Test
Circulatory System I
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Preguntas del test (102)
11. In which functional NYHA class belonging to a patient who does not have a sense of breathlessness with activities of daily living (washing, walking on the flat), but difficulties arise in the medium exertion (climbing the stairs one floor):
- AI
- BII
- CIII
- DIV
- EV
22. The biggest difference in blood pressure between the two hands, which is regarded as a physiological, is:
- Aa. 0 mmHg
- Bb. 5 mmHg
- Cc. 10 mmHg
- Dd. 20 mmHg
- Ee. 40 mmHg
33. For any of these conditions are characterized by convergent blood pressure?
- Aa. severe aortic insufficiency
- Bb. mitral insufficiency
- Cc. cardiogenic shock (low stroke volume, large vascular resistance)
- Dd. septic shock
- Ee. anaphylactic shock
4
4. Cannon venous wave a characteristic of:- Aa. sinus bradycardia
- Bb. sinus tachycardia
- Cc. atrioventricular dissociation
- Dd. trikuspidalno regurgitation
- Ee. pulmonary hypertension
55. prominent venous (c-v) wave to be seen at:
- Aa. structural pericarditis
- Bb. cardiac tamponade
- Cc. hipervolemiji
- Dd. mitral regurgitation
- Ee. tricuspid regurgitation
66. The characteristics of the first cardiac tone are:
- Aa. at the top of the heart is louder than other tone
- Bb. It is extremely high-frequency tone
- Cc. left bundle branch block causes a wide inoculated first tone
- Dd. right bundle branch block causes inoculated/splitted first tone
- Ee. at the base of the tricuspid vocal component of the first tone
77. What applies to the third heart tone:
- Aa. It is always pathological discovery
- Bb. the low frequency tone
- Cc. hear just before the first tone
- Dd. the volume is not commensurate with the clinical significance
- Ee. rarely heard in heart failure
88. schema shows auscultation features that can be found at:
- Aa. combined aortic defects
- Bb. defect combined pulmonary stenosis
- Cv. the leak of the atrial septum
- Dd. the leak ventricular septum
- Ee. severe mitral regurgitation
99. schema shows auscultation features that can be found at:
- Aa. severe aortic regurgitation
- Bb. aortic stenosis
- Cc. the leak of the atrial septum
- Dd. the leak ventricular septum
- Ee. mitral regurgitation
1010. Paradoxical pulse is:
- Aa. pulse caused by premature (Extraordinary) flashes
- Bb. excessive reduction pulse during inhalation
- Cc. excessive reduction in pulse expiratory
- Dd. characterized in ventricular ektrasistoliji
- Ee. characteristic in cardiac tamponade
- Ff. characterized in patients with severe atherosclerosis of the aorta
1111. Characteristics of central venous pressure (CVP)
- Aa. in a healthy person is between 10 and 20 mm Hg
- Bb. It is reduced in pulmonary embolism
- Cc. wave in the curve CVP was higher in tricuspid insufficiency
- Dd. The cannon wave is a sign of atrioventricular dissociation
- Ee. in atrial fibrillation is an elevational curve CVP a wave
1212. Features of the tone of the heart are:
- Aa. third tone is a high-frequency tone
- Bb. Third tone is often heard in athletes
- Cc. Fourth tone heard in telediastole
- Dd. increased pressure in the pulmonary artery causes a paradoxical sliced II tone
- Ee. in atrial fibrillation fourth tone not heard
1313. How is defined orthostatic hypotension?
- Aa. if we find a drop in systolic blood pressure when the patient stands up from a lying position
- Bb. if we find a fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure when the patient stands up from a lying position
- Cc. if the patient has syncope or dizziness when the patient stands up from a lying position
- Dd. if a drop in blood pressure of at least 30/20 mm Hg when the patient stands up from a lying position
- Ee. if a drop in blood pressure of at least 60/30 mm Hg, the patient stands up from a lying position
