Test
ELST Chapter 1-1: Exploring a Desktop Computer
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Preguntas del test (73)
1One of the more important tools is an [blank_start]ESD strap[blank_end] (also called a ground bracelet), which protects against [blank_start]ESD[blank_end] when working inside the computer case. [blank_start]Electrostatic discharge (ESD)[blank_end] is another name for static electricity, which can damage chips and destroy motherboards, even though it might not be felt or seen with the naked eye.
- AESD strap
- BESD
- CElectrostatic discharge (ESD)
2An [blank_start]ESD[blank_end] strap, which protects computer components from ESD, can clip to the side of the [blank_start]computer[blank_end] case and eliminate [blank_start]ESD[blank_end] between you and the case
- AESD
- Bcomputer
- CESD
3Here is a list of essential tools:
An [blank_start]ESD[blank_end] strap (also called a ground bracelet)
[blank_start]Flathead[blank_end] screwdriver
[blank_start]Phillips[blank_end]-head or crosshead screwdriver
[blank_start]Torx[blank_end] screwdriver set, particularly size T15
[blank_start]Tweezers[blank_end], preferably insulated ones, for picking pieces of paper out of printers or dropped screws out of tight places
[blank_start]Software[blank_end], including recovery CD or DVD for any operating system (OS) you might work on (you might need several, depending on the OSs you support), antivirus software on bootable CDs or USB flash drives, and diagnostic software- AESD
- BFlathead
- CPhillips
- DTorx
- ETweezers
- FSoftware
4The following tools might not be essential, but they are very convenient:
Cans of compressed [blank_start]air[blank_end] (see Figure 1-3), small portable compressor, or antistatic vacuum cleaner to clean dust from inside a computer case
[blank_start]Cleaning[blank_end] solutions and pads such as contact cleaner, monitor wipes, and cleaning solutions for CDs and DVDs
[blank_start]Multimeter[blank_end] to check cables and the power supply output
[blank_start]Power[blank_end] supply tester
[blank_start]Needle[blank_end]-nose pliers for removing jumpers and for holding objects in place while you screw them in (especially handy for those pesky nuts on cable connectors)
[blank_start]Cable[blank_end] ties to tie cables up and out of the way inside a computer case
[blank_start]Flashlight[blank_end] to see inside the computer case
[blank_start]AC[blank_end] outlet ground tester
[blank_start]Network[blank_end] cable tester
[blank_start]Loopback[blank_end] plugs to test ports
Small [blank_start]cups[blank_end] or [blank_start]bags[blank_end] to help keep screws organized as you work
[blank_start]Antistatic[blank_end] bags (a type of Faraday cage) to store unused parts
[blank_start]Pen[blank_end] and paper for taking notes
[blank_start]POST[blank_end] diagnostic cards- Aair
- BCleaning
- CMultimeter
- DPower
- ENeedle
- FCable
- GFlashlight
- HAC
- INetwork
- JLoopback
- Kcups
- Lbags
- MAntistatic
- NPen
- OPOST
5A computer case for any type of computer is sometimes called the [blank_start]chassis[blank_end], and it houses the power supply, motherboard, processor, memory modules, expansion cards, hard drive, optical drive, and other drives.
- Achassis
6A [blank_start]tower[blank_end] case (see Figure 1-4) sits upright; it can be as high as two feet and has room for several drives.
- Atower
7A [blank_start]desktop[blank_end] case lies flat and sometimes serves double-duty as a monitor stand.
- Adesktop
8[blank_start]VGA (Video Graphics Array)[blank_end] port - A 15-pin analog video port popular for many years. Also called DB-15, DB15 port, DE15 port, or HD15 port.
- AVGA (Video Graphics Array)
9[blank_start]Analog[blank_end] - A continuous signal with infinite variations, as compared with digital, which is a series of binary values—1s and 0s.
- AAnalog
10A [blank_start]loopback[blank_end] plug is used to test a network port in a computer or other device to make sure the port is working. It might also test the throughput or speed of the port. Figure 1-5 shows a [blank_start]loopback[blank_end] plug testing a network port on a laptop. You know both the port and the network cable are good because the lights on either side of the port are lit. You can also buy a USB [blank_start]loopback[blank_end] plug to test USB ports.
