SUFFIX MEANING FORMATIVE/FORMED MATERIAL
• PLASMA MEMBRANE: THE OUTSIDE BOUNDARY OF THE CELL
• PROPHASE: FIRST PHASE OF MITOSIS, CHROMOSOMES BEGIN TO CONDENSE AND NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISSOLVES
• RECEPTORS: SIGNAL CELL TO CARRY OUT PARTICULAR FUNCTIONS
• RNA: RIBONUCLEIC ACID; NEEDED FOR PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN WITHIN CELLS
• TELOPHASE: FOURTH PHASE OF MITOSIS, CELL BEGINS TO PINCH IN HALF SO THAT A NEW MEMBRANE EVENTUALLY FORMS
• TISSUE FLUID: SALT WATER SOLUTION THAT BATHES EVERY CELL IN THE BODY
• TRANSCRIPTION: PROCESS WHERE DNA MESSAGES ARE COPIED INTO THE EQUIVALENT RNA MOLECULE

Tissues, Organs, and Systems

• ABDOMINAL: SPACE BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND HIP BONES
• ALIMENTARY: PERTAINING TO FOOD OR NUTRITION (ALIMENTARY CANAL)
• ARTERIAL: PERTAINING TO ARTERIES OR THE BLOOD IN THEM
• ARTICULAR: PERTAINING TO A JOINT
• AUTONOMIC: OCCURRING INVOLUNTARILY
• AXIAL: TRUNK AND SKULL (SKELETON)
• BOWEL: DIVISION OF THE INTESTINE
• BRONCHIAL: PERTAINING TO AIR TUBES OF THE LUNGS
• CAPILLARY: SMALLEST BLOOD VESSELS
• CARDIAC: PERTAINING TO THE HEART
• CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE: SPECIALIZED FORM OF INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE TISSUE FOUND ONLY IN THE HEART
• CARDIOVASCULAR: PERTAINING TO THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
• CAVITY: SPACE OR HOLLOW WITHIN THE BODY

Tissues, Organs, and Systems (cont.)

• CEREBRAL: PERTAINING TO THE BRAIN, THE CEREBRUM IN PARTICULAR
• CERVICAL: PERTAINING TO THE NECK OR CERVIX
• CILIA: SMALL HAIRLIKE STRUCTURES
• CIRCULATORY: PERTAINING TO BLOOD CIRCULATION
• CLOACA: UROGENITAL CHAMBER OF BIRDS INTO WHICH THE INTESTINAL, URINARY, AND GENERATIVE CANALS DISCHARGE
• COCCYGEAL: TAIL AREA
• COLLATERAL: SECONDARY OR ACCESSORY
• COLON: PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
• COMPLEMENTARY: ORGANS CARRY OUT RELATED TASKS WITHIN A GENERAL FIELD
• COPULATORY: PERTAINING TO SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
• CONNECTIVE TISSUE: TISSUE SPECIALIZING IN CONNECTION AND SUPPORT OF BODY PARTS
• CORONARY: REGARDING THE HEART
• CRANIAL: PERTAINING TO THE SPACE ENCLOSED BY THE SKULL; HOUSES THE BRAIN AND PITUITARY GLAND
• CUTANEOUS: RELATING TO THE SKIN

Tissues, Organs, and Systems (cont.)

• DECIDUOUS: FALLING OUT AT THE END OF A STAGE OR SEASON; FIRST SET OF TEETH
• DENTAL: PERTAINING TO TEETH OR DENTISTRY
• DIAPHRAGM: MUSCULAR WALL DIVIDING THE THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL CAVITIES
• DIAPHRAGMATIC: PERTAINING TO THE DIAPHRAGM
• DIASTOLIC: REGARDING THE RELAXATION OF HEART MUSCLE, ALLOWING HEART CHAMBERS TO FILL WITH BLOOD
• DIGESTIVE: REGARDING THE CONVERSION OF FOOD INTO CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES THE BODY USES
• DIGITAL: PERTAINING TO FINGERS OR TOES
• DUODENAL: PERTAINING TO THE DUODENUM
• DUODENUM: THE FIRST OR PROXIMAL PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
• ENDOCRINE: SECRETING INTERNALLY; RELATING TO ENDOCRINE GLANDS
• EPIDERMAL: RELATING TO THE OUTER LAYER OF SKIN
• EPITHELIAL TISSUE: TISSUE THAT PROTECTS, LINES, OR INVESTS BODY ORGANS
• ESOPHAGUS: TUBULAR FOOD PASSAGE BETWEEN THE MOUTH AND STOMACH

Tissues, Organs, and Systems (cont.)

