Test
Teaching and Learning
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Preguntas del test (100)
1The "art vs. science" issue in teaching is probably best answered by the statement that teaching requires
- Alearned skills and creativity.
- Bimagination and, therefore, is an art.
- Cthe ability to learn and apply specific rules.
- Dthe use of scientific methods.
2A case study is an investigation of
- Apeople from one geographic area.
- Bone person or group over a specific period of time.
- Ca small group of people with similar backgrounds.
- Ddifferent groups of people over a period of time.
3Reflective teachers are best described by the following phrase:
- Athoughtful and inventive.
- Bmaintaining class discipline.
- Cuse of scientific methods.
- Dadapt instruction and assessment to students’ needs.
4According to the law No Child Left Behind
- Aresearch is not important for improving schools.
- Binitial hypotheses about education which have not been tested can still improve educational practices.
- Cmandates all teachers must conduct a research project on an annual basis.
- Dschools who receive federal funds must be consistent with "scientifically based research."
5A positive correlation between two factors indicates that the factors
- Aare NOT necessarily related.
- Bare strongly related.
- Cdecrease proportionately.
- Dtend to increase or decrease together.
6Use of the "common as sense" approach to teaching is viewed by educational psychologists
- Ainappropriate unless supported by research.
- Bappropriate in most circumstances.
- Cmore reliable than scientific judgments.
- Dthe main factor that differentiates experts from novices.
7Which one of the following is an example of maturation?
- ALosing weight due to exercise.
- BGaining weight from age two to age three.
- CLosing weight during a brief illness.
- DLearning which foods produce the most weight.
8A correlation study indicates that teachers' interest in teaching and the amount of the
day their students are engaged in learning correlate at +0.46. This coefficient would indicate that- Aas teacher interest decreases, engaged time increases.
- Bas teacher interest increases, engaged time tends to increase.
- Cinterest in teaching leads to a large increase in engaged time.
- Dthere is virtually NO relationship between the two variables.
9The last part of the brain to develop fully is the
- Acerebellum.
- Bcerebral cortex.
- Cthalamus.
- Dfrontal lobe.
10Ethnography is an investigation of
- Alife within a group and tries to understand the meaning of events to the people involved.
- Ba small group of people with similar backgrounds.
- Ca group of people over a specific period of time.
- Dpeople from one geographic area.
11Axons transmit
- Ainformation to muscles, glands, or other neurons.
- Binformation to blood cells.
- Cinformation to the neuron cells themselves.
- Dinformation to the heart and lungs.
12Messages sent by releasing chemicals that jump across synapses involve
- Atransformations.
- Blateralization.
- Cneurons.
- Dmyelination.
13When a result from a research project involving an experimental design is reported in the literature as significant, this result
- Ais unlikely to have occurred by chance.
- Bcontradicts the prevailing theoretical views.
- Cis unrelated to theory development
- Dwill indicate its practical importance.
14Social development entails
- Achanges over time in the ways we relate to others.
- Bgenetically programmed, naturally occurring changes over time
- Cgradual orderly changes by which mental processes become more complex and sophisticated.
- Dchanges in personality that take place as one grows.
15Which one of the following is the clearest example of Piaget's concept of assimilation?
- ALearning that a green light means "go" and a red light means "stop."
- BLearning to paint with a new type of brush.
- CLooking at teachers as they lecture.
- DLooking at a worm and thinking that it is a snake.
16Which one of the following is the clearest example of Piaget's concept of accommodation?
- ALearning that a green light means "go" and a red light means "stop."
- BLooking at teachers as they lecture.
- CDrinking juice from a box package if you are used to drink it from a bottle.
- DLooking at a worm and thinking that it is a snake.
17A preoperational child's belief that a tall, narrow glass contains more liquid than a short, wide glass is probably due to difficulties in
- Aegocentrism.
- Bserration.
- Cdecentering.
- Dobject permanence.
