Chapter 12- Flaviviridae

1. 1The Kozak consensus sequence is a [blank_start]purine[blank_end] at -3, and a [blank_start]guanine[blank_end] at +4, with an AUG sequence at +1.

   1. Apurine
   2. Bguanine
2. 2The [blank_start]40S[blank_end] ribosomal component scans 5' to 3' looking for AUG with a Kozak sequence

   1. A40S
3. 3There are multiple coding regions in eukaryotic messages.

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
4. 4Viruses can have polycistronic genomes, making it hard to encode for multiple proteins

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
5. 5[blank_start]subgenomic[blank_end] mRNAs are smaller virus genome-derived mRNAs.

   1. Asubgenomic
6. 6When you have a polycistronic viral genome, only the [blank_start]first[blank_end] open reading frame of the genome is going to be translated efficiently

   1. Afirst
7. 7The 3' end of the viral genome and subgenomic mRNA are [blank_start]coterminal[blank_end]

   1. Acoterminal
8. 8The subgenomic mRNA is only going to be found during infections.

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
9. 9The subgenomic mRNA is going to be made only until the viral genome is [blank_start]released[blank_end]

   1. Areleased
10. 10The 5' end of the sg mRNAs is located internally relative to the genome in the case of [blank_start]togaviruses[blank_end]

    1. Atogaviruses

11. 11The 5' end of the sg mRNA is located coterminally with the 5' end of the viral genome in the case of [blank_start]coronavirus[blank_end].

    1. Acoronavirus
12. 12The 5' ORF is repositioned to the 3' end of in the sg mRNA

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
13. 13The 3' ORF is repositioned to the 5' end of in the sg mRNA.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
14. 146 ways to solve the problem of multiple ORFs:
    1.) [blank_start]sg mRNAs[blank_end]
    2.) [blank_start]segmented genome[blank_end]
    3.) [blank_start]polyprotein[blank_end]
    4.) [blank_start]readthrough protein[blank_end]
    5.) [blank_start]translational frameshift[blank_end]
    6.) [blank_start]leaking scanning[blank_end]

    1. Asg mRNAs
    2. Bsegmented genome
    3. Cpolyprotein
    4. Dreadthrough protein
    5. Etranslational frameshift
    6. Fleaking scanning
15. 15In segmented genomes, each segment can serve as a [blank_start]mono[blank_end]cistronic mRNA.

    1. Amono
16. 16Segmented genomes are only found in + strand RNA genomes

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
17. 17Multipartite viruses have to include all the viral particles to infect a host in order to ensure no segments are not present. Multipartite viruses are only found in [blank_start]plant[blank_end] viruses.

    1. Aplant
18. 18An example of a SEGMENTED virus (not a multipartite) is [blank_start]influenza[blank_end] virus

    1. Ainfluenza
19. 19Examples of viruses that encode polyproteins are:
    1.) [blank_start]flavivirus[blank_end]
    2.) [blank_start]coronavirus[blank_end]
    3.) [blank_start]retrovirus[blank_end]
    4.) [blank_start]togavirus[blank_end]

    1. Aflavivirus
    2. Bcoronavirus
    3. Cretrovirus
    4. Dtogavirus
20. 20A polyprotein is encoded by multiple ORFs

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
21. 21A polyprotein is encoded by a single ORF.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
22. 22A polyprotein is [blank_start]co[blank_end] and or [blank_start]post[blank_end]-translationally processed

    1. Aco
    2. Bpost
23. 23The polyprotein processing is carried out by [blank_start]viral[blank_end] and/or [blank_start]host[blank_end] proteases

    1. Aviral
    2. Bhost
24. 24The polyprotein processing is carried out by viral and/or host [blank_start]proteases[blank_end]

    1. Aproteases
25. 25Viral proteases can cleave:
    1.) [blank_start]in cis[blank_end]
    and/or
    2.) [blank_start]in trans[blank_end]

    1. Ain cis
    2. Bin trans
26. 26Larger intermediates of mature proteins in a polyprotein are not functional until they reach their final form

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
27. 27The viral protease can still cut while it is in the polyprotein, which is an example of [blank_start]cis[blank_end] cleavage.