• EXCRETORY: RELATING TO THE DISCHARGE OF WASTE
• EXOCRINE: EXTERNAL SECRETION OF A GLAND
• EXTREMITIES: TERMINAL PORTIONS; LEGS, FEET, HOOVES, PAWS
• FASCIAL: CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANE
• FECAL: RELATING TO FECES (STOOL OR EXCREMENT)
• GENETIC: RELATING TO BIOLOGICAL HEREDITY
• GENITAL: PERTAINING TO THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
• HISTOLOGY: BRANCH OF ANATOMY THAT STUDIES THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF TISSUES
• HORMONAL: RELATING TO HORMONES
• INTEGUMENTARY: PERTAINING TO THE SKIN
• INTESTINAL: PERTAINING TO THE LARGE OR SMALL INTESTINE
• INVEST: COVER OR SURROUND A PART OF THE BODY
• INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE TISSUES: MUSCLE TISSUES THAT ARE AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED BY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• LARYNX: UPPER PART OF THE TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)

Tissues, Organs, and Systems (cont.)

• LUMBAR: PERTAINING TO THE LOWER BACK
• LYMPHATIC: PERTAINING TO THE LYMPH OR LYMPHATIC VESSELS
• MEDIASTINUM: THE MASS OF TISSUES AND ORGANS SEPARATING THE TWO LUNGS
• METABOLIC: RELATING TO METABOLISM
• MUCOUS: SECRETING MUCUS OR COVERED BY MUCUS
• MUCUS: SLIPPERY SECRETION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES, ACTS LIKE A LUBRICATION
• MUSCLE TISSUE: TISSUE WITH THE POWER TO CONTRACT AND THUS PRODUCE MOVEMENT; CAN BE SKELETAL MUSCLE, SMOOTH MUSCLE, OR CARDIAC MUSCLE
• MUSCULAR: PERTAINING TO THE MUSCLES
• NERVE TISSUE: TISSUE THAT CARRIES NERVE IMPULSES
• NERVOUS: PERTAINING TO THE NERVES
• ORGANS: BODY COMPONENTS MADE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUES THAT HAVE A COMMON FUNCTION & WORK TOGETHER
• ORGAN SYSTEMS: COLLECTIONS OF ORGANS WITH RELATED FUNCTIONS THAT INTERACT/COOPERATE
• PERITONEUM: MEMBRANE INVESTING THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND VISCERA
• PLEURAL CAVITY: SPACE BETWEEN LUNGS AND PLEURA

Tissues, Organs, and Systems (cont.)

• REPRODUCTIVE: CONCERNING THE PRODUCTION OF OFFSPRING
• RESPIRATORY: PERTAINING TO THE EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND BODY CELLS
• SKELETAL: PERTAINING TO THE BONES
• SPINAL CAVITY: SPACES WITHIN THE VERTEBRAE; HOUSES THE SPINAL CORD
• STRIATED: STRIPED; AS IN THE APPEARANCE OF VOLUNTARY (SKELETAL) MUSCLES
• THORACIC CAVITY: SPACE BETWEEN THE NECK AND DIAPHRAGM; HOUSES THE LUNGS
• TISSUES: IDENTICAL OR CLOSELY RELATED CELLS GROUPED TOGETHER THAT USUALLY PERFORM COMPATIBLE FUNCTIONS
• URINARY: PERTAINING TO THE SYSTEM OF URINE EXCRETION
• UROGENITAL: PERTAINING TO ORGANS OF EXCRETION AND REPRODUCTION
• VASCULAR: RELATING TO VESSELS FOR PASSAGE OF BODILY FLUIDS
• VISCUS, PL. VISCERA: INTERNAL ORGAN(S), PARTICULARLY THOSE OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY
• VOLUNTARY MUSCLE TISSUE: MUSCLE TISSUES CONTROLLED BY CONSCIOUS EFFORT; ALSO CALLED SKELETAL MUSCLE

Body Regions, Positions, & Locations

• ABDOMINAL: THE PORTION OF THE TRUNK CAUDAL TO THE DIAPHRAGM
• ADIPOSE; FAT
• ADRENAL: ADRENAL GLANDS; NEAR THE KIDNEYS
• ALIMENTARY: FOOD OR NUTRITION (ALIMENTARY CANAL)
• ANAL: THE REGION OF THE ANUS
• ANATOMICAL POSITION: STANDING ON ALL FOUR LEGS, NECK STRAIGHT, HEAD UP AND FACING FORWARD
• ANTEBRACHIAL: THE FOREARM, LOWER FRONT LEG
• AORTIC: THE AORTA (LARGEST ARTERY)
• APPENDICULAR: LEGS (APPENDAGES, EXTREMITIES)
• ARTERIAL: ARTERIES OR THE BLOOD IN THEM
• ARTICULATION: THE JOINT OR JUNCTURE OF TWO OR MORE BODY PARTS
• AXIAL: THE HEAD, NECK, AND BODY
• AXILLARY: THE ARMPIT AREA (FRONT LEG)

Body Regions, Positions, & Locations (cont)