1414. By feel the pulse can be distinguished:
- Aa. pulse
- Bb. pace pulse
- Cc. is filled pulse
- Dd. the shape of the pulse wave
- Ee. all of the above under a, b, c and d
15
15. In probing pulse estimate his filling. When is filled not increased?- Aa. in hemoglobin in the blood of 60 g / l
- Bb. the body temperature of 40 °. C
- Cc. patients with severe aortic valve stenosis
- Dd. patients with severe aortic valve insufficiency
- Ee. with exercise
1616. Which of the heart, showing the noise, which is schematically shown in Figure?
- Aa. Aortic stenosis
- Bb. mitral insufficiency
- Cc. aortic insufficiency
- Dd. mitral stenosis
- Ee. ventricular septal defect
1717. Which of the heart, showing the noise, which is schematically shown in Figure?
- Aa. Aortic stenosis
- Bb. mitral insufficiency
- Cc. aortic insufficiency
- Dd. mitral stenosis
- Ee. ventricular septal defect
1818. Which of the heart, showing the noise, which is schematically shown in Figure?
- Aa. Aortic stenosis
- Bb. mitral insufficiency
- Cc. aortic insufficiency
- Dd. mitral stenosis
- Ee. mitral valve prolapse
1919. When you do not expect widely split second heart tone?
- Aa. pulmonary embolism
- Bb. with right bundle branch block
- Cc. with left bundle branch block
- Dd. when the leak ventricular septum
- Ee. in primary pulmonary hypertension
2020. For any of the above conditions is not characterized by excessive jugular vein pressure?
- Aa. pulmonary embolism
- Bb. cardiac tamponade
- Cc. syndrome of the upper hollow vein
- Dd. right ventricular infarction
- Ee. lobar pneumonia
2121. The X-ray image shows the structure of the heart. Mark the correct combination.
- Ad. 1- left ventricle, 2-right ventricle-3-right atrium , 4-pulmonary artery, 5-aorta, 6-upper hollow vein
- Baprenderse esta
2222. What we do not see a xray image of thoracic organs in left heart failure?
- AA: increased heart shadow
- BB: reordering of circulation in the upper parts of the lungs
- CC: blurry wire drawing
- DD: Kerley B lines
- EE: Westermark sign
2323. For what all could arise as pleural effusion, which is seen in X-ray chest?
- AA: left heart failure
- BB: pneumonia, which extends to the pleura
- CPleural carcinosis
- DD: inflammation thin barbel
- EE: right-sided heart failure
2424. What can the transparent X-ray chest deduced elevated pulmonary arterial pressure?
- AA: Extended shade pulmonary hilus
- BB: pulmonary highlighted arc to contour hearts
- CC: Bold wire drawing in the lung fields
- DD: Disseminated pulmonary infiltrates after
- EE: Move to the right mediastinumma
2525. How is defined increase in heart silhouette on a transparent chest X-ray?
- AA: The outline of the heart extends beyond the median line in the right
- Bb: The diameter of the contour of the heart is larger than half the diameter of the chest
- Cc: The diameter of the contour of the heart rate is greater than two thirds of the diameter of the chest
- Dd: The contours of the heart extends to the left side of the chest
- Ee: Sizes cardiac silhouette is not assessed in the overview image
2626. Select when we do not get increased contour of heart on a transparent X-ray of thoracic organs.
- Aa. In normal-sized heart if you take a picture of exhalation
- Bb. In normal-sized heart if pictures in a deep breath
- Cc: In the case of an aneurysm of the left ventricle
- Dd: the expansion cardiomyopathy
- Ee: When there is Pericardial effusion
2727. Circle the correct combination of answers that apply to heart failure. (131)
- Aa. interstitial pulmonary edema occurs when the pulmonary capillary pressure rises above 10 mm Hg
- Bb. alveolar pulmonary edema caused when raised pulmonary capillary pressure is above 25 mmHg
- Cc. Kerley B lines are characteristic of interstitial pulmonary edema and represent a wider peripheral pulmonary veins
- Dd. Kerley A lines are characteristic of interstitial pulmonary edema and represent thickened peribronchial angitis (from periphery to hila)
- Ee. When heart failure occurs first perivascular edema in the upper lobe of the lung due to decreased alveolar pressure
2828 Correct position of electrodes for recording ECG:
- Aa. precordial first electrode placed in another intercostal space right parasternal
- Bb. precordial first electrode placed in another intercostal space left parasternal
- Cc. precordial first electrode is placed in the fourth space on right parasternal
- Dd. precordial third electrode placed in the fourth intercostal space left medioclavicular
- Ee. electrode extraction V8 lies in the line of the left medioscapula
29
29. What circumstances caused by left heart axis deviation?- Aa. obesity
- Bb. anterior wall infarction (anterior myocardial infarction)
- Cc. inferior/lower wall infarction (inferior myocardial infarction)
