Test
Ch 13 practice
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Preguntas del test (50)
1The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information, behavior patterns, or abilities, characterized by modifications of behavior as a result of practice, study, or experience is called [blank_start]learning[blank_end].
- Alearning
2Select the correct statements about memory:
- Arefers to the ability to learn and neurally encode information
- Bincludes the ability to consolidate the information for longer-term storage
- Cincludes the ability to retrieve or reactivate the consolidated information at a later time
- Drefers to the specific information that is stored in the brain
3The severe impairment of memory is called [blank_start]amnesia[blank_end].
- Aamnesia
4Difficulty retrieving memories formed before the onset of amnesia is called [blank_start]retrograde[blank_end] [blank_start]amnesia[blank_end].
- Aretrograde
- Bamnesia
5Patient H.M. was named [blank_start]Henry[blank_end] [blank_start]Molaison[blank_end], and he was a man who was unable to encode new declarative memories because of surgical removal of [blank_start]medial[blank_end] [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] [blank_start]lobe[blank_end] structures.
- AHenry
- BMolaison
- Cmedial
- Dtemporal
- Elobe
6Difficulty in forming new memories beginning with the onset of a disorder is called [blank_start]anterograde[blank_end] [blank_start]amnesia[blank_end].
- Aanterograde
- Bamnesia
7The [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] is a medial temporal lobe structure that is important for learning and memory.
- Ahippocampus
8[blank_start]Declarative[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end] is a memory that can be stated or described.
- ADeclarative
- Bmemory
9[blank_start]Nondeclarative[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end] is a memory that is shown by performance rather than by conscious recollection, also known as procedural memory.
- ANondeclarative
- Bmemory
10delayed non-matching-to-simple task refers to a test in which the individual must respond to the [blank_start]unfamiliar[blank_end] [blank_start]stimulus[blank_end] in a pair of stimuli
- Aunfamiliar
- Bstimulus
11Patient N.A. is a still living man who is unable to encode new declarative memories, because of damage to the [blank_start]dorsomedial[blank_end] [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end] and the [blank_start]mammillary[blank_end] bodies.
- Adorsomedial
- Bthalamus
- Cmammillary
12A limbic system structure that is connected to the hippocampus is the [blank_start]dorsomedial[blank_end] [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end].
- Adorsomedial
- Bthalamus
13The [blank_start]mammillary[blank_end] [blank_start]body[blank_end] is one of a pair of limbic system structures that are connected to the hippocampus.
- Amammillary
- Bbody
14[blank_start]Korsakoff's[blank_end] [blank_start]syndrome[blank_end] is a memory disorder characterized by thiamine deficiency, that is generally associated with chronic alcoholism.
- AKorsakoff's
- Bsyndrome
15[blank_start]Confabulation[blank_end] is when someone fills a gap in memory with a falsification. [blank_start]Confabulation[blank_end] is often seen in [blank_start]Korsakoff's[blank_end] Syndrome.
- AConfabulation
- BConfabulation
- CKorsakoff's
16Patient K.C. was a man named [blank_start]Kent[blank_end] [blank_start]Cochrane[blank_end] who sustained damage to the cortex that rendered him unable to form and retrieve [blank_start]episodic[blank_end] memories.
- AKent
- BCochrane
- Cepisodic
17[blank_start]Episodic[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end] is memory of a particular incident or a particular time and place. Also called autobiographical memory.
- AEpisodic
- Bmemory
18[blank_start]Semantic[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end] refers to generalized declarative memory, such as knowing the meaning of a word.
- ASemantic
- Bmemory
19[blank_start]Skill[blank_end] [blank_start]learning[blank_end] is the process of to perform a challenging task simply by repeating it over and over.
- ASkill
- Blearning
20Which of the following are true of basal ganglia?
- Athey're a group of forebrain nuclei
- Bthey include the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and putamen
- Cthey are found superficial within the cerebral hemispheres
- Dthey are found deep within the cerebral hemispheres
- Ethey are crucial for skill learning
21The phenomenon by which exposure to a stimulus facilitates subsequent responses to the same or a similar stimulus is called [blank_start]priming[blank_end].
- Apriming
22[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] [blank_start]learning[blank_end] is a type of learning in which an association is formed between two stimuli or between a stimulus and a response. It includes both classical and instrumental conditioning.
- AAssociative
- Blearning
23[blank_start]Classical[blank_end] [blank_start]conditioning[blank_end] is a type of associative learning in which an originally neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit a conditioned response when presented alone, also called pavlovian conditioning.
- AClassical
- Bconditioning
24The [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end] is a structure located at the back of the brain, dorsal to the pons, that is involved in the central regulation of movement and some forms of learning.
- Acerebellum
25[blank_start]Instrumental[blank_end] [blank_start]conditioning[blank_end] is a form of associative learning in which the likelihood that an act (instrumental response) will be performed depends on the consequences (reinforcing stimuli) that follow it; also called operant conditioning.
- AInstrumental
- Bconditioning
26A mental representation of the relative spatial organization of objects and information is called a [blank_start]cognitive[blank_end] [blank_start]map[blank_end].
- Acognitive
- Bmap
27A [blank_start]place[blank_end] [blank_start]cell[blank_end] is a neuron in the hippocampus that selectively fires when the animal is in a particular location
- Aplace
- Bcell
28A [blank_start]sensory[blank_end] [blank_start]buffer[blank_end] is a very brief type of memory that stores the sensory impression of a scene; in vision it is sometimes called iconic memory.