• BRACHAIL: THE ARM, UPPER FRONT LEG
• BUCCAL: THE INNER SURFACES OF CHEEKS
• CARPAL: THE WRIST
• CAUDAL: THE TAIL; CLOSER TO THE TAIL
• CELIAC: THE ABDOMEN
• CEPHALIC: THE HEAD
• CERVICAL: THE NECK
• COCCYGEAL: THE TAIL AREA
• COSTAL: THE RIBS
• CRANIAL: THE SKULL; CLOSER TO THE HEAD
• CRURAL: THE LEG
• CUBITAL: THE ELBOW OR FOREARM
• CUTANEOUS: SKIN

Body Regions, Positions, & Locations (cont)

• DEEP: A REGION BELOW THE SURFACES OF THE BODY
• DIGITAL: THE TOES
• DISTAL: A DIRECTION AWAY FROM THE POINT OF ORIGIN; CLOSER TO THE DESTINATION OF FLOW
• DORSAL: THE BACK; STRUCTURE THAT'S CLOSE TO THE BACK OR SPINE
• EPIGASTRIC: THE REGION ABOVE THE STOMACH
• EXTREMITIES: THE LIMBS
• FEMORAL: THE THIGH
• FOREARM: THE PORTION OF THE ARM BETWEEN ELBOW AND CARPUS
• FRONTAL: THE FOREHEAD
• GLUTEAL: THE BUTTOCK
• GROIN: THE REGION BETWEEN ABDOMEN AND THIGH
• HYPOCHONDRIUM: THE REGION BELOW THE CARTILAGE OF THE RIBS
• HYPOGASTRIC: AREAS BELOW THE STOMACH

Body Regions, Positions, & Locations (cont)

• ILIAC: THE HIP BONE
• INGUINAL: THE GROIN
• LATERAL: THE SIDE; AWAY FROM MIDLINE
• LATERAL RECUMBENCY: LYING ON THE SIDE, LEFT OR RIGHT
• LUMBAR: THE LOWER BACK AND SIDE
• MAMMARY: THE BREASTS
• MEDIAL: THE MIDDLE; TOWARD THE MIDLINE
• MIDSAGITTAL: A LINE DIVIDING THE BODY AT ITS EXACT MEDIAN INTO TWO NEAR-MIRROR IMAGES; ALSO CALLED MEDIAL
• OCCIPITAL: THE BACK OF THE SKULL
• OPHTHALMIC: THE EYES
• ORAL: THE MOUTH
• ORBITAL: THE BONY CAVITY THE CONTAINS THE EYEBALL
• PALMAR: THE SOLE OF THE FRONT FOOT

Body Regions, Position, & Locations (cont)

• PATELLAR: THE KNEE
• PECTORAL: THE CHEST
• PEDAL: THE FOOT
• PELVIC: THE CAUDAL PORTION OF THE BODY
• PERINEAL: THE REGION BETWEEN THE ANUS AND THE GENITALS
• PLANES: SECTIONS OF BODY SPACE
• PLANTAR: THE SOLE OF THE HIND FOOT
• POPLITEAL: THE REGION BEHIND THE KNEE
• POSTERIOR: THE BACK
• PROXIMAL: AN AREA NEAR THE POINT OF ORIGIN; CLOSER TO THE ORIGIN OF FLOW
• QUADRANTS: ONE OF FOUR SECTIONS IN THE ABDOMINOPELVIC AREA
• RECUMBENT: LYING DOWN
• ROSTRAL: TOWARD THE NOSE

Body Regions, Positions, & Locations (cont)

• SACRAL: THE PORTION OF THE SPINE LOCATED NEAR THE PELVIS
• SAGITTAL PLANE: A PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY VERTICALLY, INTO RIGHT AND LET PARTS
• STERNAL RECUMBENCY: LYING ON THE BELLY
• SUPERFICIAL: A REGION CLOSE TO THE SURFACE OF THE BODY
• TARSAL: THE ANKLE OR HOCK
• TEMPORAL: THE SIDE OF THE SKULL
• THORACIC: THE CHEST
• TRANSVERSE (OR CROSS-SECTIONAL) PLANE: A PLANE THE DIVIDES THE BODY HORIZONTALLY, INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PARTS
• UMBILICAL: THE NAVEL
• VENTRAL: A DIRECTION TOWARD THE BELLY; NEARER THE SIDE OF THE ANIMAL THAT'S CLOSEST TO THE GROUND
• ZYGOMATIC: THE CHEEK

Surgical Devices (cont.)