    1. Acis
28. 28When the protease is no longer part of the polypeptide it's cutting, it is referred to as a [blank_start]trans[blank_end] cleavage

    1. Atrans
29. 29Read through proteins occur when 2 proteins share the same [blank_start]AUG[blank_end].

    1. AAUG
30. 30Readthrough proteins are produced by suppression of ORF1's [blank_start]termination[blank_end] codon

    1. Atermination
31. 31Suppression of ORF1's termination codon occurs when instead, suppressor tRNAs such as [blank_start]Tyr (Y)[blank_end] inserts a [blank_start]tyrosine[blank_end], causing translation to continue on.

    1. ATyr (Y)
    2. Btyrosine
32. 32Both the readthrough protein and pre readthrough protein are going to start at the same start codon N terminus

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
33. 33All stop codons are leaky, producing a high volume of readthrough proteins.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
34. 34The pre through protein is present in the readthrough protein at the [blank_start]N[blank_end] terminus and is covalently linked.

    1. AN
35. 35The pre read through protein present in the N terminus of the readthrough protein is going to carry out the same function as it being alone.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
36. 36Readthrough proteins contain ORF1 protein as its N terminus.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
37. 37Examples of viruses that use readthrough proteins when dealing with multiple ORFs are:
    1.) [blank_start]togaviruses[blank_end]
    2.) [blank_start]gammaretroviruses[blank_end]

    1. Atogaviruses
    2. Bgammaretroviruses
38. 38In translational frameshift, the first ORF is in the [blank_start]0[blank_end] reading frame, and the second is in the [blank_start]-1[blank_end] reading frame

    1. A0
    2. B-1
39. 39In frameshifting, after the ribosome produces the first ORF, it binds to a release factor

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
40. 40In frameshifting, after the ribosome produces the first ORF, it does not bind to a release factor but instead, the ribosome moves back one nucleotide towards the 5' end

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
41. 41The frameshift protein is similar to that of readthrough proteins in that:
    1.) proteins share the same [blank_start]AUG[blank_end]
    2.) frameshift protein has [blank_start]similar[blank_end] general structure
    3.) process involves [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] sequences/structures.

    1. AAUG
    2. Bsimilar
    3. CRNA
42. 42The frameshift proteins are unique from readthrough proteins in that:
    1.) frameshifting occurs between [blank_start]overlapping[blank_end] ORFs
    2.) ORFs are in [blank_start]different[blank_end] reading frames
    3.) ribosome backs up [blank_start]1 nt[blank_end] on mRNA (to shift to -1 frame)

    1. Aoverlapping
    2. Bdifferent
    3. C1 nt
43. 43The readthrough protein and frameshift protein both contain [blank_start]C[blank_end] terminal extensions

    1. AC
44. 44Examples of viruses that perform translational frameshift are:
    1.) [blank_start]HIV[blank_end]
    2.) [blank_start]Coronavirus[blank_end]

    1. AHIV
    2. BCoronavirus
45. 45Leaky scanning, like translational frameshifts, involve [blank_start]overlapping[blank_end] ORFs.

    1. Aoverlapping
46. 46Leaky scanning involves the translation of 3' ORF scanning past the 5' ORF's [blank_start]AUG[blank_end].

    1. AAUG
47. 47the translation of 3' ORF, due to the scanning past the 5' ORF's AUG requirest hat the 5' ORF's AUG is in a relatively [blank_start]weak[blank_end] Kozak context.

