Test
CHAPTER 7
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Preguntas del test (70)
1Developmental Personality Psychology is the study of personality ________ and ________.
- Astructure; organization
- Btraits; facets
- Cconsistency; stability
- Djudgment; accuracy
2According to the text, what paradox is central to the study of personality development?
- APeople change throughout their lives yet fundamental personality traits maintain rankorder
stability in relation to others in their age group. - BPeople’s personality changes both across their entire lives and in response to specific
events. - CPeople develop their personalities according to both nature and nurture.
- DSome people’s personalities change dramatically over the life span, and some people
don’t change at all.
- APeople change throughout their lives yet fundamental personality traits maintain rankorder
3When individuals have rank-order personality consistency, they maintain the ways in which they
________ other people the same age.- Aare the same as
- Bchange from
- Care different from
- Dare liked by
4In one study, researchers found that personality trait scores from the same people measured 10 years
apart correlated between r = .60 and r = .90. This is evidence for ________.- Apersonality stability
- Bpersonality accuracy
- Cmean level change
- Dadaptability
5Personality disorders generally ________ across the life span.
- Aare responsive to therapy and become less severe
- Bare stable
- Cget worse
- Dbecome less severe
6Which of the following serves as evidence for the claim that personality remains stable throughout the
life span?- ADue to major life events throughout young adulthood, people undergo significant
personality trait changes. - BThe impact of major life events is similar in young adulthood and later in life.
- CPeople tend to select the same environments throughout their life span.
- DChildhood personality ratings are predictive of adult life outcomes.
- ADue to major life events throughout young adulthood, people undergo significant
7Which of the following is NOT a basic aspects of childhood temperament?
- Apositive emotionality
- Bnegative emotionality
- Ceffortful control
- Dheterotypic continuity
8According to the text, the personality one begins with is known as one’s ________.
- Arank-order consistency
- Btrait structure
- Ctemperament
- Dsocial clock
9As a child, Brett was always bouncing off the walls at his parent’s social gatherings. As an adult, he is
the life of every party. This is an example of ________.- Apersonal-environment transactions
- Btemperament
- Cheterotypic continuity
- Dcumulative continuity
10Which of the following is NOT a known physical factor that influences personality development?
- Aheight
- Battractiveness
- Cgender
- Da summer tan
11According to psychologist Frank Sulloway, firstborns are more ________ compared to later borns.
- Aconscientious
- Bneurotic
- Copen to experience
- Dextraverted
12Molly had a self-proclaimed “perfect childhood.” According to the text, what might Molly face later in
life?- Aa perfect family and career
- Bunpreparedness for difficult times
- Ca life riddled with stress
- Da strong emotional reaction to imperfection
13Between ages 10 and 20, levels of extraversion tend to ________ and then ________.
- Adecrease; increase
- Blevel off; stay the same
- Cdecrease; stay the same
- Dincrease; level off
14________ generally refers to the traits that help a person to fulfill socially important adult roles such as
being a spouse, a parent, or a worker- AResponsibility
- BConsistency
- CMaturity
- DGenerativity
15The processes by which people respond to, seek out, and create environments that are compatible with
their personalities are called ________.- Acumulative personalities continuity
- Bpersonality-environment transactions
- Cpersonality-life-history transactions
- Dbirth-order effects
16The process by which a person seeks out compatible environments and avoids incompatible ones is
called ________.- Aactive person-environmental transaction
- Breactive personal-environment transaction
- Cevocative person-environment transaction
- Dheterotypic continuity
17In line with the ________ process, if someone is high on conscientiousness, she will most likely select
environments that promote achievement and order.- Aevocative person-environment transaction
- Bactive person-environment transaction
- Creactive person-environment transaction
- Dheterotypic continuity
18Richard is an extravert and finds himself miserable at parties. His response is an example of
a(n)________ person-environment transaction.- Aactive
- Bevocative
- Cinactive
- Dreactive
19Consistency of individual differences in personality ________ over the life span.