- Aloopback
- Bloopback
- Cloopback
11Here are the steps to open a computer case:
[blank_start]Back up[blank_end] important data.
[blank_start]Power[blank_end] down the system and [blank_start]unplug[blank_end] it.
[blank_start]Press[blank_end] and hold down the power button for a moment.
Have a plastic [blank_start]bag[blank_end] or cup handy to hold screws.
[blank_start]Open[blank_end] the case cover.
Clip your [blank_start]ESD strap[blank_end] to the side of the computer case.- ABack up
- BPower
- Cunplug
- DPress
- Ebag
- FOpen
- GESD strap
12After you open a computer case, as shown in Figure 1-12, the main components you see inside are the [blank_start]power[blank_end] supply, [blank_start]motherboard[blank_end], expansion [blank_start]card[blank_end], and [blank_start]drives[blank_end] installed in drive bays. You also see a lot of [blank_start]cables[blank_end] and wires connecting various components. These cables are [blank_start]power[blank_end] cables from the power supply to various components, or cables carrying data and instructions between [blank_start]components[blank_end].
- Apower
- Bmotherboard
- Ccard
- Ddrives
- Ecables
- Fpower
- Gcomponents
13Here is a quick explanation of the main components installed in the case, which are called internal components:
The [blank_start]motherboard[blank_end], processor, and [blank_start]cooler[blank_end].
[blank_start]Expansion[blank_end] cards.
[blank_start]Memory[blank_end] modules.
[blank_start]Hard[blank_end] drives and other drives.
The [blank_start]power[blank_end] supply.- Amotherboard
- Bcooler
- CExpansion
- DMemory
- EHard
- Fpower
14[blank_start]internal[blank_end] components - The main components installed in a computer case.
- Ainternal
15[blank_start]motherboard[blank_end] - The main board in the computer. The CPU, ROM chips, DIMMs, and interface cards are plugged into the [blank_start]motherboard[blank_end]. Also called the system board.
- Amotherboard
- Bmotherboard
16The motherboard, also called the [blank_start]main[blank_end] board, the [blank_start]system[blank_end] board, or the techie jargon term, the [blank_start]mobo[blank_end], is the largest and most important circuit board in the computer.
- Amain
- Bsystem
- Cmobo
17The motherboard contains a socket to hold the [blank_start]processor[blank_end] or CPU. The [blank_start]central processing unit[blank_end] (CPU), also called the processor or [blank_start]microprocessor[blank_end], does most of the processing of data and instructions for the entire system.
- Aprocessor
- Bcentral processing unit
- Cmicroprocessor
18A [blank_start]heat[blank_end] [blank_start]sink[blank_end] consists of metal fins that draw heat away from a component. The [blank_start]fan[blank_end] and [blank_start]heat[blank_end] [blank_start]sink[blank_end] together are called the processor cooler.
- Aheat
- Bheat
- Csink
- Dfan
- Esink
19Label the MotherBoard
- APCI
- BPCIe x 1
- CPCIe x 16
- DCooler CPU below
- EMemory Modules DIMMs
- FChipset under heat sink
20Label these Ports
- AeSATA 2.0
- BNetwork
- CDVI
- DFireWire
- EAudio
- FSPDIF
- GUSB 3.0
- HHDMI
- IDisplayPort
- JUSB 2.0
21[blank_start]expansion[blank_end] card - A circuit board inserted into a slot on the motherboard to enhance the capability of the computer. Also called an adapter card.
- Aexpansion
22Label this card.
- ACooling Fan
- BHeat Sink
- CTab
- DPCIe X 16 Connector
- E15-pin analog video port
- FTV-out connector
- GDVI Port
23A desktop motherboard has memory slots, called [blank_start]DIMM (dual inline memory module)[blank_end] slots, to hold memory modules.
- ADIMM (dual inline memory module)
24[blank_start]DIMM (dual inline memory module)[blank_end] - A miniature circuit board installed on a motherboard to hold memory.