18Janie was having some difficulty deciding how to organize her defence for the debate competition. She prepared several hypothetical arguments that her opponents might raise, and how she might reply. What cognitive stage of Piaget's theory does this account best illustrate?
- APreoperational thought.
- BSensorimotor.
- CConcrete operations.
- DFormal operations.
19According to Robbie Case, cognitive development in one domain of thought
- Acannot be explained by assimilation and accommodation.
- Bis similar from one domain to another.
- Ctransfers from one domain to another.
- Ddiffers from one domain to another.
20The role of "private speech" in Vygotsky's view is to
- Aguide one's activities in solving a problem.
- Bcall attention to oneself during play.
- Cencourage children to learn new words.
- Dstimulate the development of language from simple words to full sentences.
21The best way to determine what cognitive stage a person has reached is by
- Ainterpreting the person's scores on a mental ability test.
- Bknowing the person's age
- Cknowing the person's rate of development.
- Dobserving how the person solves problems.
22Indicate the statement that is not true for the pre operational child
- AThe child is able to recognise the logical stability of the physical world.
- BThe child can think backward, from the end to the beginning.
- CThe child has difficulty to consider more than one aspect of a situation at a time.
- DThe child does not understand object permanence.
23The research of Luis Moll in Arizona has focused on the cultural "funds of knowledge", which include
- Athe knowledge the families and communities have that can become the basis for teaching.
- Blearning environments that require students to work on their own.
- Clearning activities funded under the law No Child Left Behind.
- Dlearning activities that require the use of a computer.
24The school and the neighbourhood first become highly important influences during what Eriksonian stage?
- AIndustry vs. inferiority
- BAutonomy vs. shame
- CGenerativity vs. stagnation
- DIntimacy vs. isolation
2525) Ever since Maida was a child, her parents talked about the possibility of her becoming a doctor. They bought her chemistry sets and equipment, such as stethoscopes and tongue depressors. When Maida entered college, she enrolled in the pre-medical program without even considering other options. According to James Marcia, Maida is exhibiting identity
- Aforeclosure.
- Bachievement.
- Ciffusion.
- Dmoratorium.
26The term "blended family" refers to a family that
- Aconsists of a working mother and father and their children.
- Bgets along well together, including parents and children.
- Cincludes grandparents as well as parents and children living together.
- Dincludes stepbrothers and stepsisters living together with perhaps one or more siblings.
27Which one of the following symptoms of child abuse is a behavioural rather than a physical indicator of child abuse?
- AAbandonment by parents.
- BFrequent absence or tardiness.
- CConsistent lack of supervision.
- DUnattended medical needs.
28Erikson interprets development from the perspective of what theory?
- APsychosexual
- BPsychosomatic
- CPsychosocial
- DSociocultural
29What does a conflict such as initiative vs. guilt represent in Erikson's theory?
- AA developmental crisis.
- BCognitive dissonance
- CDisequilibration.
- DEquilibration.
30The difference between self-concept and self-esteem is that
- Aself-concept is an affective reaction while self-esteem is a cognitive structure.
- Bself-concept is a cognitive structure while self-esteem is an affective reaction.
- Cself-esteem is a general concept while self-concept is specific to a given situation.
- Dthere is actually little or no difference between self-esteem and self-concept.
31Research suggests that the relationship between self-esteem and success in school is a
- Acausal relationship
- Bnegative relationship.
- Czero relationship.
- Dpositive relationship.
32Frank said, "If I were starving, I'd steal a loaf of bread, but it would be wrong and against the law." What level of moral reasoning does Frank demonstrate?
- ANonconventional
- BConventional
- CPreconventional
- DPostconventional
33What is the important base for moral reasoning in both women and men, according to relevant research?
- AEmphasis on justice.
- BImportance of equality.
- CConcern for caring and justice.
- DSympathy for others.
34Terman's classic study found that children who are gifted tend to be
- Aless athletic than their peers.
- Blarger and stronger as adults than their peers.
- Cless socially skilled than their peers.
- Dteachers' pets.