- Asensory
- Bbuffer
29[blank_start]Short[blank_end]-[blank_start]term[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end] (STM) is a form of memory that usually lasts only seconds, or as long as rehearsal continues; [blank_start]working[blank_end] memory can be considered a portion of STM where information can be manipulated.
- AShort
- Bterm
- Cmemory
- Dworking
30[blank_start]long[blank_end]-[blank_start]term[blank_end] [blank_start]memory[blank_end] (LTM) is an enduring form of memory that lasts days, weeks, months, or years. LTM has a very large capacity.
- Along
- Bterm
- Cmemory
31[blank_start]Encoding[blank_end] is the first process in the memory system, in which the information entering sensory channels is passed into [blank_start]short[blank_end]-[blank_start]term[blank_end] memory.
- AEncoding
- Bshort
- Cterm
32[blank_start]Consolidation[blank_end] is the second process in the memory system in which information in the short-term memory is transferred to long-term memory.
- AConsolidation
33[blank_start]Retrieval[blank_end] is the third process of the memory system in which a stored memory is used by an organism.
- ARetrieval
34[blank_start]post[blank_end]-[blank_start]traumatic[blank_end] [blank_start]stress[blank_end] [blank_start]disorder[blank_end] ([blank_start]PTSD[blank_end]) is a disorder in which memories of an unpleasant episode plague the victim
- Apost
- Btraumatic
- Cstress
- Ddisorder
- EPTSD
35A [blank_start]memory[blank_end] [blank_start]trace[blank_end] is a persistent change in the brain that reflects the storage of memory ; also called an engram
- Amemory
- Btrace
36[blank_start]reconsolidation[blank_end] is the return of a memory trace to stable long-term storage after it has been temporarily made changeable during the process of recall
- Areconsolidation
37[blank_start]neuroplasticity[blank_end] is the ability of the nervous system to change in response to experience or the environment.
- Aneuroplasticity
38[blank_start]Impoverished[blank_end] [blank_start]condition[blank_end] (IC) refers to an environment for laboratory rodents in which each animal is housed singly in a small cage without complex stimuli.
- AImpoverished
- Bcondition
39[blank_start]standard[blank_end] [blank_start]condition[blank_end] (SC) is the usual environment for laboratory rodents, with a few animals in a cage and adequate food and water but no complex stimulation.
- Astandard
- Bcondition
40The [blank_start]enriched[blank_end] [blank_start]condition[blank_end] (EC) is an environment for laboratory rodents in which animals are group-housed with a wide variety of stimulus objects
- Aenriched
- Bcondition
41[blank_start]habituation[blank_end] is a form of non-associative learning in which an organism becomes less responsive following repeated presentations of a stimulus.
- Ahabituation
42A [blank_start]Hebbian[blank_end] [blank_start]synapse[blank_end] is a synapse that is strengthened when it successfully drives the postsynaptic cell.
- AHebbian
- Bsynapse
43A [blank_start]tetanus[blank_end] is an intense volley of action potentials.
- Atetanus
44[blank_start]long[blank_end]-[blank_start]term[blank_end] [blank_start]potentiation[blank_end] (LTP) is a stable and enduring increase in the effectiveness of synapses following repeated strong stimulation.
- Along
- Bterm
- Cpotentiation
45The [blank_start]dentate[blank_end] [blank_start]gyrus[blank_end] is a strip of gray matter in the hippocampal formation.
- Adentate
- Bgyrus
46[blank_start]Glutamate[blank_end] is an amino acid transmitter. [blank_start]Glutamate[blank_end] is the most common excitatory transmitter.
- AGlutamate
- BGlutamate
47An [blank_start]NMDA[blank_end] [blank_start]receptor[blank_end] is a glutamate receptor that also binds the glutamate agonist [blank_start]NMDA[blank_end] (N-methyl-d-aspartate) and is both ligand-gated and voltage-sensitive.
- ANMDA
- Breceptor
- CNMDA
48An [blank_start]AMPA[blank_end] [blank_start]receptor[blank_end] is a fast-acting ionotropic glutamate receptor that also binds the glutamate agonist AMPA.
- AAMPA
- Breceptor
49A [blank_start]retrograde[blank_end] [blank_start]transmitter[blank_end] is a neurotransmitter that is released by the postsynaptic neuron, diffuses back across the synapse, and alters the functioning of the presynaptic neuron
- Aretrograde
- Btransmitter
50Which of the following are true about long term potentiation (strengthening of synaptic transmission)?
- Anormally the NMDA channel is blocked by Mg ions
- Bnormally only the AMPA channel functions in exciting the neuron
- Cover time the activation of the AMPA receptors which causes depolarization of the neuron drives Mg ions out of the NMDA channel
- DWhen Mg ions are driven out of the NMDA receptor, Calcium ions are allowed in
- EThe rapid entry of Calcium ions trigger second-messenger systems which leads to LTP, increasing the effectiveness of existing AMPA receptors and moving more into the membrane
- FIn some cases, retrograde transmitters, perhaps nitric oxide, reach the presynaptic terminal to enhance neurotransmitter release
- GThe changes make the synapse more responsive
- Hthe postsynaptic cell will now have a stronger response, as more transmitter is released and more AMPA receptors are present
Información
- Descripción
- Biology Test sobre Ch 13 practice, creado por Colleen File el 12/11/2021.
- Autor
- Colleen File
- Idioma
- English
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