- Adecreases
- Bstays the same
- Cincreases
- Dincreases and then decreases
20According to previous research, when does personality stop developing?
- AThere’s no way to know for sure; the evidence is inconclusive.
- BSomewhere between childhood and adolescence.
- CBy the time someone turns 30.
- DPersonality continues to develop throughout the entire life span.
21Personality development is ________.
- Athe mean level change of a trait over time
- Bthe cross-situational consistency of a trait
- Cthe rank-order change of a trait across individuals
- Dthe change in social status of an individual over time
22John is 65 years old. Relative to his personality as a 20-year-old, John has likely ________ in openness
to experience.- Aincreased
- Bstayed pretty much the same
- Cdecreased
- Dincreased and then decreased
23According to a recent large-scale cross-sectional study, adolescents around the world in today’s age
tend to be ________.- Aagreeable and considerate
- Bimpulsive and rebellious
- Cconscientious and studious
- Daggressive and angry
24A current study is surveying people of different ages in order to understand whether or not individuals’
levels of subjective well-being change across the life span. What type of developmental study is this?- Alongitudinal
- Bcross-sectional
- Cinformant
- Dexperimental
25According to a classic study, individuals who grew up during the Great Depression had different
attitudes regarding work and financial security than those who did not grow up during this time. These
findings provide evidence for ________.- Athe maturity principle
- Bcohort effects
- Crank-order stability of personality
- Dcumulative continuity principle
26Personality psychologists are currently debating whether young adults in the 21st century are more
________ than previous generations.- Aself-centered and narcissistic
- Bdepressed and anxious
- Cagreeable and happy
- Dhardworking and diligent
27What is a well-known issue with cross-sectional methodology?
- Athe length of time it takes to collect data from each and every age group
- Bthe possibility that differences in childhood social environment is determining differences
between age groups - Cthe difficulty in obtaining data from each and every age group
- Dthe possibility that one group is over-represented in the study
28According to recent evidence, results from longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies about
personality traits are ________.- Aonly slightly different
- Bdrastically different
- Cnot comparable
- Donly the same in certain contexts
29What is a key strength of longitudinal personality development studies?
- AThey are easy and quick to complete.
- BThey are not biased by the cohort effect.
- CThey are typically high powered with many thousand participants.
- DThey are not affected by attrition.
30Based on personality development research conducted over the last 40 years, what can we conclude
regarding William James’s claim that personality is “set like plaster” by age 30?- AHe was more or less correct.
- BHe was very wrong.
- CThere is not yet enough evidence to know whether or not he was correct.
- DHe was wrong in the sense that personality remains stable after age 50.
31Allen has just begun his first professional job. Allen will most likely display an increase in which trait?
- Aextraversion
- Bopenness to experience
- Cconscientiousness
- Dagreeableness
32According to psychologist Ravenna Helson, someone who stays “on time” in relation to their social
clock ________.- Areceives social approval
- Bfeels no different than someone who is “behind”
- Creceives social shaming
- Dfeels as if they have not “lived”
33Research suggests that women who follow ________ reported being content and satisfied with life 20
years after graduation.- Athe Feminine Social Clock
- Bthe Masculine Social Clock
- Cneither the Feminine Social Clock nor the social clock
- Deither the Feminine Social Clock or Masculine Social Clock
34Maria is in her late 20s and is a manager at an advertising company. According to the text, Maria is
following the ________.- AFeminine Social Clock
- BNeither Social Clock
- CMasculine Social Clock
- DOccupational Achievement Clock
35According to Dan McAdams, the narrative theme of “agency” organizes the life story around
________.- Aan event that seemed terrible at the time but had positive consequences in the end
- Bindividuals who had a particular influence in the trajectory of one’s life
- Cepisodes of challenging oneself and then accomplishing one’s goals
- Da high-point, a low-point, and a turning point
36Becoming an author enables you to form a(n)________.
