Test
Intro to SOC CLEP Test Practice Questions
Preguntas del test (97)
1All of the following are example of voluntary associations EXCEPT the
- ARepublican Party
- BLeague of Women Voters
- CFederal Bureau of Investigation
- DFirst Baptist Church of Atlanta
- ELittle League Baseball Association
2A sex ratio of 120 means that in a population there are
- A120 more males than females
- B120 more females than males
- C120 males for every 100 females
- D120 females for every 100 males
- E12% more males than females
3Industrialization is most likely to reduce the importance of which of the following functions of the family?
- AEconomic production
- BCare of young children
- CRegulation of sexual behavior
- DSocialization of the individual
- ESocial control
4The process by which an individual learns how to live in his or her social surroundings is known as
- Aamalgamation
- Bassociation
- Ccollective behavior
- Dsocialization
- Einnovation
5Which of the following can properly be considered norms?
I. Laws
II. Folkways
III. Mores- AI only
- BIII only
- CI and II only
- DII and III only
- EI, II, and III
6Which of the following theorists argued that class conflict was inevitable in a capitalistic society and would result in revolution?
- AC. Wright Mills
- BKarl Marx
- CRobert Park
- DMax Weber
- EKarl Mannheim
7Which of the following relies most heavily on sampling methods?
- ASmall group experiment
- BLaboratory experiment
- CParticipant observation
- DSurvey research
- ECase study
8Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the Chicago School of Sociology
- AThey studies urban neighborhoods in the city of Chicago.
- BThey were influenced by Herbert Spencer and Fredric Clements.
- CThey used ethnography and field methods in their research.
- DTalcott Parsons was a proponent of the school.
- EThey were most influential during the twentieth century.
9Which of the following allows human beings to adapt to diverse physical environments?
- AInstinct
- BHeredity
- CCulture
- DStratification
- EEthnocentrism
10All of the following are properties of primary groups EXCEPT
- AThey are important sources of social support.
- BThey tend to be ethnocentric.
- CThey significantly influence personality development.
- DThey tend to be large in number.
- EThey are frequently characterized by face-to-face relationships.
11According to Émile Durkheim, a society that lacks clear-cut norms to govern aspirations and moral conduct is characterized by
- Arationalism
- Balturism
- Cegoism
- Dsecularism
- Eanomie
12The process bu which an immigrant or an ethnic minority is absorbed socially into a receiving society is called
- Aassimilation
- Baccommodation
- Ccooperation
- Dinteraction
- Eequilibrium
13The term "Sociology" was coined by its founder, the nineteenth-century positivist
- AÉmile Durkheim
- BAuguste Comte
- CMax Weber
- DHarriet Martineau
- EGeorge Herbert Mead
14According to Émile Durkheim, the more homogenous a group the great its
- Aorganic solidarity
- Bmechanical solidarity
- Cfunctional differentiation
- Dco-optation
- Estratification
15Demographic patterns have clearly demonstrated that more males than females are born in
- Atechnologically developing countries only
- Btechnologically developed countries only
- Cvirtually every known human society
- Dhighly urbanized countries only
- Ecountries with high nutritional standards only
16Max Weber's three dimensions of social stratification are which of the following?