• ARMAMENTARIUM: ALL EQUIPMENT USED IN THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE
• ARTHROSCOPE: INSTRUMENT INSERTED INTO JOINT CAVITY TO INSPECT CONTENTS
• ASPIRATOR: HOLLOW INSTRUMENT USED TO WITHDRAW FLUID, ESPECIALLY FROM BODY CAVITIES, CYSTS, OR JOINTS
• AUTOCLAVE: DEVICE USED TO STERILIZE INSTRUMENTS WITH PRESSURIZED, SUPERHEATED STEAM
• CATHETER: TUBE INSERTED INTO ARROW OPENING FOR REMOVAL OR INTRODUCTION OF FLUIDS
• CLAMP: SURGICAL INSTRUMENT USED TO COMPRESS BLOOD VESSEL OR CLOSE OFF END OF INTESTINE
• CORD CLAMP: FLEXIBLE BAND USED TO COMPRESS PART OR CLOSE OFF OPENING
• CURETTE: SPOON-SHAPED INSTRUMENT USED TO SCRAPE TISSUE FROM BODY CAVITIES
• CYSTOSCOPE: INSTRUMENT USED TO VIEW INTERIOR OF BLADDER
• DIATHERMY KNIFE: ELECTRODE-TIPPED BLADE USED TO COAGULATE TISSUE OR SMALL BLOOD VESSELS
• DRAIN: TUBE OR WICK USED TO DRAW FLUID FROM BODY CAVITY TO SURFACE
• DRAIN TUBE: TUBE USED TO DRAIN FLUID FROM INSIDE BODY
• ENDOSCOPE: SLENDER, TUBULAR INSTRUMENT USED FOR VIEWING AND EXAMINING INTERIOR BODY PART

Surgical Devices (cont.)

• FLOAT: AN INSTRUMENT USED TO FILE OR RASP A HORSE'S PREMOLAR AND MOLAR TEETH
• FLUOROSCOPE: FLUORESCENT SCREEN ON WHICH X-RAYS MAY BE VIEWED
• FORCEPS: ANY OF VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS USED TO GRASP AND PULL OBJECTS
• HEMOSTAT: DEVICE USED TO STOP OR PREVENT HEMORRHAGING
• HYPODERMIC: NEEDLE AND SYRINGE USED FOR INJECTION UNDER THE SKIN
• INHALANT ANESTHESIA: ANESTHESIA ADMINISTERED BY INHALING
• INHALATOR: DEVICE THAT ADMINISTERS MEDICINAL VAPORS
• LANCET: WIDE, TWO-EDGED, POINTED SURGICAL KNIFE
• LIGATURE: NYLON, WIRE, OR CATGUT TIED AROUND STRUCTURE TO PREVENT BLEEDING
• LOCAL ANESTHESIA: ANESTHESIA USED TO NUMB A SPECIFIC AREA WITHOUT CAUSING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• NEBULIZER: DEVICE THAT APPLIES A FINE MIST
• OPHTHALMOSCOPE: INSTRUMENT THAT DIRECTS FINE BEAMS OF LIGHT INTO EYE TO EXAMINE ITS INTERIOR
• PROBE: THING, FLEXIBLE, METAL ROD, WITH BLUNT END, USED TO EXPLORE CAVITIES AND WOUNDS

Surgical Devices (cont.)

• PROCTOSCOPE: HOLLOW, TUBE-SHAPED INSTRUMENT FOR INSPECTION OF RECTUM
• REGIONAL ANESTHESIA: ANESTHESIA APPLIED TO A LIMB OR AN ENTIRE SECTION OF THE BODY
• RESPIRATOR: DEVICE INFLATING LUNGS WITH MIXTURE OF OXYGEN AND AIR TO MAINTAIN RESPIRATION
• RESPIROMETER: DEVICE USED TO MEASURE EXTENT OF RESPIRATION
• RESUSCITATOR: ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION DEVICE THAT FORCES OXYGEN INTO LUNGS
• RETRACTOR: INSTRUMENT THAT DRAWS ASIDE EDGES OF SKIN OR TISSUE TO EXPOSE OPERATIONAL SITE
• SCALPEL: SMALL, POINTED SURGICAL KNIFE WITH CONVEX BLADE EDGE, USED TO CUT TISSUE
• SCOPE: FLEXIBLE FIBER OPTIC INSTRUMENT FOR INSPECTION OF INTERIOR OF BODY
• SCRUB SUIT: GOWN, OFTEN GREEEN, WORN IN SURGERY BY DOCTORS
• SNARE: WIRE NOOSE USED FOR SURGICAL REMOVAL OF TUMORS OR POLYPS BY THE ROOTS
• SPECULUM: INSTRUMENT THAT HOLDS OPEN A CAVITY, ESPECIALLY VAGINA OR EAR, FOR INSPECTION
• SPHYGMOGRAPH: INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING ARTERIAL PULSE
• SPIROGRAPH: INSTRUMENT USED TO RECORD TRACING OF RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS

Surgical Devices (cont.)