    1. Aweak
48. 48Leaky scanning can be found in [blank_start]HIV[blank_end] (e.g. Vpu & Env proteins).

    1. AHIV
49. 49Examples of viruses that use Internal Ribosome Entry Sites are:
    1.) [blank_start]Pestivirus[blank_end]
    2.) [blank_start]Hepacivirus[blank_end]
    3.) [blank_start]Picornavirus[blank_end]

    1. APestivirus
    2. BHepacivirus
    3. CPicornavirus
50. 50Ian Stongberg @ McGill Uni discovered IRES, as well as the eIF-4G protein

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
51. 51In viruses that lack a 5' CAP, they instead recruit ribosomes via an [blank_start]IRES[blank_end] site

    1. AIRES
52. 52An IRES site is a secondary RNA structure

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
53. 53The IRES is present in the [blank_start]UTR[blank_end] of a message that you want to be translated

    1. AUTR
54. 54you could find IRESs in our own mRNA

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
55. 55The IRES recruits ribosome [blank_start]internally[blank_end], and no scanning occurs

    1. Ainternally
56. 56Select all the flaviviridae genuses that use mosquitos as an arthropod vector

    1. AYellow Fever
    2. BHepaptitis C
    3. CBovine Viral Diarrhea
    4. DWest Nile
    5. EDegune (types 1-4)
57. 57Select any that are flaviviruses.

    1. AYellow Fever
    2. BHepaititis C
    3. CBovine Viral Diarrhea
    4. DWest Nile
    5. EDengue (Types 1-4)
58. 58Which flavivirus uses birds as a host to infect?

    1. AYellow Fever
    2. BDengue (types 1-4)
    3. CWest Nile
59. 59Select the flaviviruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers.

    1. AYellow Fever
    2. BDengue (types 1-4)
    3. CWest Nile
60. 60Select the flaviviruses that cause arthralgia.

    1. AYellow Fever
    2. BDengue (Types 1-4)
    3. CWest Nile
61. 61_______ is controlled via vaccination (live attenuated = 1930s, Theiler).

    1. AYellow Fever Virus
    2. BDengue (Type 1-4)
    3. CWest Nile
    4. DBovine Viral Diarrhea
    5. EHepitisis C
62. 62______ is more prevalent in tropical areas.

    1. ADengue (Type 1-4)
    2. BYellow Fever Virus
    3. CWest Nile Virus
    4. DBovine Viral Diaherra
63. 63________ is in South America and is moving up due to using birds as infecting a host.

    1. AYellow Fever Virus
    2. BDengue (Type 1-4)
    3. CWest Nile
64. 64[blank_start]Finlay[blank_end] and [blank_start]Reed[blank_end] demonstrated that it was the mosquitos that responsible for transmitting.

    1. AFinlay
    2. BReed
65. 65Flaviviruses, can replicate in both humans AND insects.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
66. 66The genus of Bovine Viral Diarrhea is [blank_start]pestivirus[blank_end]

    1. Apestivirus
67. 67The host of bovine viral diarrhea is [blank_start]ruminants[blank_end].

    1. Aruminants
68. 68Common symptoms of bovine viral diarrhea include:

    1. APersistent Infection
    2. BHemorrhagic Fever
    3. CArthralgia
    4. DMucosal Disease
    5. EAcute and Chronic Hemorrhagic Symptoms
    6. FAbortion in cows, sheeps and goats
    7. GSwelling around lips
    8. HEncephalitits
69. 69West Nile infects monkeys

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
70. 70YFV and Dengue infect monkey and human hosts.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
71. 71Hepavivirus infects [blank_start]humans[blank_end] only

    1. Ahumans
72. 72Hepatitis C is transmitted through:
    1. [blank_start]needles[blank_end]
    2. [blank_start]sex[blank_end]
    3. [blank_start]blood[blank_end]

    1. Aneedles
    2. Bsex
    3. Cblood
73. 73[blank_start]Hepaivirus[blank_end] is the newest virus group of flaviridae, discovered approximately in 19[blank_start]89[blank_end]

    1. AHepaivirus
    2. B89
74. 74hepaivirus is transmitted via mosquitos.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
75. 75Hepaivirus may infect the liver and pose as a risk factor for cancer. 2.5% of people are infected by this virus.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
76. 76We are currently working on a vaccine for Hepaivirus C.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
77. 77West nile virus has been in north america since [blank_start]1999[blank_end].