35A teacher who knows how to effectively use cooperative learning in his or her classroom is demonstrating
- Acrystallized intelligence
- Bnaturalist intelligence
- Cspeed of processing.
- Dlinguistic intelligence.
36All children in Ms. Gray's math class can now solve subtraction problems, but Larry does them much more quickly and efficiently than most of his classmates. Sternberg would call this
- Aflexibility.
- Binsight
- Cmeta-components.
- Dautomaticity.
37Compared to individual ability tests, a major limitation of group ability tests is that group tests
- Aprovide a measure of general, but not specific, abilities.
- Bare less likely to produce an accurate picture of a person's abilities.
- Ctake much more skill on the part of the teacher to administer and interpret.
- Dare more expensive to administer and more difficult to interpret than individual ability tests.
38Woolfolk's position on the issue of labelling exceptional students is that such practices
- Aare clearly detrimental and should not be continued
- Bare far more beneficial than harmful and definitely need to be continued.
- Chave both positive and negative effects and need to be exercised cautiously.
- Dshould be used only with physical handicaps that do not affect mental or emotional functioning
39Most psychologists today believe that intelligence is influenced
- Aabout 75 percent by heredity and 25 percent by environment.
- Babout 25 percent by heredity and 75 percent by environment
- Cabout equally by heredity and environment
- Dminimally by both heredity and environment.
40An IEP is a written plan for a specific student's education, and it must include
- Acareer goals.
- Bneeded transitional services.
- Cspecific educational goals.
- Dspecific educational goals, current functioning level, and career goals.
41Hyperactivity can be most accurately described as a
- Avariable set of conditions with differing sets of causes.
- Bdisease characterized by excessive nervousness.
- Cneurological disorder causing short attention span.
- Dvariable set of conditions with a single cause.
42Recent research has indicated that acceleration of students who are gifted
- Ais related to lower achievement.
- Bhas been unnecessarily discouraged in the past.
- Cresults in poor social and emotional adjustment.
- Drobs students of the companionship of their age group.
43Which one of the following behaviours is an example of an articulation disorder?
- ASaying "wike" for "like"
- BRepeating a word several times in an utterance.
- CSpeaking in an inappropriate pitch.
- DSpeaking too slowly or too rapidly.
44Which one of the following students BEST illustrates the concept of learned
helplessness as an explanation for failure by low socioeconomic status children?- ATrina seeks help from her older sister in completing practically all of her homework assignments.
- BBrook never volunteers an answer, but hopes that the teacher will call on her.
- CMichael decides that he has no chance of passing the seventh grade or even completing school successfully.
- DJosh will only compete against smaller children while playing sports after school.
45Stereotyping refers to
- Aa schema that organizes knowledge or perceptions about a category.
- Bunfair treatment of particular categories of people.
- Cbiological differences.
- Dprejudgment or irrational generalisation about an entire category of people.
46Which one of the following quotations MOST clearly represents the concept of stereotyping?
- A"Boys should line up to the right and girls to the left."
- B"People from that region just aren't ambitious."
- C"If he's one of your friends, tell him not to apply."
- D"Matthew just doesn't seem interested in spelling."
47In order to reduce the possible negative stereotypes about students who speak a different dialect, teachers should
- Apromote "heritage" English rather than "formal" English for all students.
- Baccept students' dialects as a valid and correct language system, but teach standard English as well.
- Cexpect to find more homonyms in the students' language than usual
- Dfocus on teaching "standard" or "formal" English to all students.
48Behavioural theories of learning emphasize
- Aobservable actions.
- Bdevelopment.
- Cnature over nurture.
- Dthinking.
49In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus must be
- Ain a contiguous relationship.
- Bdependent upon reward.
- Cequivalent stimuli.
- Din a noncontiguous relationship.
50Which of the following illustrations is characteristic of a culturally compatible classroom?
- AMr. Denver gave each biology student the same laboratory worksheet in order to determine what misconceptions in handling a microscope could be identified.
