Advice, expectation, and obligation - created from Mind Map

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Advice

Strong advice/wearning

Expectation

Personal obligation

External obligation/rules

We use should or ought to to give advice or make a suggestion.

Maybe you should/ought to try to do things differently.

We also use would and wouldn't to give advice. The words "if I were you" are often implied.

I would stay somewhere else (if I were you). The service at this hotel is pretty bad.

We use had better (not) to express strong adivice or a warning. Had better is follewed by the base form of the verb.

You'd better drive slowly tonight. The roads are very icy.

In the first person, we can use had better to express a strong obligation.

I'd better renew my passport,or I won't be able to travel.

We use be supposed to express something that we're expected to do, but don't always do. In a negative sentence not goes after a form of be.

You're supposed to wait. You're not supposed to be here.

We use should or ought to to express a personal obligation.

I really should/aught to tell Dan I'm taking the trip with you.

We use can to express permission or talk about rules. We use the negative can't to express that permission hasn't been granted.

You can go to the front of the line, but you can't use your cell phone in here.

We can also use be allowed to to express permission. The negative expresses that permission hasn't been granted and is a little more formal than can't.

You're not allowed to/can't drive on the right in the UK.

We use have to to express external obligation and don't have to where no obligation is present. In American English, we use must only for very strong or rules.

You have to pay by tomorrow, but you don't have to pay the full amount.

All passengers have to/must board through the door on the right.