• STETHOSCOPE: DIAPHRAGM CONNECTED TO EARPIECES, USED TO LISTEN TO SOUNDS WITHIN THE BODY
• STITCHES: STERILE THREAD USED TO CLOSE A WOUND OR SURGICAL OPENING; SUTURE
• SURGICAL GLOVES: SHEER, HYGIENIC PLASTIC GLOVES WORN BY SURGEONS
• SURGICAL GOWN: STERILE COTTON GOWN WORN BY OPERATING ROOM PERSONNEL; SCRUB SUIT
• SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS: VARIOUS STERILIZED TOOLS USED IN SURGERY
• SURGICAL MASK: COTTON MASK WORN OVER MOUTH AND NOSE BY SURGEONS
• SURGICAL NEEDLE: SUTURE NEEDLE
• SURGICAL SPONGE: SOFT, STERILE MATERIAL THAT ABSORBS BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS DURING SURGERY
• SURGICAL STAPLE: DEVICE USED TO CLOSE SURGICAL OPENING WITHOUT SUTURES
• SUTURE: STERILE THREAD USED TO STITCH CLOSED A WOUND OR SURGICAL OPENING; STITCHES
• SUTURE NEEDLE: NEEDLE USED TO MAKE SUTURES; SURGICAL NEEDLE
• SYRINGE: PISTON IN TUBE ATTACHED TO HOLLOW NEEDLE
• TOPICAL ANESTHESIA: ANESTHESIA APPLIED TO THE SKIN TO "NUMB" A SURFACE AREA
• X-RAY MACHINE: DEVICE THAT EMITS RADIATION AND TAKES DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHIC PHOTOS

Reproductive & Genetic Terms

• ABORTION: PREMATURE EXPULSION OF A FETUS, EITHER BY NATURE OR BY INTENT
• AFTERBIRTH: PLACENTA AND FETAL MEMBRANES EXPELLED FROM UTERUS IN PARTURITION
• ALBINO: GENETIC TRAIT CAUSING LACK OF PIGMENT IN THE SKIN, HAIR, AND IRISES OF THE EYE
• ALTER: TO NEUTER A MALE ANIMAL
• ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION: INTRODUCTION OF SEMEN INTO THE UTERUS BY OTHER THAN NATURAL MEANS
• BILLY GOAT: AN INTACT MALE GOAT; BUCK
• BITCH: A FEMALE DOG
• BOAR: A MALE PIG
• BREED (NOUN): A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS SIMILAR ENOUGH TO PRODUCE SIMILAR OFFSPRING
• BREED (VERB): TO SUPERVISE THE SEXUAL PROPAGATION OF ANIMALS
• BROOD: OFFSPRING FROM ONE HATCHING OF A BIRD'S EGGS
• BROODY: HEN SITTING ON EGGS
• BUCK: A MALE DEER, GOAT, RABBIT, OR KANGAROO

Reproductive & Genetic Terms (cont.)

• BULL: MALE OF VARIOUS LARGE MAMMALS, ESPECIALLY CATTLE
• CALF: BOVINE YOUNG LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD; SEAL YOUNG
• CAPON: A NEUTERED ROOSTER
• CASTRATION: REMOVAL OF THE TESTICLES; NEUTERING A MALE ANIMAL
• CESAREAN SECTION: REMOVAL OF UNBORN YOUNG BY SURGICAL INCISION INTO THE UTERUS
• CHICK: A YOUNG BIRD, ESPECIALLY A CHICKEN
• CHROMOSOMES: BODIES WITHIN THE CELL NUCLEUS THAT STORE GENETIC INFORMATION
• CLUTCH: A GROUP OF EGGS LAID AT ONE TIME BY A BIRD
• COB: A MALE SWAN
• COCK: A MALE CHICKEN OVER ONE YEAR OLD
• COCKEREL: A MALE CHICKEN UNDER ONE YEAR OLD
• COLOSTRUM: PROTEIN- AND ANTIBODY-RICH MILD SECRETED BY THE MOTHER AFTER GIVING BIRTH
• COLT: A MALE HORSE BEFORE MATURITY

Reproductive & Genetic Terms (cont.)

• CONGENITAL: CONDITION EXISTING AT BIRTH, BUT NOT HEREDITARY
• COW: THE FEMALE OF VARIOUS LARGE ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY CATTLE
• CUR: A MIXED-BREED DOG OF LITTLE VALUE
• CYGNET: A YOUNG SWAN
• DAM: FEMALE PARENT
• DOE: AN ADULT FEMALE GOAT OR DEER
• DRAKE: A MALE DUCK
• DUCKLING: A YOUNG DUCK
• EMBRYO: UNDEVELOPED FETUS; THE YOUNG IN AN EARLY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
• ENTIRE: UNNEUTERED
• ESTRUS: TIME OF REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE WHEN THE FEMALE IS RECEPTIVE TO MATING
• EWE: A FEMALE SHEEP OF BREEDING AGE
• FERTILIZATION: UNION OF THE SPERM AND EGG

Reproductive & Genetic Terms (cont.)

