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Past Exam
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Preguntas del test (36)
1 A conservation organization sets a goal to protect 15 species in a preserve without regard to which species. What concepts is their objective based upon?
- Agenetic diversity
- Bevenness
- Ccomposition
- Drichness
2All nature's contributions to people are also considered ecosystem services.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3although all species will go extinct at some point, during previous mass extinction events, extinctions were balanced by
- Aimmigration
- Bdensity-dependent effects
- Cgenetic diversity
- Dspeciation
4Choose all the potential reasons against persevering a single large reserve
- Aincreased edge and isolation
- Bspecies diversity increases with area
- Cno redundancy if a catastrophe
- Dless habit variation
5Ecosystem functions are
- Aprovision of goods and services that solely benefit humans
- Bn-dimension of factors that support positive population growth
- Calways make a contribution to human
- Dprocess that governs flows of matter, nutrients, and energy
6How many species exist on Earth, based on best current estimates?
- A2-8 million
- B1.5 million
- C800,000
- D50 million
7Phosphorus comes from
- Afixation
- Bmining
- Cnatural weathering of rocks
- Drecycled from living material
8RCPs with higher number specifcally indicate:
- Athe number of years until zero-emissions are reached
- Bgreater radiative forcing in 2100 and thus more climate change
- Cgigation oof CO2 emissions in 2050 and thus more climate change
- Dsea-level rise expected in 2100 and related to potential climate change
9The SLOSS debate, although unsettled might be resolved by including habit corridors between many small reseveres
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
10The difference between adaptive and actual evidence is that adaptive evolution improves a population's fitness in its local environment where area natural evolution does not affect fitness
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11The portfolio effect is a mechanism often seen in a diverse system whereby
- Aproductivity becomes more variable
- Bfluctuations in multiple species average out
- Clots of different species live in the same environment
- Dsummed variance are increased by species richness
12The saltmarch sparrow currently abundant but the process of extinction had begun. What term best characterizes this situation?
- Aextinction debt
- Bbiodiversity
- Cextirpation
- Dextinction spiral
13What are some solutions to preventing oceanic dead zones?
- Afacilitating decomposition to increase biological oxygen demand
- Bmaintaining vegetation in riparian zones
- Ctreating sewage future to limit nutrients
- Dusing less fertilizer on fields
14What does a GCM do?
- APredicts how biodiversity will decline in the future due to climate change
- Breconstitute past climate using a host of proxies
- Cdetermines the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- Drepresents the climate across the Earth and atmosphere using physical, chemical, ecological processes
15What is another name for a lake with low nutrients?
- Aoligotrophic
- Bmesotrophic
- Ceuphoric
- Ddistropic
16What is the process whereby ammonia becomes NO2 or NO3, and the process by which NO2 or NO3 becomes N2 r N2O?
- ANitrification, fixation
- BMineralizetoin, detiirifiction
- CFixation, mineralization
- DNitrification, denitrification
17Where are extinction risks from climate change highest?
- ANorth America
- BEurope
- CSouth America
- DAustralia
18Which are significant greenhouse gases?
- ASulfur dioxide
- BN2
- Ccarbon dioxide
- Dwater vapor
19Why do cyanobacteria increase in lakes with high Phosphorus inputs?
- ABecause cyanobacteria need a lot of ATP
- BBecause cyanobacteria are not highly limited by N
- CBecause it thrives when P/N ratios are low
- DBecause it is toxic many species
20All nature’s contributions to people are also considered ecosystem services
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21At what size is the human population expected to peak?
- A9-11 billion
- B11-13 billion
- C13-15 billion
- D15-17 billion
22Choose all the factors that can decrease human population growth?
- AFlat population pyramid
- BEmpowerment of women
- CHigher economic opportunity
- DHigher child survival
23Choose all the potential reasons against preserving a single large reserve:
- Aincreased edge and isolation
- Bspecies diversity increases with area
- Cno redundancy if catastrophe
- Dless habitat variation
24Habitat is to matrix as …
- Adegradation is to loss
- BSwiss is to cheese
- Chole is to donut
- Dplanet is to space
25Historical redlining of neighborhoods has led to what ecological effect according to Schell et al.?
- Amore greenspaces in redlined districts
- Bmore species interactions in the redlined neighborhoods
- Cecosystems are homogeneous across cities
- Dluxury effect where biodiversity increases with neighborhood wealth
26If nature's contributions to people are valued and incorporated into decision-making, then all the world's biodiversity would be protected.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
27Land sparing assumes that the best way to maintain biodiversity is to
- Aallow for multiple uses
- Bcreate a lot of small reserves
- Cleave nature untouched
- Dmanage land for both nature and humans
28SLOSS stands for Single Large or Several Spared reserves
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29Did the Clean Air Act provisions for acid rain save more money than they cost?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
30The rivet analogy to biodiversity proposes that
- Aall species are equal in their importance in ecosystems
- Ball species are critical in the ecosystem
- Cthat only certain species are critical to maintaining the ecosystem
- Dspecies are like paintings in a famous museum
31Urbanization is currently among the most widespread land covers in the world.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
32What is the approximate doubling time of a population growing at 10% per year?
- A7 years
- B3.5 years
- C.69 years
- D70 years
33What stage in the demographic transition are we currently in?
- AMortality transition: lower mortality but high fertility
- BFertility transition: fertility falls but still exceeds mortality
- CPost transition: low mortality equals low fertility
- DPre-transition: high mortality and high fertility
34When did the human population growth rate peak?
- A1920's
- B1950's
- C1600's
- DIndustrial revolution
35Who won the famous bet on population growth and the scarcity of materials?
- APaul Ehrlich
- BJulian Simon
36Why is the dawn of agriculture not a great Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene?
- AAgriculture began in different places at different times
- BSpecies were exchanged between the Old and New Worlds
- CCeramics all begin to appear at the same time
- DFossil pollen is increasing found from domestic plants
Información
- Descripción
- 1 Environmental Studies Test sobre Past Exam , creado por Kelly Yeung el 12/12/2020.
- Autor
- Kelly Yeung
- Idioma
- English
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