- ADIMM (dual inline memory module)
25Memory, also called [blank_start]RAM (random access memory)[blank_end], is temporary storage for data and instructions as they are being processed by the CPU.
- ARAM (random access memory)
26Video cards also contain some embedded RAM chips for [blank_start]video[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end].
- Avideo
- Bmemory
27[blank_start]RAM[blank_end] ([blank_start]random[blank_end] [blank_start]access[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end]) - Memory modules on the motherboard that contain microchips used to temporarily hold data and programs while the CPU processes both. Information in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.
- ARAM
- Brandom
- Caccess
- Dmemory
28[blank_start]video[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end] - Memory used by the video controller. The memory might be contained on a video card or be part of system memory. When it is part of system memory, the memory is dedicated by Windows to video.
- Avideo
- Bmemory
29[blank_start]hard[blank_end] [blank_start]drive[blank_end] - The main secondary storage device of a computer. Two technologies are currently used by hard drives: magnetic and solid state. Also called hard disk drive (HDD).
- Ahard
- Bdrive
30[blank_start]power[blank_end] [blank_start]supply[blank_end] - A box inside the computer case that receives power and converts it for use by the motherboard and other installed devices. Power supplies provide 3.3, 5, and 12 volts DC. Also called a power supply unit (PSU).
- Apower
- Bsupply
31[blank_start]dual[blank_end]-[blank_start]voltage[blank_end] [blank_start]selector[blank_end] [blank_start]switch[blank_end] - A switch on the back of the computer case where you can change the input voltage to the power supply to [blank_start]115[blank_end] V (in the United States) or [blank_start]220[blank_end] V (in other countries).
- Adual
- Bvoltage
- Cselector
- Dswitch
- E115
- F220
32[blank_start]form[blank_end] [blank_start]factors[blank_end] - A set of specifications for the size, shape, and configuration of a computer hardware component such as a case, power supply, or motherboard.
- Aform
- Bfactors
33The two form factors used by most desktop and tower computer cases and power supplies are the [blank_start]ATX[blank_end] and [blank_start]microATX[blank_end] form factors.
- AATX
- BmicroATX
34[blank_start]ATX[blank_end] ([blank_start]Advanced[blank_end] [blank_start]Technology[blank_end] [blank_start]Extended[blank_end]) - The most common form factor for desktop computer cases, motherboards, and power supplies; it was originally introduced by Intel in 1995. [blank_start]ATX[blank_end] motherboards and cases make better use of space and resources than the earlier AT form factor.
- AATX
- BAdvanced
- CTechnology
- DExtended
- EATX
35Label
- A4-pin Molex
- B8-pin Aux
- C6-pin PCIe
- DSATA
- EBerg connector
- F4-pin Aux
- G24-pin P1
- H8-pin PCIe
36Label
- A20-pin P1
- B24-pin P1
- C20+4 pin p1
- D4-pin 12-V
- E8-pin 12-V
- F4-pin Molex
37Label
- ASATA Power
- B6-pin PCIe
- C8-pin PCIe
- D6/8-pin PCIe
38When processors began to require more power, the ATX Version [blank_start]2.1[blank_end] specifications added a [blank_start]4[blank_end]-pin auxiliary connector near the processor socket to provide an additional [blank_start]12[blank_end] V of power (see Figure 1-21).
- A2.1
- B4
- C12
39A power supply that provides this 4-pin 12-volt power cord is called an [blank_start]ATX12V[blank_end] power supply.
- AATX12V
40Later boards replaced the [blank_start]4[blank_end]-pin [blank_start]12[blank_end]-volt power connector with an [blank_start]8[blank_end]-pin motherboard auxiliary connector that provided more [blank_start]amps[blank_end] for the processor.
- A4
- B12
- C8
- Damps
41The original P1 connector had 20 pins. Later, when faster PCI Express (PCIe) slots were added to motherboards, more power was required and a new ATX specification (ATX Version 2.2) allowed for a [blank_start]24[blank_end]-pin P1 connector, also called the [blank_start]20[blank_end]+[blank_start]4[blank_end] power connector.