- BMr. Buhr regularly demonstrated the correct procedures for borrowing school materials during his homeroom period.
- CMs. Hayes assigned an article on euthanasia for her social studies class to read prior to their exam, although the topic had not been discussed.
- DMs. Rosen organized her English class into homogeneous groups during small group discussions.
51The law of “effect in the theory of learning” is related to the concept of
- Aconsequences.
- Bantecedents.
- Cpatterns.
- Dpunishments.
52Removing an aversive stimulus to increase the frequency of behaviour exemplifies
- Apositive reinforcement.
- Bpresentation punishment.
- Cnegative reinforcement.
- Dremoval punishment.
53Sally turns on the water faucet to get a drink. What schedule of reinforcement typically prevails?
- AContinuous
- BFixed-interval
- CVariable-interval
- DVariable-ratio
54Persistence in responding is increased by what type of reinforcement schedule?
- AFixed
- BInterval
- CRatio
- DVariable
55The teacher says to Marty, "Good job," but frowns as he looks at her. According to O'Leary and O'Leary, the teacher's praise is NOT
- Acontingent.
- Bidentified with the behaviour
- Csalient.
- Dbelievable.
56Shaping is an appropriate method for developing new behaviour when
- Aperformance is otherwise too poor to gain reinforcement.
- Bno appropriate reinforcers can be found.
- Cstudents are capable of the behaviour but seldom perform it.
- Dthere is no one available to model the appropriate behaviour.
57Top-down processing is distinguished by its reliance on a(n)
- Aassembly of elements into a meaningful pattern.
- Bdownward scanning of the eyes.
- Cunderstanding of the context of a situation.
- Dsearch for familiar features or elements.
58Cliff is good at solving math problems, but has difficulty solving problems in his computer class. His problem-solving ability in math represents what type of knowledge?
- AConditional
- BDomain-specific
- CDeclarative
- DProcedural
59Shaping, as a method to encourage behaviour, refers to the following:
- AReinforcing each small step of progress toward a desired goal of behaviour.
- BSmall components that make up a complex behaviour.
- CThe use of cueing to help establish new behaviours.
- DPracticing correct responses immediately after errors.
60The Good Behaviour Game is based on the application of
- Acontingency contracts.
- Bpeer tutoring.
- Cprimary reinforcers.
- Dgroup consequences.
61Compared to the behaviouristic orientation, the cognitive perspective recognizes people as what type of learners?
- AEgocentric
- BPassive
- CSocial
- DActive
62When you mention "dogs," both Bethany and Ashley would picture collies. In relation to the concept "dog," what would the image of a collie be?
- APrototype
- BAlgorithm
- CAttribute
- DHeuristic
63Based on studies of context, in what location would a student be likely to perform best on an educational psychology test?
- AIn a familiar room such as a dorm room
- BIn a small comfortable room with soft music playing
- CIn a very quiet area, such as a library
- DIn an educational psychology classroom
64Metacognition deals with knowledge about our own
- Acognitive development.
- Bcognitive stage.
- Cthinking processes.
- Dmemory capacities.
65Items can typically be stored in working memory for approximately how long?
- AAbout 20 seconds
- BA day
- COne minute
- DOne week
66You are given a math problem to solve. As you try to remember the formula involved, what memory system is being searched?
- ASchematic
- BSensory register
- CLong-term semantic
- DWorking procedural
67Because memories are organized in propositional networks, recall of one bit of information often
- Ablocks the recall of other information.
- Bleads to the integration of organized patterns.
- Crequires specific, external memory cues.
- Dleads to recall of another bit of information.
68The main difficulty that occurs when students are too quick to decide what a problem asks is that they may
- Aactivate an inappropriate schema.
- Bbecome too reflective.
- Cexperience overgeneralization.
- Drely on heuristics instead of algorithms to solve it.
69Sgt. York couldn't get a shot at the enemy, who was keeping his head down in a foxhole. "Why, he's acting just like the turkeys back in Kentucky!" Sgt.York thought and yelled out his best turkey gobble. The enemy stuck up his head to see what the noise was and found a bullet. What cognition process did the sergeant use?