- Asense of purpose
- Bwell-rounded personality
- Cintellectual identity
- Dnarrative identity
37What is the correct order of narrative identity development over the life course, according to Dan
McAdams?- Aactor, agent, author
- Bauthor, agent, actor
- Cagent, actor, author
- Dagent, author, actor
38In the last month, Oscar learned to drive and began working at his first job. These new developments
are helping him to see himself as an ________.- Aagent
- Bactor
- Cauthor
- Dartist
39Ashley has just graduated from law school and in the next few weeks will begin working as a junior
partner at a national law firm. Ashley is beginning to see herself as an ________.- Aagent
- Bartist
- Cauthor
- Dactor
40Paul used to abuse alcohol and at his lowest point, his father helped him become sober. Now Paul and
his father are closer than they ever have been. Paul’s story is an example of a(n) ________ story.- Aagency
- Binterpersonal
- Credemptive
- Dcommunion
41Young people with life-threatening illnesses appear to shift their goals from ________ to ________.
- Aexploration; emotional well-being
- Bgenerativity; meaningfulness
- Cwork; family
- Dintellectual achievement; creativity
42A shift in one’s goals is related to a change in one’s ________.
- Aage
- Blife-narrative
- Cpersonality trait levels
- Dsocial roles
43During old age, individuals tend to have goals that focus on ________.
- Awhat is emotionally meaningful
- Bstaying as busy as possible
- Cwhat can earn them the most money
- Dtraveling around the world
44According to one survey, what trait did the greatest number of people report wanting to change?
- Aagreeableness
- Bextraversion
- Copenness
- Dneuroticism
45What piece of evidence suggests that age is NOT a determining factor in the desire to change one’s
personality?- ACollege students are more likely to want to change themselves than do individuals in their
60s. - BThere is little to no correlation between participants’ age and their self-reported desire to
change. - CParents report that their children want to change more often than their children report
wanting to change. - DThere is a negative correlation between participants’ age and their self-reported desire to
change.
- ACollege students are more likely to want to change themselves than do individuals in their
46What drug can lead to increases in openness to experience that lasts a year or longer?
- AProzac
- Bmarijuana
- Cpsilocybin mushrooms
- Dcocaine
47Based on the findings from various studies investigating interventions aimed at changing delinquent
behavior, targeting ________ children seems to be more effective.- Aolder
- Blow socio-economic status
- Cyounger
- Dhigh socio-economic status
48According to a recent study, what intervention can lead people to become more tolerant of stress and
less defensive in general?- Aattending a two-week acceptance training
- Bpracticing daily mindfulness activities
- Cparticipating in one-on-one counseling sessions
- Dwriting self-affirmation essays
49The following exercises are used to help develop self-control EXCEPT ________.
- Ameditating
- Bself-affirmation
- Crelaxing
- Dreconsidering temptations
50What intervention has been developed to (temporarily) change levels of narcissism?
- AIndividuals were given psilocybin mushrooms.
- BIndividuals were instructed to work for a charity for at least 10 hours per week.
- CIndividuals were told to practice mindfulness meditation.
- DIndividuals were told to practice perspective taking and empathy.
51According to a new theoretical model for personality change, if individuals ________, the trait change
will follow.- Achange their mindset
- Bchange the relevant environmental factors
- Cchange the relevant behaviors
- Dchange their life goals
52Starting a job, entering college, and beginning a serious relationship are all associated with increases in
________.- Aopenness to experience
- Bneuroticism
- Cextraversion
- Dconscientiousness
53According to a study investigating personality change among young Germans, those who completed
community service increased in ________at a higher rate than those who entered into the military.- Aagreeableness
- Bconscientiousness
- Cextraversion
- Demotional stability
54What event is likely to contribute to personality changes well into adulthood?
- Aentering college
- Bbeginning a serious relationship
- Ccaring for a spouse with a terminal illness
- Dgoing through the natural aging process
55Johnny just lost his job. What change in personality is he likely to undergo?