    1. A1999
78. 78The YFV symptoms progress in [blank_start]3[blank_end] stages:
    1.) high [blank_start]fever[blank_end], muscle [blank_start]pain[blank_end], headaches, severe [blank_start]vomiting[blank_end] ([blank_start]3-4[blank_end] days)
    2.) "[blank_start]latent[blank_end]" stage - fever dissipates, "seems" in remission. most people [blank_start]recover[blank_end] -OR-
    3.) repeat of original symptoms - but [blank_start]MORE[blank_end] severe. multi-[blank_start]organ[blank_end] failure and [blank_start]mortality[blank_end] rate of 20-50%.

    1. A3
    2. B3-4
    3. Cfever
    4. Dpain
    5. Evomiting
    6. Flatent
    7. Grecover
    8. HMORE
    9. Iorgan
    10. Jmortality
79. 79Yellow Fever Virus termed due to acute hepatitis in many patients.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
80. 80 The repeat of original symptoms of TFV is related to our own immune system. Multi organ failure occurs b/c immune system is hyper reacting and your body is attacking itself

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
81. 81This virus infects and replicates in the [blank_start]liver[blank_end] that leads to acute hepatitis and [blank_start]JUNGUS[blank_end] -> in which you begin to turn yellow.
    

    1. AJUNGUS
    2. Bliver
82. 82Virion Structure of YFV:
    1.) envelope Y or N: [blank_start]Y[blank_end]
    2.) Shape of capsid: [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end]
    3.) T [blank_start]=[blank_end]
    4.) how many capsid protein(s): [blank_start]1[blank_end]
    5.) how many envelope proteins: [blank_start]2[blank_end]
    

    1. AY
    2. Bicosahedral
    3. C3
    4. D1
    5. E2
83. 83The 2 envelope proteins found in YFV is [blank_start]E[blank_end] and [blank_start]M[blank_end].
    Where [blank_start]E[blank_end] is the MAIN envelope protein involved in receptor binding and fusion.
    Where [blank_start]M[blank_end] is more of a regulatory protein.

    1. AE
    2. BM
    3. CE
    4. DM
84. 84Genome Structure of YFV:
    linear or circular? [blank_start]linear[blank_end]
    mRNA or DNA? [blank_start]mRNA[blank_end]
    + or - strand? [blank_start]+[blank_end]
    ss or ds? [blank_start]ss[blank_end]
    size? [blank_start]11[blank_end] kB
    5' cap structure (Y or N) [blank_start]Y[blank_end]
    poly(A) tail (Y or N) [blank_start]N[blank_end]

    1. Alinear
    2. BmRNA
    3. C+
    4. Dss
    5. E11
    6. FY
    7. GN
85. 85Pestivirus and hepacivirus have no 5' cap but a IRES instead, and NO poly(A) tail.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
86. 86YFV contain 1 ORF which encodes for 1 polyprotein which produced [blank_start]10[blank_end] mature proteins divided into [blank_start]structural[blank_end] proteins at the 5' terminal of the polyprotein, and [blank_start]non-structural[blank_end] proteins at the 3' end of the polyprotein.

    1. A10
    2. Bstructural
    3. Cnon-structural
87. 87Select all the proteins that are structural.

    1. AanchC
    2. BC
    3. CprM
    4. DM
    5. EE
88. 88_______ is an anchored capsid protein. Precursor to capsid protein; signal sequence inserted in membrane is cleaved by viral proteinase.

    1. AanchC
    2. BC
    3. CprM
    4. DM
    5. EE
89. 89______ is a small envelope glycoprotein. function in the mature virion is unknown.

    1. AanchC
    2. BC
    3. CprM
    4. DM
    5. EE
90. 90_____ helps with encapsidation of genome RNA.

    1. AanchC
    2. BC
    3. CprM
    4. DM
    5. EE
91. 91________ binds to E glycoprotein, inhibits membrane fusion during transit through Golgi. Cleaved to produce mature M protein, releasing pr.