• FETUS: UNBORN DEVELOPING ANIMAL
• FILLY: A FEMALE HORSE UNDER FOUR YEARS OLD
• FLEDGLING: A YOUNG BIRD JUST LEARNING TO FLY
• FOAL: A YOUNG OR NEWBORN HORSE
• GANDER: A MALE GOOSE
• GELDING: A NEUTERED MALE HORSE
• GENE: PART OF CHROMOSOMES CARRYING HEREDITARY INFORMATION
• GENITALIA: PART OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
• GESTATION PERIOD: TIME BETWEEN CONCEPTION AND BIRTH OF AN OFFSPRING
• GILT: A YOUNG FEMALE PIG
• GOBBLER: A MALE TURKEY
• GOSLING: A YOUNG GOOSE
• GRAVID: PREGNANT; CONTAINING DEVELOPING YOUNG

Reproductive & Genetic Terms (cont.)

• HEAT: ESTRUS CONDITION
• HEIFER: A YOUNG COW
• HEREDITARY: TRANSMISSIBLE FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING; GENETICALLY DETERMINED
• INGUINAL HERNIA: PROTRUSION OF TISSUE THROUGH INGUINAL CANALS OF MALES
• JACK: A MALE DONKEY; JACKASS
• JENNY: A FEMALE DONKEY
• KID: A YOUNG GOAT
• KITTEN: A YOUNG CAT
• LAMB: A YOUNG SHEEP
• LITTER: SEVERAL OFFSPRING FROM ONE BIRTH, ESPECIALLY IN MAMMALS
• MAMMARY GLANDS: GLANDS OF FEMALE MAMMALS THAT SECRETE MILD AFTER PARTURITION
• MARE: A MATURE FEMALE HORSE
• MISCARRIAGE: EXPULSION OF UNDERDEVELOPED FETUS

Reproductive & Genetic Terms (cont.)

• MONESTROUS: HAVING ONE ESTRUS PERIOD PER YEAR
• MONGREL: A MIXED-BREED DOG; A MUTT
• MULE: THE STERILE OFFSPRING OF A HORSE AND A DONKEY; ANY STERILE HYBRID
• NANNY GOAT: A FEMALE GOAT
• NEONATE: A NEWBORN ANIMAL
• NEST: STRUCTURE MADE OR PLACE CHOSEN FOR BREEDING OR LAYING EGGS
• NEUTER: REMOVAL OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
• NUPTIAL PLUMAGE: BRILLIANT MATING SEASON PLUMAGE EXHIBITED BY SOME BIRDS, USUALLY MALES
• OVIPAROUS: ANIMALS WHOSE EGGS DEVELOP OUTSIDE THE MOTHER'S BODY
• OVOVIVIPAROUS: ANIMALS WHOSE EGGS DEVELOP WITHIN THE MOTHER'S OVIDUCT
• PARTURITION: THE PROCESS OF GIVING BIRTH
• PEN: A FEMALE SWAN
• PIGLET: A YOUNG PIG

Reproductive & Genetic Terms (cont.)

• POUCH: FOLD OF SKIN FOR CARRYING YOUNG ON ABDOMEN OF FEMALE MARSUPIAL
• PLACENTA: ORGAN WITHIN THE GRAVID UTERUS, EXPELLED AFTER BIRTHING
• POLYESTROUS: HAVING MORE THAN ONE ESTROUS PERIOD PER YEAR
• PREGNANCY: CONDITION IN WHICH OFFSPRING DEVELOP IN THE FEMALE UTERUS
• PREPUCE: PROTECTIVE SHEATH COVERING THE PENIS
• PULLET: FEMALE CHICKEN LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD
• PUP: A YOUNG DOG; A YOUNG SEAL
• QUEEN: A MATURE, ENTIRE FEMALE CAT USED FOR BREEDING
• RAM: A MALE, ENTIRE, SEXUALLY MATURE SHEEP (ABOUT SIX MONTHS OR OLDER)
• ROOSTER: A MALE CHICKEN
• SHOAT: A PIG UNDER ONE YEAR OLD
• SIRE: THE MALE PARENT OF ANY QUADRUPED, ESPECIALLY A HORSE
• SOW: A FEMALE PIG

Reproductive & Genetic Terms (cont.)

• SPAY: TO REMOVE THE OVARIES AND UTERUS; TO NEUTER A FEMALE ANIMAL
• SQUAB: A FLEDGLING PIGEON
• STAG: A MALE DEER
• STALLION: A MALE HORSE
• STEER: A NEUTERED BULL
• STUD: A MALE HORSE USED FOR BREEDING
• TOM: A MALE CAT OR TURKEY
• UMBILICAL CORD: VESSEL CONNECTING THE FETUS TO THE PLACENTA
• VAGINA: FEMALE PASSAGE FOR COPULATION AND BIRTHING
• VIVIPAROUS: GIVING BIRTH TO LIVE YOUNG DEVELOPED IN THE UTERUS
• VIXEN: A FEMALE FOX
• WETHER: A NEUTERED RAM OR BILLY GOAT
• WHELP (NOUN): THE YOUNG OF A DOG
• WHELP (VERB): GIVING BIRTH TO, SAID ESPECIALLY OF DOGS