- Aan increase in conscientiousness
- Ba decrease in agreeableness
- Can increase in emotional stability
- Da decrease in extraversion
56Joe just got back from a month long trip to Africa. According to the text, what are the likely long-term
effects of his trip?- Aan increase in his self-confidence and social skills
- Ba decrease in verbal fluency
- Can increased appreciation for his hometown and family
- Da decreased sense of self
57According to a recent study, a ________ amount of stress throughout one’s life leads to a(n) ________
in cardiovascular reactivity- Alow; decrease
- Bhigh; decrease
- Cmoderate; increase
- Dmoderate; decrease
58According to the text, narcissists seem to ________ the positive consequences of changing themselves.
- Aoverestimate
- Bunderestimate
- Cfully understand
- Dreject
59Sandy is afraid that her lack of diligence and timeliness will cause her to get fired from her job.
According to the text, what is the first thing she must do to increase her level of conscientiousness?- Arecognize her specific problem areas and want to change
- Btalk to her boss to get his perspective
- Cchange herself immediately without much thought
- Drecognize that particular aspects of her job are likely causing her to be late and lazy
60According to the theoretical model cited in the text, what is the correct order of steps necessary to
accomplish self-regulated personality trait change?- Achanging one’s behavior, allowing the behaviors to become habitual, wanting to change,
believing change is possible - Bbelieving change is possible, wanting to change, asking for outside help, changing one’s
behavior - Cchanging one’s behavior, asking for outside help, believing change is possible, wanting to
change - Dwanting to change, believing change is possible, self-regulating behavioral change,
behavior change becoming habitual
- Achanging one’s behavior, allowing the behaviors to become habitual, wanting to change,
61People tend to blame negative experiences on ________ rather than recognizing the role of ________.
- Atheir own personality; external factors
- Bluck; their own personality
- Cexternal factors; their own personality
- Dexternal factors; luck
62The idea that people seek to develop a stable sense of who they are and then strive to act consistently
with this self-view is consistent with the ________.- Aidentity development principle
- Brole continuity principle
- Ccorresponsive principle
- Dplasticity principle
63All of the following are among Roberts and colleagues’ principles of personality development
EXCEPT ________.- Acumulative continuity principle
- Bmaturity principle
- Crole continuity principle
- Drank-order reversal principle
64In high school Jane was made fun of for being a geek. As an adult, she is a molecular biologist who
now proudly wears the “geek” badge of honor. Jane’s experience is an example of which of the
principles of personality development?- Aplasticity principle
- Brole continuity principle
- Cidentity development principle
- Dmaturity principle
65According to the text, each of the principles of personality development is well suited to ________.
- Aargue against the previous claim that personality changes across the life span
- Bserve as the bases of personality development and as a guide for future research
- Cdirect a therapist’s approach to effortful personal change
- Dargue against the previous claim that personality remains stable across the life span
66With accumulated evidence from personality and developmental psychology we can conclude that
personality ________ and ________ over the life course.- Ais positive; negative
- Bchanges; is stable
- Cis subjective; objective
- Dis self-reported; peer-reported
67The best sort of personality change ________.
- Ais quick and focused
- Boccurs in childhood but not in adulthood
- Cis slow and steady
- Dis a constant effortful struggle throughout the life span
68What is a reasonable argument for the idea that personality change is maladaptive?
- AHaving a disorganized, unsteady personality can cause others to find it difficult to make
sense of or relate to that person. - BPersonality stability causes others to consider that person as “too perfect.”
- CSomeone who changes their personality frequently is perceived as unattractive and
therefore may not acquire many relationship partners. - DPersonality instability causes borderline personality disorder.
- AHaving a disorganized, unsteady personality can cause others to find it difficult to make
69Which of the following life events has NOT been identified as contributing to significant changes in
one’s personality over one’s lifespan?- Abirth order
- Bearly experience
- Cattending college
- Dretirement
70Over the last 10 years, Angelica has become more agreeable, conscientious and emotionally stable.
What principle best describes Angelica’s development?- Acumulative continuity principle
- Bthe maturity principle
- Cplasticity principle
- Dsocial investment principle
Información
- Descripción
- Psychology 150 Test sobre CHAPTER 7, creado por J P el 04/12/2017.
- Autor
- J P
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 14
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