    1. AanchC
    2. BC
    3. CprM
    4. DM
    5. EE
92. 92______ is the major envelope glycoprotein. receptor binding, fusion of virus envelope with cell membrane.

    1. AanchC
    2. BC
    3. CprM
    4. DM
    5. EE
93. 93label the follow image.

    

    1. AN terminus
    2. BC
    3. CAncC
    4. DM
    5. EprM
    6. FE
    7. GNS1
    8. HC terminus
    9. Icytoplasm
    10. JER lumen
    11. Kviral protease
    12. Lcellular signl peptidase
    13. Mcellular furin protease
94. 94Viral Protease:
    [blank_start]NSE[blank_end] -> catalytic site but doesn’t work well unless with [blank_start]NS2B[blank_end] which is another VIRAL protein. Cuts at black arrow (only one cut). It releases [blank_start]C[blank_end] protein from its anchor. The [blank_start]C[blank_end] is being released into the [blank_start]cytoplasm[blank_end] which is where assembly is going to occur.
    

    1. ANSE
    2. BNS2B
    3. CC
    4. DC
    5. Ecytoplasm
95. 95Cellular Signal Peptidase
    -[blank_start]Host[blank_end] protease present in the [blank_start]lumen[blank_end] of the ER
    -Cuts @ [blank_start]3[blank_end] positions
    -The first cut releases the [blank_start]N[blank_end] terminus of [blank_start]prM[blank_end]
    -The second cut releases [blank_start]C[blank_end] terminus of [blank_start]prM[blank_end] and the N terminus of [blank_start]E[blank_end].
    -the last cut is going to release [blank_start]C[blank_end] terminus of E and N teminus of [blank_start]NS1[blank_end].
    -this cut occurs relatively [blank_start]early[blank_end].
    - We get free [blank_start]prM[blank_end] to move around in the ER membrane and so is E, so [blank_start]prM[blank_end] and E are now separate proteins in the ER membrane
    -pRM is going to bind to [blank_start]E[blank_end] and keep it in structural configuration where it is not able to function or fuse and by doing so, it [blank_start]inhibits[blank_end] fusion in the Gogli. When prM is bound to [blank_start]E[blank_end], [blank_start]E[blank_end] cannot do its normal function anymore.
    

    1. AHost
    2. Blumen
    3. C3
    4. DprM
    5. EC
    6. FN
    7. GprM
    8. HE
    9. IC
    10. JNS1
    11. Kearly
    12. LprM
    13. MprM
    14. NE
    15. Oinhibits
    16. PE
    17. QE
96. 96Cellular Furin Protease
    -Makes the one [blank_start]Last[blank_end] cut, occuring [blank_start]late[blank_end] in the secretory pathway
    -what it does is will cut at the blue arrow and cuts the pre cursor part of [blank_start]M[blank_end] off of M which is going to get rid of the [blank_start]N[blank_end] terminus of prM, referred to as the pr verison, leaving M
    -Once the pr portion of prM is cut off, M within the ER membrane still, IS NO LONGER ABLE TO BIND TO [blank_start]E[blank_end]. and E is able to FORM A [blank_start]DIMER[blank_end] = ACTIVE CONFIRMATION.
    -An [blank_start]E-E dimer[blank_end] is its active confirmation.

    1. Alate
    2. BLast
    3. CM
    4. DN
    5. EE
    6. FDIMER
    7. GE-E dimer
97. 97M interacts with E to inhibit it.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
98. 98The signal peptidase used is viral.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
99. 99The furin protease is viral.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
100. 100Furin Protease is the enzyme that makes the last cut in the polyprotein.

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
101. 101E protein is a [blank_start]type-I[blank_end] transmembrane.

     1. Atype-I
102. 102Dimer to trimer conversion of E protein occurs [blank_start]before[blank_end] fusion.

     1. Abefore
103. 103Domain [blank_start]III[blank_end] of E protein is the head region.

     1. AIII
104. 104Dimerization of E protein occurs within domain [blank_start]II[blank_end].

     1. AII
105. 105Domain [blank_start]III[blank_end] of E protein is responsible for attaching to unknown receptor, whereas domain [blank_start]II[blank_end] is responsible for fusion.