General Veterinary Terms

• ABRASION: IRRITATION OF SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANE
• ANEMIA: RED BLOOD CELL DEFICIENCY
• ANESTHETIC: RELATING TO ANESTHESIA; AN ANESTHETIC AGENT, CAUSING A LOSS OF FEELING
• ANTIBIOTIC: SUBSTANCE THAT DESTROYS DISEASE-CAUSING BACTERIA
• ANTIBODY: SUBSTANCE FORMED BY THE BODY TO COUNTERACT ANTIGENS
• ANTICOAGULANT: SUBSTANCE THAT HINDERS BLOOD CLOTTING
• ANTIGEN: SUBSTANCE THAT STIMULATES THE BODY'S IMMUNE SYSTEM
• ANTISEPTIC: CLEAN; PREVENTING THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS
• ANTIVENIN: SUBSTANCE THAT COUNTERACTS THE TOXICITY OF VENOM
• APNEA; PERIODIC CESSATION OF BREATHING
• ARTHRITIS: JOINT INFLAMMATION
• ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION: RHYTHMIC FORCING OF AIR INTO LUNGS THAT HAVE STOPPED BREATHING
• ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE: PROCEDURE FOR PREVENTING INFECTION

General Veterinary Terms (cont.)

• ATROPHIC RHINITIS: THE WASTING AWAY OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OR GLANDS OF THE NOSE
• AVULSION: DETACHMENT OR TEARING AWAY OF A BODY PART
• BACTERIA: MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS, OFTEN PARASITIC AND DISEASE-CAUSING
• BIOPSY: REMOVAL AND EXAMINATION OF TISSUES FOR DIAGNOSIS
• BRUCELOSIS: AN INFECTION CAUSED BY BRUCELLA BACTERIA
• CANINE DISTEMPER: VIRAL DISEASE OF DOGS MARKED BY FEVER AND RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS
• CANINE PARVOVIRUS: VIRUS THAT CAUSES A DEADLY DISEASE IN DOGS
• CARDIOMYOPATHY: CHRONIC DISORDER OF THE HEART, COMMON IN DOGS
• CATHETERIZATION: INTRODUCTION OF A CATHETER INTO A BODY PART
• COLIC: ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN; COMMON IN HORSES
• COAGULANT: AGENT THE PRODUCES BLOOD CLOTTING
• COMA: STATE OF DEEP UNCONSCIOUSNESS
• COMPRESS: FOLDED CLOTH OR PAD APPLIED SO AS TO PRESS ON A BODY PART

General Veterinary Terms (cont.)

• CONSTIPATION: INFREQUENT, DIFFICULT PASSAGE OF DRY FECES
• CONVULSION: UNCONTROLLED, VIOLENT MUSCLE CONTRACTION
• CORTISONE: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY HORMONE
• CROPPING: COSMETIC SURGICAL REMOVAL OF LARGE PORTION OF A DOG'S EAR
• CYSITIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER
• DIABETES INSIPIDUS: DIABETIC CONDITION CAUSED BY PITUITARY DISORDER
• DIABETES MELLITUS: DIABETIC CONDITION CAUSED BY AN INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF INSULIN
• DISINFECTANT: AGENT THAT DESTROYS INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS ON SURFACES
• DISSOCIATIVE AGENT: ANESTHETIC THAT CHEMICALLY DISSOCIATES (SEPARATES OUT) PERCEPTIONS OF PAIN
• DOCKING: COSMETIC SURGICAL REMOVAL OF A PORTION OF A DOG'S TAIL
• DYSPNEA: DIFFFICULTY BREATHING
• EMESIS: REGURGITATION (VOMITING)
• ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION: PLACEMENT OF A TUBE INTO THE TRACHEA

General Veterinary Terms (cont.)

• ENDOGENOUS: ORIGINATING FROM WITHIN THE ORGANISM
• ENEMA: INJECTION OF LIQUID THROUGH THE ANUS TO EMPTY THE INTESTINE
• ENZOOTIC PNEUMONIA: INFECTION OF THE LUNGS FOUND IN SPECIFIC KINDS OF ANIMALS
• EPIPHYSIS: PART OF BONE WHERE GROWTH OCCURS; OFTEN BREAKAGE SITE IN YOUNG ANIMALS
• EUTHANASIA: MERCIFUL, PAINLESS KILLING OF AN INJURED OR ILL ANIMAL
• EXOGENOUS: ORIGINATING FROM OUTSIDE THE ORGANISM
• EXTERNAL: OCCURRING ON THE OUTSIDE
• FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA: VIRAL DISEASE OF CATS SIMILAR TO PARVOVIRUS IN DOGS
• FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS: OFTEN DEADLY INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF YOUNG CATS
• FELINE UROLITHIASIS: CONDITION IN CAST; CAUSED BY MINERAL DEPOSITS IN THE URINARY TRACT
• FRACTURE: BREAK IN BONE; RUPTURE
• GASTROENTERITIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE MEMBRANE LINING THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES
• HALITOSIS: BAD BREATH

General Veterinary Terms (cont.)