- A24
- B20
- C4
42[blank_start]PCI[blank_end] [blank_start]Express[blank_end] ([blank_start]PCIe[blank_end]) - An evolution of PCI that is not backward-compatible with earlier PCI slots and cards. PCIe slots come in several sizes, including PCIe ×[blank_start]1[blank_end], PCIe ×[blank_start]4[blank_end], PCIe ×[blank_start]8[blank_end], and PCIe ×[blank_start]16[blank_end].
- APCI
- BExpress
- CPCIe
- D1
- E4
- F8
- G16
43All motherboards today use a [blank_start]24[blank_end]-pin P1 connector. The extra [blank_start]4[blank_end] pins on the [blank_start]24[blank_end]-pin P1 connector provide +[blank_start]12[blank_end] volts, +[blank_start]5[blank_end] volts, and +[blank_start]3.3[blank_end] volts.
- A24
- B4
- C24
- D12
- E5
- F3.3
44[blank_start]Video[blank_end] cards draw the most power in a system, and ATX Version 2.2 provides for power cables to connect directly to a [blank_start]video[blank_end] card and provide it additional power than what comes through the PCIe slot on the motherboard.
- AVideo
- Bvideo
45[blank_start]microATX[blank_end] ([blank_start]mATX[blank_end]) - A smaller version of the ATX form factor. [blank_start]MicroATX[blank_end] addresses some technologies that were developed after the original introduction of ATX. Also called [blank_start]mATX[blank_end].
- AmicroATX
- BmATX
- CMicroATX
- DmATX
46A [blank_start]microATX[blank_end] motherboard (see Figure 1-26) will fit into a case that follows the ATX 2.1 or higher standard.
- AmicroATX
47A microATX power supply uses a [blank_start]24[blank_end]-pin [blank_start]P1[blank_end] connector and is not likely to have as many extra wires and connectors as those on an ATX power supply.
- A24
- BP1
48A [blank_start]header[blank_end] is a connector on a motherboard that consists of pins that stick up from the board. For example, the group of pins shown in Figure 1-27 is called the front panel [blank_start]header[blank_end].
- Aheader
- Bheader
49Do the following to remove the expansion cards:
Remove any [blank_start]wire[blank_end] or cable connected to the card.
Remove the [blank_start]screw[blank_end] holding the card to the case (see Figure 1-28).
Grasp the card with both hands and remove it by [blank_start]lifting[blank_end] straight up. If you have trouble removing it from the expansion slot, you can very slightly [blank_start]rock[blank_end] the card from end to end (not side to side). Rocking the card from side to side might spread the slot opening and weaken the connection.
As you remove the card, don’t put your [blank_start]fingers[blank_end] on the edge connectors or touch a chip, and don’t stack the cards on top of one another. Lay each card aside on a flat surface, preferably in an [blank_start]antistatic[blank_end] bag.- Awire
- Bscrew
- Clifting
- Drock
- Efingers
- Fantistatic
50[blank_start]front[blank_end] [blank_start]panel[blank_end] [blank_start]header[blank_end] - A group of pins on a motherboard that connect to wires at the front panel of the computer case.
- Afront
- Bpanel
- Cheader
51To remove the motherboard, do the following:
Unplug the [blank_start]power[blank_end] supply lines to the motherboard.
Unplug [blank_start]SATA[blank_end] cables connected to the motherboard.
The next step is to [blank_start]disconnect[blank_end] the wires leading from the front or top of the computer case to the motherboard; these wires are called the front panel connectors.
Disconnect any other cables or wires connected to the motherboard. A [blank_start]case[blank_end] fan might be getting power by a small wire connected to the motherboard. In addition, [blank_start]USB[blank_end] ports on the front of the computer case might be connected by a cable to the motherboard.
You’re now ready to remove the [blank_start]screws[blank_end] that hold the motherboard to the case. A motherboard is installed so that the [blank_start]bottom[blank_end] of the board does not touch the case. If the fine traces or lines on the bottom of the board were to touch the case, a short would result when the system runs again. To keep the board from touching the case, screw holes are [blank_start]elevated[blank_end], or you’ll see spacers, also called [blank_start]standoffs[blank_end], which are round plastic or metal pegs that separate the board from the case.