- ADeductive logic
- BOverlearning
- CAnalogical thinking
- DThe generate-test method
70Frank was supposed to push three wheelbarrows back to the barn, and he wasn't relishing the idea of three trips. Then in a flash he reorganized the problem. He loaded two wheelbarrows onto the third and made one trip. In doing this, he demonstrated
- Aflexibility.
- Binsight.
- Cfunctional fixedness.
- Dresponse set.
71Ms. Cricket gave a creative writing assignment on today's film. She allows 10 minutes today and 10 minutes tomorrow to work on it. What component of the creative process is she fostering?
- AAutomaticity
- BElaboration
- CFlexibility
- DRestructuring
72Josh's history teacher wants Josh to learn important events that occurred during the Civil War. What type of knowledge would be most directly involved in this learning?
- ADomain-specific declarative
- BConditional declarative
- CGeneral declarative
- DProcedural declarative
73Based on the serial-position effect, what group of letters of the alphabet should be the most difficult to remember for someone who is first learning the alphabet?
- AMNO
- BABC
- CXYZ
- DAll of the above groups should be of equal difficulty.
74Which one of the following critical thinking skills is involved in defining and clarifying a problem?
- AComparing differences and similarities.
- BDistinguishing between fact and opinion.
- CIdentifying unstated assumptions.
- DRecognizing different value systems and ideologies.
75Learning Latin to improve basic intelligence would possibly be inefficient due to
- Ageneral rather than specific transfer taking place.
- Bthe impracticality of disciplining mental processes.
- Cspecific rather than general transfer taking place
- Dthe irrelevance of the subject.
76Cheryl gets good grades in her language class but uses incorrect grammar and punctuation in her written work in other classes. This situation suggests a problem with
- Aassimilation.
- Btransfer.
- Cencoding
- Dintegration.
77Which one of the following transfer stages is NOT one of Gary Phyte's stages in developing strategic transfer of learning?
- AAcquisition phase
- BOverlearning phase
- CRetention phase
- DTransfer phase
78Constructivist views of learning are grounded in the research of
- Acurriculum designers.
- BGestalt psychologists.
- CPiaget and Vygotsky primarily.
- Dmany psychologists and educators.
79A structure for teaching, developed by Jerome Bruner, that introduces the fundamental structure of all subjects during the early school years and then revisits the subjects in increasingly more complex forms over time, is called what type of curriculum?
- AAdvanced
- BCultural
- Cspiral
- DVicarious
80A learning approach in which we focus on a reason for sorting out ideas to solve the problem is called:
- Aproblem-based learning
- Binquiry learning
- Csituated learning
- Danchored instruction.
81Cognitive apprenticeship refers to:
- AConcept mapping vs. information processing
- BFacts vs. concepts
- CA relationship in which a less experienced learner acquires knowledge and skills under the guidance of an expert
- DKnowledge vs. application
82Piaget's approach to learning is an example of what type of constructivism?
- ABoth externally and internally directed
- BExternally directed
- CInternally directed
- DLogically directed
83Cooperative learning involves the following:
- AElaboration, interpretation, and argumentation
- BShared values, lack of conflict, and creativity
- CCognitive flexibility, competition, and self-respect
- DExtrinsic rewards, elaboration, and autonomy
84Using instructional conversations as a teaching tool is designed to provide a means for
- Aarranging the environment so that students can discover on their own.
- Bgrappling with problems in students' zones of proximal development and providing scaffolding.
- Cguiding learning by expectations and demonstrations of the students.
- Dplacing students in situations where they have to reach for understanding.
85Mary, a student who cannot afford a computer is caught in the
- Amagic middle.
- Bdigital divide. (p338)
- Cparticipation structure.
- Dsemilingual.
86A social learning theory is a theory that:
- Aemphasizes learning through observation of others.