     1. AIII
     2. BII
106. 106When the virus is in the extracellular space looking for the cell, the E protein is in the [blank_start]dimer[blank_end] form
     

     1. Adimer
107. 107After binding and as the pH changes, the [blank_start]dimer[blank_end] turns into a [blank_start]trimer[blank_end] just before fusion occurs
     

     1. Atrimer
     2. Bdimer
108. 108[blank_start]Dimer[blank_end] is going to be involved in the binding part, [blank_start]trimer[blank_end] is going to be the fusion part
     
     

     1. ADimer
     2. Btrimer
109. 109fusion of YFV is pH independent

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
110. 110Select all the non-structural proteins that are part of the RNA replicase component

     1. ANS1
     2. BNS2A
     3. CNS2B
     4. DNS3
     5. ENS4A
     6. FNS4B
     7. GNS5
111. 111RNA replicase component, possibly involve in replication complex formation.

     1. ANS1
     2. BNS2A
     3. CNS2B
     4. DNS3
     5. ENS4A
     6. FNS4B
     7. GNS5
112. 112Part of viral proteinase, cofactor of NS3.

     1. ANS1
     2. BNS2A
     3. CNS2B
     4. DNS3
     5. ENS4A
     6. FNS4B
     7. GNS5
113. 113Viral proteinase, RNA replicase component, helicase activity.

     1. ANS1
     2. BNS2A
     3. CNS2B
     4. DNS3
     5. ENS4A
     6. FNS4B
     7. GNS5
114. 114[blank_start]NS4B[blank_end] (NON-structural) has an unknown role.

     1. ANS4B
115. 115[blank_start]NS5[blank_end] is a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and methyltransferase.

     1. ANS5
116. 116[blank_start]NS3[blank_end] and [blank_start]NS5[blank_end] are examples of multifunctional proteins found in viruses.

     1. ANS5
     2. BNS3
117. 117The replicase complex is going to assemble on the [blank_start]outer[blank_end] ER membrane

     1. Aouter
118. 118yellow fever and dengue viruses causes hemmoragic fevers

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
119. 119finlay and reed

     1. Adiscovered anthropod vector
     2. BYFV vaccination
120. 120theiler

     1. Adiscovered anthropod virus vector
     2. BYFV vaccination
121. 121select the viruses that perform translational frameshift

     1. AHIV
     2. Bcoronavirus
     3. Cflavivirus
     4. Dgammaretroviruses
     5. Etogaviruses
122. 122what are the three things that make translational frameshift proteins similar to readthrough proteins?
     1.) [blank_start]share the same AUG[blank_end]
     2.) [blank_start]structurally similar[blank_end]
     3.) [blank_start]use mRNA[blank_end]

     1. Ashare the same AUG
     2. Bstructurally similar
     3. Cuse mRNA
123. 123what are the three things that make translational frameshift proteins different from readthrough proteins?
     1.) [blank_start]use overlapping ORF[blank_end]
     2.) [blank_start]ORFs are in different reading frames[blank_end]
     3.) ribosome [blank_start]backs up 1 nt (to get to -1 frame)[blank_end]

     1. Ause overlapping ORF
     2. BORFs are in different reading frames
     3. Cbacks up 1 nt (to get to -1 frame)
124. 124leaky scanning involves overlapping ORFs.

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
125. 125select the viruses that use IRES in place of a 5' cap

     1. Aflaviviruses
     2. Bpestiviruses
     3. Chepacivirus
     4. Dpicornavirus
     5. EHIV
     6. Fcoronavirus
     7. Ggammaretrovirus
     8. Htogavirus
126. 126one thing that all non-structural proteins of YFV is that they are an RNA replicase component.

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
127. 127flaviviridae enter via endocytosis, despite having an envelope

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
128. 128progeny genome replication occurs in the nucleus

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso

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Test sobre Chapter 12- Flaviviridae, creado por Nina Butris el 02/03/2019.

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