The motherboard should now be free and you can carefully [blank_start]remove[blank_end] it from the case, as shown in Figure 1-33. Lift the board by its [blank_start]edges[blank_end], as shown in the figure.- Apower
- BSATA
- Cdisconnect
- Dcase
- EUSB
- Fscrews
- Gbottom
- Helevated
- Istandoffs
- Jremove
- Kedges
52Never lift a motherboard by the [blank_start]cooler[blank_end] because doing so might create an air gap between the cooler and the [blank_start]processor[blank_end], which can cause the processor to later [blank_start]overheat[blank_end].
- Acooler
- Bprocessor
- Coverheat
53Some processors have heavy or bulky [blank_start]cooling[blank_end] assemblies installed on top of them. For these systems, it is best to remove the [blank_start]cooler[blank_end] before you take the motherboard out of the case because the motherboard is not designed to support the heavy [blank_start]cooler[blank_end] when the motherboard is not securely seated in the case.
- Acooling
- Bcooler
- Ccooler
54[blank_start]standoffs[blank_end] - Round plastic or metal pegs that separate the motherboard from the case so that components on the back of the motherboard do not touch the case.
- Astandoffs
55When supporting a motherboard, a [blank_start]POST[blank_end] diagnostic card, also called a [blank_start]POST[blank_end] card or motherboard test card, can be of great help in discovering and reporting computer errors and conflicts that occur after you first turn on a computer but before the operating system (such as Windows 10) is launched.
- APOST
- BPOST
56To understand what a POST card does, you need to know about the [blank_start]firmware[blank_end]—the programs and data stored on the motherboard.
- Afirmware
57[blank_start]POST[blank_end] [blank_start]card[blank_end] - A test card installed in a slot on the motherboard or plugged in to a USB port that is used to help discover and report computer errors and conflicts that occur when a computer is first turned on and before the operating system is launched.
- APOST
- Bcard
58Firmware consists of the older [blank_start]BIOS[blank_end] ([blank_start]basic[blank_end] [blank_start]input[blank_end]/[blank_start]output[blank_end] [blank_start]system[blank_end]) firmware and the newer [blank_start]UEFI[blank_end] ([blank_start]Unified[blank_end] [blank_start]Extensible[blank_end] [blank_start]Firmware[blank_end] [blank_start]Interface[blank_end]) firmware, and is usually referred to as [blank_start]BIOS[blank_end]/[blank_start]UEFI[blank_end].
- ABIOS
- Bbasic
- Cinput
- Doutput
- Esystem
- FUEFI
- GUnified
- HExtensible
- IFirmware
- JInterface
- KBIOS
- LUEFI
59BIOS/UEFI is responsible for managing essential devices (for example, [blank_start]keyboard[blank_end], mouse, hard drive, and [blank_start]monitor[blank_end]) before the OS is launched, starting the computer, and managing motherboard [blank_start]settings[blank_end]. A feature of the newer UEFI is that it can manage a [blank_start]secure[blank_end] boot, assuring that no rogue malware or operating system hijacks the system.
- Akeyboard
- Bmonitor
- Csettings
- Dsecure
60[blank_start]BIOS[blank_end] (basic input/output system) - Firmware that can control much of a computer’s input/output functions, such as communication with the keyboard and the monitor. Compare with [blank_start]UEFI[blank_end].
- ABIOS
- BUEFI
61[blank_start]UEFI[blank_end] (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) - An interface between firmware on the motherboard and the operating system. [blank_start]UEFI[blank_end] improves on legacy BIOS processes for managing motherboard settings, booting, handing over the boot to the OS, loading device drivers and applications before the OS loads, and securing the boot to ensure that no rogue operating system hijacks the system.
- AUEFI
- BUEFI
62This [blank_start]firmware[blank_end] chip contains BIOS/UEFI, flash ROM, and [blank_start]CMOS[blank_end] RAM; [blank_start]CMOS[blank_end] RAM is powered by the coin battery located near the chip.