- Badds concern with cognitive factors such as beliefs, self-perceptions and expectations to social learning theory.
- Crefers to a person’s sense of being able to deal effectively with social circumstances.
- Dpropagates the capacity to coordinate learning skills, motivation and emotions to reach social skills.
87In organizing cooperative learning groups, Woolfolk suggests that it is best to
- Agroup students of similar backgrounds together.
- Bkeep groups together for at least half the year.
- Cmake shy or introverted students the group leader.
- Dbalance the number of boys and girls in each group
88Bandura challenged and expanded his early work on behavioural conceptions of learning by focusing on
- Aacquisition of knowledge.
- Bsocial learning theory.
- Cobservable performances.
- Dprinciples of reinforcement and punishment.
89Mr. Snow, the math teacher, asks parents to facilitate their child's self-regulation by
- Amodelling how to set specific goals.
- Brewarding only large improvements in math skills.
- Cencouraging the student not to engage in self-evaluation.
- Dlinking success to natural born abilities.
90Which one of the following statements is the most accurate definition of motivation?
- AAn inner state that causes a person to initiate an action
- BAn inner state that arouses, directs, and maintains a person’s behaviour
- CThe level of involvement a person has in a chosen activity
- DThe degree of persistence a person has toward completing an activity
91Being interested in a task because the activity is enjoyable is what type of motivation?
- AExtrinsic
- BIntrinsic
- CState
- DTrait
92The concept of self-determination is an important influence in what view of motivation?
- ABehavioural
- BCognitive
- CSocial learning
- DHumanistic
93The type of learning goal that a person will be most motivated to reach is one that is
- Ageneral in nature and moderately difficult.
- Bspecific and moderately difficult.
- Cgeneral in nature and very difficult.
- Dspecific and very difficult.
94Which one of the following quotes exemplifies a learning goal?
- A"If I master this material, I can have some free time."
- B"I'm going to go for the third assignment option, so that I can receive an A."
- C"Accomplishing this should make me better prepared for Biology 101."
- D"Jason will be impressed if I can learn this laboratory procedure."
95In Maslow's hierarchy, self-esteem is considered to be what type of need?
- ABeing
- BDeficiency
- CProficiency
- DSelf-actualization
96According to attribution theory, students who see the causes of their failures as internal and controllable will react to those failures by
- Afinding strategies to succeed the next time.
- Bassuming things will work out better in the future.
- Cberating themselves for their failure.
- Dexhibiting confusion and anxiety.
97Harry is apathetic and certain that he is not able to do the work. He makes poor marks in school and is not inclined to seek help. According to attribution theory, Harry is typical of students who attribute their failures to causes that are
- Ainternal, stable, and uncontrollable.
- Bexternal, stable, and controllable.
- Cexternal, unstable, and uncontrollable.
- Dinternal, stable, and controllable.
98Whenever Matt appears to be having difficulty in completing his science laboratory work, Ms. Butterfield quickly offers to help him and encourages him to continue working. According to Graham (1991), Ms. Butterfield's behaviour is likely to result in Matt developing
- Adoubts about his ability.
- Ban enhanced sense of self-efficacy.
- Can incremental view of his ability.
- Dexternal-unstable attributions.
99Cognitive evaluation theory explains how praise, criticism, grade assignments, and other events can influence students' intrinsic motivation by affecting their sense of competence and
- Acuriosity.
- Bself-control.
- Ctask orientation.
- Dself-determination.
100Which one of the following refers to ego-involved learners?
- AStudents who don’t want to learn or to look smart, but just want to avoid work.
- BStudents who have a wide variety of needs and motives to be connected to others.
- CStudents who focus on mastering the task or solving the problem.
- DStudents who focus on how well they are performing and how they are judged by others.
Información
- Descripción
- Teaching and Learning Test sobre Teaching and Learning, creado por Mariska Ferreira el 26/02/2019.
- Autor
- Mariska Ferreira
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 14
- Historial
- Creado el 26 feb 2019 · actualizado el 8 mar 2019
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test