- AClass, politics, education
- BPrestige, politics, occupation
- CResidence, occupation, religion
- DStatus, class, power
- EStatus, religion, prestige
17The term "SMSA" used in the United States census refers to a
- Asummary of many small areas
- Bstatistical mean of sampling error
- Csummary of metropolitan shopping areas
- Dstandard measure of suburban areas
- Estandard metropolitan statistical area
18In order for an occupation to be considered a profession by a sociologist, it must be an occupation that
- Ais based on abstract knowledge and a body of specialized information
- Bhas high public visibility in the community
- Crequires training form a specialized school rather than from a university
- Dserves government and industry as well as individuals
- Eis a full0time position with a regular salary
19In the study of social class, a sociologist would be LEAST likely to focus on
- Apower
- Bsocial mobility
- Cstyle of life
- Dmotivation
- Eoccupational status
20An example of a folkway in American society is
- Ajoining a religious cult
- Beating a sandwich for lunch
- Cfailing to pay income taxes on time
- Dstopping for a red light
- Ebeing fined for jaywalking
21Socialization takes place
- Aonly in childhood
- Bmainly in adolescence
- Cmainly in early adulthood
- Dmainly through the reproductive years
- Ethroughout the life cycle
22A school system that teachers children of different ethnic groups in the children's own language and about their own particular ethnic heritage illustrates a policy of
- Astructural assimilation
- Bcultural assimilation
- Caccommodation
- Drationalization
- Eethnocentrism
23Max Weber linked the emergence of capitalism to the
- ACalvinist doctrine of predestination
- BCatholic monks' belief in asceticism
- CProtestants' desire for material luxuries
- Dincreasing power of the nobility in medieval Europe
- EHindu belief in reincarnation
24The economy of the postindustrial United States is characterized by al of the following EXCEPT
- Acomputer-facilitated automation
- Brelocation of manufacturing plants to less-developed countries
- Cinternational competition in the manufacturing sector of the economy
- Dincreasing numbers of service compared to manufacturing jobs
- Eincreased job security due to globalization
25Which statement about political participation in the United States is true?
- AAlmost everyone of voting age in the United States is registered to vote.
- BVoter turnout in the United States is lower than in most European nations.
- CVoter turnout has increased dramatically in the last twenty years.
- DPeople of higher social class tend to participate less in voting than lower social classes.
- EYounger adults are more likely to vote the those over 65.
26Which of the following is best described as an organized sphere of social life, or societal subsystem, designed to support important values and to meet human needs?
- ASocial structure
- BSocial organization
- CSocial institution
- DSocial culture
- EEconomic corporation
27Most of the funding for public schools in the United States comes from
- Alottery revenues
- Bstate income taxes
- Clocal sales taxes
- Dlocal income taxes
- Elocal property taxes
28According to max Weber, authority derived from the understanding that individuals have clearly defined rights and duties to uphold and that they implement rules and procedures impersonally is
- Atraditional authority
- Bcharismatic authority
- Crational-legal authority
- Dcoercion
- Epersuasion
29Raw materials are processed and covered into finished goods in which sector of the economy?
- AAgricultural
- BIndustrial
- CPublic
- DService
- EInformation
30In the United States, economic growth between 1985 and 2005 resulted in
- Agrowth in the gap between the rich and poor
- Ba narrowing of the gap between the rich and the poor
- Cno change in the gap between the rich and the poor
- Dgrowth in the economic gap between men and women
- Eno change in the economic gap between men and women
31Within the scientific perspective, which of the following are the most important sources of knowledge?
- ACommon sense and tradition
- BEmpiricism and reason
- CAuthority and structure
- DParadigms and intuition
- EExistentialism and reference groups
32Which of the following made up the largest number of immigrants to the United States in the 2000s?
- AMexicans
- BChinese
- CItalians
- DCanadians
- ERussians
33Compared to the Untied States population in general, Asian Americans have
- Alarger proportions of their populations in poverty
- Blower median family incomes
- Ca higher level of formal educational achievement
- Dfewer ties to their family's country of origin
- Ea lower proportion of first-generation immigrants
34In the world's economic system, which of the following is true about the relationship between high0income countries and low-income countries?
- AHigh-income countries depend on low-income countries to purchase natural resources from them.