• HEIMLICH MANEUVER: PROCEDURE TO REMOVE OBSTRUCTION FROM THE WINDPIPE OF A CHOKING VICTIM
• HEMATOCRIT: LABORATORY PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE PERCENTAGE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN THE BLOOD
• HEMOPHILIA: CONDITION OF DELAYED BLOOD CLOTTING
• HEPATITIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER
• HERPES VIRUS: INFLAMMATORY VIRUS THAT REPRODUCES IN THE CELL NUCLEUS
• HYPERTHYROIDISM: EXCESSIVE FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND
• HYPERTROPHY: EXAGGERATED GROWTH
• HYPNOTIC: TRANCE-LIKE STATE PRODUCED WITHOUT DRUGS; A DRUG THAT CAUSES A HYPNOTIC STATE
• HYPOTHYROIDISM: DEFICIENT ACTIVITY OF THE THYROID GLAND
• IMMUNITY: ABILITY TO RESIST DISEASE
• INCISION: CUT MADE INTO THE BODY
• INHALANT: MEDICATION BREATHED IN
• INTERNAL: OCCURRING ON THE INSIDE

General Veterinary Terms (cont.)

• LACERATION: WOUND PRODUCED BY TEARING, AS OPPOSED TO CUTTING, OF BODY TISSUE
• LEPTOSPIROSIS: ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE, PART OF MOST CANINE VACCINATION SCHEDULES
• LETHARGIC: SLUGGISH
• LEUKEMIA: DISEASE OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
• LUXATION: DISLOCATION
• LYMPHOSARCOMA: MALIGNANT LYMPH TUMOR TENDING TO SPREAD FREELY; COMMON IN CATTLE
• MASTITIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE BREAST
• NEUTRALIZE: COUNTERACT THE EFFECT OF
• PALPATE: EXAMINE BY TOUCH
• PARAINFLUENZA: VIRAL INFECTION OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT, PART OF ROUTINE DOG VACCINATION
• PARASITE: ORGANISM LIVING ON OR IN ANOTHER ORGANISM
• PATHOLOGY: THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL SIGNS OF DISEASE, OR STUDY OF ITS ESSENTIAL NATURE
• PNEUMOTHORAX: AIR IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY

General Veterinary Terms (cont.)

• POLYDIPSIA: EXCESSIVE THIRST
• POLYPHAGIA: EXCESSIVE APPETITE
• POLYURIA: EXCESSIVE URINATION
• PROLAPSE: SLIPPING OF A BODY PART FROM ITS USUAL POSITION
• PUNCTURE (VERB): THE ACT OF PIERCING WITH A POINTED OBJECT OR INSTRUMENT
• PUNCTURE (NOUN): A WOUND MADE WITH A POINTED OBJECT OR INSTRUMENT
• PYELONEPHRITIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY AND RENAL PELVIS CAUSED BY BACTERIAL INFECTION
• RABIES: ACUTE INFECTIOUS VIRAL DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• RADIOGRAPH: X-RAY PHOTOGRAPH
• RADIOLOGY: THE USE OF RADIANT ENERGY (X-RAYS) IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
• REDUCTION: RETURNING OF BROKEN BONES TO CORRECT POSITION
• RUPTURE: TEARING OR BREAKING APART OF TISSUE
• SEDATIVE: TRANQUILIZING DRUG

General Veterinary Terms (cont.)

• SEROLOGY: TESTS USING BLOOD SERUM
• SMEAR: MATERIAL SPREAD ON A SLIDE FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
• SPECIMEN: SMALL AMOUNT OF A BODY FLUID USED IN LABORATORY TESTS
• STERILE: FREE FROM MICROORGANISMS
• STIMULANT: DRUG THAT PRODUCES INCREASED BODY FUNCTIONS
• SUPERFICIAL: NEAR THE SURFACE
• SURGERY: OPERATIVE OR MANUAL PROCEDURE TO CORRECT A HEALTH CONDITION
• SYMPTOM: INDICATION OF THE PRESENCE OF DISEASE
• TETANUS: ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASE USUALLY INTRODUCED THROUGH A WOUND
• TOXIC: POISONOUS
• TOXOPLASMOSIS: A CONTAGIOUS DISEASE OF ALL SPECIES CAUSED BY TOXOPLASMA GONDII
• VACCINE: ARTIFICIAL IMMUNIZATION AGENT
• ZOONOSIS: DISEASE OF ANIMALS THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO HUMANS