Test
Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control
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Preguntas del test (31)
1Human sexuality illustrates how a group's definitions of an act, and not the act itself, determines whether or not it is considered deviant.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
2Stigma, characteristics that discredit people, includes violations of norms of ability and violations of norms of appearance.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3Sociologically, an act cannot be classified as deviance if it does not cause physical or emotional harm to another individual.
- AVerdadero
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4The theory of differential association suggests that people who associate with certain groups receive an "excess of definitions" about either deviance or conformity.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5Recent research indicates that social definitions of masculinity encourage violence among youth gangs.
- AVerdadero
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6Control theory relies on attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief to explain the social bonds people develop to their respective groups and society.
- AVerdadero
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7Shaming is most effective as a sanction when it is used by a formal orginization such as a court of common pleas or other public tribunal.
- AVerdadero
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8Stripping an individual of his or her identity as a group member is an example of using a degradation ceremony to brand someone as an outsider.
- AVerdadero
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9By employing techniques of neutralization, even the most dedicated deviants can view themselves as conformists.
- AVerdadero
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10Functionalists believe deviance has no useful purpose in society and only contributes to social chaos.
- AVerdadero
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11The text points out a number of high-profile examples of white-collar crime by large corperations for which violators never went to jail.
- AVerdadero
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12Crime "in the suites" (white collar crime) actually costs the American taxpayer more in terms of dollars lost than "crime in the streets."
- AVerdadero
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13Violent crime in America is rather consistent from state to state in terms of the number of incidents and ratio of incidents in the state's population.
- AVerdadero
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14Functionalists would contend that the growing crime rates among women are the result of changing social location and gender roles giving women greater access to illegitimate opportunities.
- AVerdadero
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15A person in the upper-class is less likely to be punished by the criminal justice system than someone in the lower-class.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
16Napoleon Chagnon's visit to the Yanomamo tribe, where he observed tribe members appearing naked in public, using hallucinogenic drugs, and letting mucus hang from their noses, is a good example of____.
- Anonconforming behavior
- Bthe need for social sanctions
- Cthe cultural relativity of deviance
- Dthe need for absolute standards in defining deviance
17Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called ____.
- Aethics
- Bvalues
- Cfolkways
- Dcrimes
18The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?
- AIt is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant.
- BThe nature of one's behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance.
- CDeviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction for society.
- DDeviance is an analogous to mental illness.
19The relativity of deviance is most aligned with which sociological perspective?
- Astructural functionalism
- Bsymbolic interaction-ism
- CThe conflict perspective
- Dthe neo-conflict perspective
20Erving Goffman used the term ____ to refer to characteristics that discredit people.
- Amaster status
- Brole
- Cstigma
- Dsanction
21A group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives, is called ____.
- Asocial control
- Bsanction
- Csocial order
- Dsocial guideline
22What is a group's formal and informal means of enforcing norms called?
- Asocial solidarity
- Bthe social imperative
- Csocial control
- Dsocial bond
23Why did the "XYY" chromosome theory fall out of favor as an explanation for criminal behavior?
- AIt was discovered there are no longer any XYY chromosome configurations among men.
- BMost criminals do not have XYY and everyone with XYY is not a criminal.
- CThe work of the theorist who proposed the theory was plagiarized.
- DThe theory only explains deviant and criminal behavior among females.
24Suicide bombers in Iraq are accorded high praise by those who oppose an American presence in the Middle East and are considered heroic warriors. Such honor and praise is an example of a ____.
- Apositive sanction
- Bnegative sanction
- Cdegradation ceremony
- Dshaming
25Explanations for deviance that focus on genetic predispositions to explain why individuals commit deviant acts are most aligned with which discipline?
- Asociobiology
- Bsociology
- Cpsychology
- Dshaming
26Which of the following theories of deviance is LEAST associated with sociobiology?
- Aintelligence theory: low intelligence leads to deviant and criminal behavior
- Bsocial learning theory: we learn deviance from our peers
- CXYY theory: the extra Y chromosome in males causes criminal behavior
- Dbody type theory: people with muscular bodies are prone to be criminals
27The two disciplines that would be most concerned with addressing qualities within the individual to explain deviant behavior are _____ and ________.
- Aanthropology; sociology
- Bsociology; psychology
- Csociobiology; psychology
- Dcriminology; political science
28The theory of behavior in which people who associate with some groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant is ____.
- Aconflict theory
- Bsocial control theory
- Cstrain theory
- Ddifferential association theory
29Differential association theory was developed by sociologist____.
- ARobert K. Merton
- BFrank Tannenbaum
- CWalter Reckless
- DEdwin Sutherland
30Sociologists who believe we help to produce our own orientations to life by joining specific groups in most aligned with which sociological perspective?
- Afunctional
- Bconflict
- Csymbolic interactionist
- Dneo-conflict
31Based on differential association theory, what is the most likely background shared by juvenile delinquents?
- AThey come from regions populated by large numbers of minorities.
- BThey are concentrated in urban areas with a population over 25,000
- CThey are common in families living in poverty.
- DThey are from families that have a history of being involved in crime
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- Test sobre Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control , creado por Maddie Penfield el 09/04/2019.
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- Maddie Penfield
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- English
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