- Bhigh-income countries build manufacturing plants in low-income countries to obtain cheap labor
- Chigh-income countries encourage the development of state-owned economic enterprises in low-income countries
- Dhigh-income countries are more likely than low-income countries to have an agriculturally based economy
- Ehigh-income countries have less-diversified sources of income
35Sociological studies of gender socialization show that
- Agirls' games are more likely than boys' games to encourage assertive behaviors
- Bgirls' games are more likely than boys' games to emphasize strict observance of rules
- Cgirls are more likely than boys to learn to suppress emotions of sadness
- Dgirls are more likely to engage in competitive play and boys in cooperative play
- Egirls are less likely than boys to receive attention form teachers
36The increase in prejudice that sometimes resulted from court-ordered desegregation in public schools is a
- Amanifest function of desegregation
- Blatent dysfunction of desegregation
- Cfunctional alternative to desegregation
- Dsecondary function of desegregation
- Erational exchange for desegregation
37The practice of judging other culture by the standards of one's own culture is called
- Aethnocentrism
- Bcultural relativism
- Ccultural integration
- Dtransference
- Emulticulturalism
38In Gesellschaft, people are more likely than in Gemeinschaft to
- Ahave frequently face-to-face contact with those they know
- Bsee others as a means of advancing their own individual goals
- Cbe inside by primary group bonds
- Dhave altruistic concerns for others
- Ebe tradition-directed
39Demographic transition theory explains population changes by
- Aconnecting them exclusively to changes in the food supply
- Blinking population changes to technological development
- Cfocusing on the migration of people in and out of specified territories
- Dtying population growth to changes in the sex ratio
- Ereferring to a culture's religious attitudes
40Which theory assumes that deviance occurs among individuals who are blocked from achieving socially approved goals by legitimate means?
- AHirschi's social control theory
- BLabeling theory
- CMerton's strain theory
- DDifferential association theory
- ECultural transmission theory
41Sandra is female, she is African American, and she is sixteen years of age. These three characteristics are examples of Sandra's
- Arole set
- Bcultural roles
- Cachieved statuses
- Dascribed statues
- Emobility aspirations
42Cooley called a person's self0conception based on the responses of others
- Athe divided self
- Bself0esteem
- Cthe concrete operational stage
- Dthe looking-glass self
- Ethe "I" and "me"
43The philosopher Thomas Hobbes believed that social order developed out of the
- Arecognition of the transcendent power of God
- Bbiological need for humans to reproduce
- Cdesire to escape a state of continuous social conflict
- Ddiscovery of agriculture
- Ereaction to the industrial revolution
44Max Weber's principle of verstehen was meant to
- Aexplain the subjective beliefs that motivate people to act
- Bdetermine how society is dysfunctionally organized
- Cfocus on the inequality in society
- Dsearch for the social structures that fulfill people's needs
- Eidentify the patterns of exchange among individuals or groups
45According to sociological terminology, an analysis of the amount of violence in mass media, such as television shows, would be which of the following?
- AContent analysis
- BSecondary analysis
- CQuasi-experiment
- DParticipant observation
- EEthnographic interview
46Which of the following is true of social norms for the structure of marriage?
- AThey have consistently required monogamy across all periods of history and cross-culturally around the globe.
- BThey have favored polyandry in those societies wanting to increase their birth rate.
- CThey have frequently held polygyny as the societal ideal, although this pattern was functionally available to and practiced primarily by the most wealthy and powerful.
- DThey have no impact in democratic societies, since democracies allow individuals to choose their own form of marriage.
- EThey are based on the ideal of gender equality.
47In the past 30 years, the infant mortality rate in the United States has
- Aremained about the same as in other industrialized countries
- Bdeclined for African American people but not for Caucasian people
- Cdeclined amount Caucasian people, while increasing among African American people
- Ddeclined amount Caucasian people, while remaining stable among African American people
- Edeclined amount both African American people and Caucasian people, while remaining twice as high amount African American people
48In the United States, semiskilled positions held primarily by women, such as waitperson, cashier, and receptionist, are known as which type of occupation?
- ABlue-collar
- BPink-collar
- CWhite-collar
- DNonpatriarchal
- EMatriarchal
49Tamara worked as a waitress for five years after high school before she went to college. After college, Tamara got a job as a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. This best exemplifies which of the following types of mobility?