- Afirmware
- BCMOS
- CCMOS
63 The [blank_start]POST[blank_end] ([blank_start]power[blank_end]-[blank_start]on[blank_end] [blank_start]self[blank_end] test) is a series of tests performed by the startup BIOS/UEFI when you first turn on a computer. These tests determine if the startup BIOS/UEFI can communicate correctly with essential hardware components required for a successful boot.
- APOST
- Bpower
- Con
- Dself
64[blank_start]POST[blank_end] (power-on [blank_start]self[blank_end] test) - A self-diagnostic program used to perform a simple test of the CPU, RAM, and various I/O devices. The POST is performed by startup BIOS/UEFI when the computer is first turned on.
- APOST
- Bself
65If you have a problem that prevents the computer from booting and that you suspect is related to hardware, you can install the [blank_start]POST[blank_end] card in an expansion slot on the motherboard. For laptops, some cards install in a [blank_start]USB[blank_end] port.
- APOST
- BUSB
66To remove the power supply from the case, look for [blank_start]screws[blank_end] that attach the power supply to the computer case. You do not want to take the [blank_start]housing[blank_end] apart. Sometimes, it is attached to the underside of the case by recessed [blank_start]slots[blank_end]. If they are present, determine in which direction you need to slide the power supply to free it from the case.
- Ascrews
- Bhousing
- Cslots
67A [blank_start]power[blank_end] [blank_start]supply[blank_end] [blank_start]tester[blank_end] is used to measure the output of each connector coming from the power supply.
- Apower
- Bsupply
- Ctester
68A power supply tester has plugs for each type of cable. [blank_start]Connect[blank_end] a power cable to the tester, [blank_start]plug[blank_end] up the power supply, and turn on the tester. An [blank_start]LCD[blank_end] panel reports the output of each lead.
- AConnect
- Bplug
- CLCD
69A multimeter is a more general-purpose tool that can measure several characteristics of electricity in a variety of devices. Some multimeters can measure voltage, current, resistance, and continuity. ([blank_start]Continuity[blank_end] determines that two ends of a cable or fuse are connected without interruption.) When set to measure [blank_start]voltage[blank_end], you can use it to measure output of each pin on a power supply connector. When set to measure [blank_start]continuity[blank_end], a multimeter is useful to test fuses, to determine if a cable is good, or to match pins on one end of a cable to pins on the other end.
- AContinuity
- Bvoltage
- Ccontinuity
70 Most hard drives and optical drives today use the [blank_start]serial[blank_end] [blank_start]ATA[blank_end] ([blank_start]SATA[blank_end]) standard.
- Aserial
- BATA
- CSATA
71Remove each drive next, handling them with care. Here are some tips:
Some drives have one or two [blank_start]screws[blank_end] on each side of the drive that attach the drive to the drive bay. After you remove the screws, the drive slides to the front or to the rear and then out of the case.
Sometimes, there is a [blank_start]catch[blank_end] underneath the drive that you must lift up as you slide the drive forward.
Some drive bays have a [blank_start]clipping[blank_end] mechanism to hold the drive in the bay. First, release the clip and then pull the drive forward and out of the bay. Some drives have an exposed [blank_start]circuit[blank_end] board on the bottom of the drive. Don’t touch this board.
Some drives must be removed through the front of the case, especially [blank_start]optical[blank_end] drives. After removing all screws or releasing the clipping mechanism, you might need to remove the front panel of the case to remove the drive.
Some cases have a [blank_start]removable[blank_end] bay for smaller hard drives. The bay is removed first and then the drives are removed from the bay.- Ascrews
- Bcatch
- Cclipping
- Dcircuit
- Eoptical
- Fremovable
72Install components in the case in this order: [blank_start]power[blank_end] supply, drives, [blank_start]motherboard[blank_end], and cards.
- Apower
- Bmotherboard
73When installing drives, know that for some systems, it’s easier to connect [blank_start]data[blank_end] cables to the drives and then slide the drives into the bay.
- Adata
Información
- Descripción
- Computer Science Test sobre ELST Chapter 1-1: Exploring a Desktop Computer, creado por Jillian Jenkins el 04/02/2020.
- Autor
- Jillian Jenkins
- Idioma
- English
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