- AIntergenerational
- BIntragenerational
- CUnilateral
- DHorizontal
- EStructural
50The concept of "glass ceiling" affecting women in the workforce is best illustrated by which of the following?
- AThe instability of female-dominated jobs
- BThe pay inequality between men and women for comparable jobs
- CThe breakdown of gender stereotypes in the job market
- DThe instability of marriages for women who are successful in the workforce
- EThe barriers that limit career advancement for women
51Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding patriarchy?
- AIt is a form of political organization in which the state assumes paternal responsibility for citizens.
- BIt is a form of social organization in which one's kinship lineage is traced through the family of the mother.
- CIt is a form of social organization in which males control most formal and informal power.
- DIt is found only in those societies that practice polyandry.
- EIt is not found in those societies that practice polygyny.
52Which of the following distinguished a crime from a deviant act?
- AThe degree of harm caused by the act
- BThe numbers of people who disapprove of the act
- CThe definition of the act as criminal by a political entity
- DThe social status of the person who committed the act
- EThe social status of the person who is harmed by the act
53A collection of people who happen to be walking down the street at the same time but who have nothing else in common is known as
- Aa social movement
- Ba social category
- Can aggregate
- Da primary group
- Ea secondary group
54"This may sound really strange, but..."
The statement above is an example of- Aa disclaimer
- Ban account
- Can excuse
- Da justification
- Ea concession
55Nathan wants to study the behavior of city residents as they travel on the subway to work every day. What type of research would be most appropriate for Nathan's research project?
- AExperimental research
- BField research
- CContent analysis
- DSecondary analysis
- ESurvey method
56Which of the following is true of a dependent variable?
- AIt is spurious
- BIt is influenced by another variable
- CIt is manipulated
- DIt causes other variables to increase
- EIt is used to draw a sample from a population
57Which of the following is an example of an informal positive sanction?
- AMarguerite receives a bronze medal for gymnastics at the Olympics.
- BHank is awarded a high school diploma by the school board.
- CHalle receives a million dollars for her performance in a move.
- DDanisha receive a new car from her parents when she scores 1600 on the SAT.
- EWilliam is sentences to one year of community service and a $5,000 fine for shoplifting.
58In general, females perform better than males do on tests of
- Ageneral intelligence
- Bverbal ability
- Cvisual-spatial ability
- Dscientific information
- Emathematics
59Ken works on an assembly line in a paper factory in the midwestern United States. He believes that if he works hard enough, he will become very wealthy. According to Karl Marx, Ken's belief reflects which of the following?
- AFalse consciousnesses
- BClass consciousness
- CCollective consciousness
- DThe castes system
- ERational choice
60Which of the following terms refers to something that has an unexpected detrimental effect on social institutions or society?
- ASecret function
- BMainfest function
- CManifest dysfunction
- DLatent function
- ELatent dysfunction
61Which of the following terms refers to a philosophical system under which knowledge of the world and human behavior is derived from scientific observation in search of universal laws?
- ATheology
- BDeterminism
- CPositivism
- DPhenomenology
- EMetaphysics
62Mrs. Jones has a parent-teacher meeting scheduled at the school where she teachers. The meeting is scheduled at the same time as her daughter's piano recital. Mrs. Jones will have to decide how to judge the contradictory expectations of teacher and parent. This situation is referred to as
- Arole strain
- Brole conflict
- Cstatus conflict
- Dstatus set
- Erole set
63Which of the following would most likely be an agent of involuntary resocialization?
- AMass media
- BAn institution of higher education
- CA peer group
- DA total institution
- EThe family
64All of the following characteristics are commonly attributed to postmodern culture EXCEPT
- Amoral relativism
- Bskepticism toward traditional authority
- Cgrowing tolerance of diversity
- Dloss of faith in absolutes
- Eadherence to traditional gender roles
65Joe is on trail for sealing drugs. He looks very different from when he was arrested, he has washed, cut, and combed his hair, and is wearing a clean, conservative suit and tie at the trial. Joe is engaged in
- Adysfunctional behavior
- Baltruism
- Cimpression management
- Dexchange
- Eanticipatory socialization
66A characteristic of a triad is that it
- Ais prone ot coalition formation
- Ballows more power per member than a dyad
- Cis the smallest type of group
- Dcan develop the strongest relationships
- Ehas little impact on human behavior
67Laura is conducting an experiment to determine the effect of caffeine on wakefulness. She gives half of her subjects a caffeinated beverage to drink. These subjects are the
- Acontrol group
- Bexperimental group
- Cindependent variable
- Ddependent variable
- Estudy population
68The claim that the division of labor based on gender has survived because it is beneficial and efficient for human living is an example of
- Astructural functionalism
- Bconflict theory
- Cethnomethodology
- Dsymbolic interactionism
- Ephenomenology
69Communities that form adjacent to central cities are called
- Asecondary groups
- Bsuburbs
- Cneighborhoods
- Dexurbs
- Edevelopment zones
70According to world-systems theory, the global system is primarily
- Apolitical
- Bmilitary
- Csocial
- Deconomic
- Ecultural
71Some sociologists view the family as an economic unit that contributes to social injustice because it is the basis for transferring power, property, and privilege from one generation to the next. Which of the following perspectives best describes that view?
- AInteractionist
- BExchange
- CStructural functionalist
- DConflict
- ERational choice
72Which of the following types of societies is least differentiated?
- AHorticultural
- BPastoral
- CHunting and gathering
- DAgricultural
- EIndustrial
73Which of the following sociologists asserted that race is the most serious problems in the United States?
- AKarl Marx
- BMax Weber
- CHarriet Martineau
- DJane Addams
- EW.E.B. DuBois
74The early Chicago School researchers found that even though immigration changed the racial and ethnic composition of some areas of the city over time, the rates of crime in those areas remained relatively high. Which of the following interpretations of this finding is most consistent with the Chicago's School's social disorganization perspective?
- APolice deployment practices failed to control crime.
- BPolice were biased against immigrants.
- CImmigrants did not have legitimate means to achieve their goals.
- DImmigrants were labeled as criminals even when their actions were not illegal.
- ENeighborhood social institutions were ineffective at preventing crime.
75Societies that are postindustrial are distinguished from industrial ones by
- Aan economy based largely on manufacturing
- Ba universal return to traditional cultural values
- Cthe political power of people with low asset levels
- Dthe predominance of knowledge-based service industries
- Ethe promotional expansion of the agriculture sector of the economy
76Two basic premised that underline capitalism are that
- Aindividuals pursue their desired occupations, and society rewards diligent workers
- Bthe free market demands more elaborate products over the years, and skill and hard work allow laborers to meet that demand
- Cmajority rule must be maintained for the free market to function properly, and individuals who desire wealth and prestige work hard
- Dsocietal profits are distributed to each person according to need, and each person's skills determine his or her role in the workforce
- Egoods are produced for profit, and the free market determines what is produced and at what price
77Approximately what percent of the people in the United States line in metropolitan areas?
- A45%
- B50%
- C65%
- D85%
- E95%
78Which of the following best describes what sociologists of education mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum?
- AThe manifest results of education
- BThe unintended consequence of schooling
- CDelayed transmission of knowledge
- DThe formal curriculum
- EMiscommunication between teacher and student
79A sociologist of religion who studies secularization is interested in which of the following?
- AThe increasing prevalence of religious cults in a society
- BA society that changes form having a few religious practices to many religious practices
- CThe development of more extreme religious practices in a society
- DA society that changes form closely identifying with nonreligious values to closely identifying with religious values
- EA society that changes form closely identifying with religious values to closely identifying with nonreligious values
80The practice in which a woman is married to two or more men at the same time is known as
- Amonogamy
- Bpolygyny
- Cpolyandry
- Dserial monogamy
- Epatriarchy
81Which of the following theorists is most associated with structural functionalism?
- AKarl Marx
- BMax Weber
- CRandall Collins
- DHerbert Blumer
- EÉmile Durkheim
82Impression management is exhibited by a college student who
- Aaces an exam after forgetting to study for it
- Banticipates graduating and getting a job
- Cexpects to do well on an exam and ends up doing so
- Danticipates linking a course and stops going to class
- Ecleans the dorm room in preparation for Parent's Weekend
83As a nurse, Rex works to respect and fulfill the different values, beliefs, and behaviors of his patients. Which of the following is Rex practicing?
- ACultural competence
- BEthnocentrism
- CAlienation
- DCultural lag
- EAssimilation
84Which of the following levels of racial-ethnic relations is best exemplified by the 2008 election of President Barack Obama?
- AAssimiliation
- BCultural transmission
- CInternal colonialism
- DAccommodation
- ESegregation
85Which of the following approaches to stratification is most likely to suggest that, as a society becomes more stratified, it prevents the talents of those at the bottom from being known or used and thus potentially fails to benefit form the contributions of all its members?
- AInteractionist
- BConflict
- CPostmodernist
- DDemographic
- EStructural functionalist
86A society in which women have more wealth, privilege, and political power than men have is said to be experiencing which of the following?
- Agender equality
- BGender-role reversal
- CGender stratification
- DGender expectations
- EGender dissonance
87An advertisement for men's cologne depicts a woman as a pair of legs. This is an example of
- Aobjectification
- Bsubjectification
- Cmisrepresentation
- Dcharacterization
- Eminimization
88According to Émile Durkheim, religion is characterized by a dichotomy between
- Agood and evil
- Bworship and blasphemy
- Cthe sacred and the profane
- Dbelievers and nonbelievers
- Ethe profound and the banal
89James's family disapproves of his marriage to Juanita because she is from a different social class. Which of the following best describes James's family's marriage practices?
- AExogamy
- BEndogamy
- CMonogamy
- DHomogamy
- EPolygamy
90Which of the following social practices is associated with overall lower divorce rates?
- AGetting married after the age of 30
- BValuing individualism strongly
- CInteracting with extended family members infrequently
- DHaving a high participation of females in the labor-force
- ELIving in regions with more women than men
91When all members of a country belong to a single religion and that religion is considered the official religion for the country, the religion is referred to as
- Aan ecclesia
- Ba denomination
- Ca sect
- Da cult
- Ean alternative religion
92In An Essay on the Principles of Population, Thomas Malthus argues that
- Ahuman population and food production grow at about the same rate
- Bfood production always grows faster than human population growth
- Chuman population grows exponentially while food production grows linearly
- Dfamines tend to be causes by problems in food distribution rather than food production
- Efree market in farmland would encourage the development of productive agricultural technologies
93Marxist sociological theory attributes social stratification to
- Aan innate human tendency toward greed
- Bpolitical disagreements over ideology
- Cprivate ownership of the means of production
- Ddisparities in ability and talent between different individuals
- Evariation in the functional importance of occupational positions
94Which of the following factors currently has the strongest influence on individual income?
- ARace
- BGender
- CAttractiveness
- DInherited social class
- ELevel of educational attainment
95Elizabeth last her home, her job, and all of her material possessions during an economic downturn. As a result, she experiences which of the following types of mobility?
- AVertical
- BMeritocratic
- CHorizontal
- DExchange
- EIntergenerational
96Which of the following is most likely to slow the world's population growth?
- AElevating the cost of childbirth
- BRaising all nations out of poverty
- CDenying medical care to sick people over the age of 65
- DRequiring all teens to take abstinence-only sex education classes
- EEncouraging adherence to traditional religious authorities throughout the world
97Which of the following views stratification as being developed and maintained through everyday interactions?
- AFeminist theory
- BLabeling theory
- CDependency theory
- DStructural functionalism
- ESymbolic interactionism
Información
- Descripción
- These are the questions provided by the College Board as CLEP study questions
- Autor
- Andy Putman
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 59
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test