- Dd. left bundle branch block
- Ee. right bundle branch block
3030. Which of the following we see in a normal electrocardiogram?
- Aa. T wave is negative in AVR
- Bb. the width of the QRS complex is between 100 and 150 ms
- Cc. P wave is negative in AVL
- Dd. width of the p-wave is 4-5mm
- Ee. electrical axis is between 0 and -90°
3131. When there is an ECG with cardiac axis deviation to the left, may be present:
- Aa. slim figure
- Bb. anterior wall/myocardial infarction
- Cc. inferior wall/myocardial infarction
- Dd. pulmonary embolism
- Ee. rear left hemiblock
3232. Which of the following is electrocardiographic criterion for left ventricular hypertrophy?
- Aa. positive D V1
- Bb. QRS complex is wider than 125 ms
- Cc. right cardiac axis
- Dd. small R in AVL
- Ee. [(S V1) + (D V5)]> 35 mm (Sokolow index)
336. What is the typical record wave P in II extremity outlet in the enlargement of the left atrium:
- AThe D is P pulmunar in V1 (right atrium enlargement)
- BThe E is P mitralic als but in V1 (left enlargement)
- CB. b (P mitralic in II )
3433. What is evident in the record ECG?
- Aa. left bundle branch block
- Bb. right bundle branch block
- Cc. laevorotatory and right bundle branch block
- Dd. WPW syndrome
- Ee. ECG is characterized by severe hyperkalemia
3534. Which of the following you see in the electrocardiographic record?
- Aa. left bundle branch block
- Bb. right bundle branch block
- Cc. laevorotatory and right bundle branch block
- Dd. WPW syndrome
- Ee. ECG is characterized by severe hyperkalemia
3635. Which of the following you see in the electrocardiographic record?
asse perpendicolare alla II, R aumentata in V5V6 e S in V1V2
- Aa: left bundle branch block
- Bb: right bundle branch block
- Cc: left ventricular hypertrophy
- Dd: right ventricular hypertrophy
- Ee: right heart axis
3736. Which of the following you see in the electrocardiogram?
asse perp alla I, V1 cn R positiva invece che S
- Aa: left bundle branch block
- Bb: right bundle branch block
- Cc: left ventricular hypertrophy
- Dd: right ventricular hypertrophy
- Ee: right heart axis
3837. ECG recording is characterized by:
- Aa. heart attack, the front wall
- Bb. ventricular tachycardia
- Cwith. left ventricular hypertrophy
- Dd. hyperkalemia
- Ee. hypokalaemia
3938. AMI lateral will rise in ECG with an ST elevation visible in the outlet:
- Aa. II, III, AVF
- Bb. AVR V4R
- Cc. I, V1, V2
- Dd. V2, V3, V4,
- Ee. I, AVL, V6
4039. In inferior AMI will rise in ECG, ST elevation visible in the outlet:
- Aa. II, III, AVF
- Bb. AVR V4R
- Cc. I, V1, V2
- Dd. V2, V3, V4,
- Ee. I, AVL, V6
4140. In the case of anterior AMI , ST elevation ECG visible in the outlet:
- Aa. II, III, AVF
- Bb. AVR V4R
- Cc. I, V1, V2
- Dd. V2, V3, V4,
- Ee. I, AVL, V6
4241. Imagine that the recording electrocardiogram electrode above the area that is ischemic due to thrombosis and complete obstruction of the coronary arteries. In what order will slledile changes in the sink?
- Aa: A, B, C, D
- BEsta
4342. The clinic brought a dialysis patient who is severely weakened at home, so that he could no longer walk; on electrocardiographic monitor, see takšnole curve:
- Aa. a ventricular tachycardia
- Bb. a preekscitacijo type WPW tachycardia and ortodromno
- Cc. a idioventrikularni most of the A complete atrioventricular block
- Dd. a hypocalcaemia
- Ee. it is hyperkalemia
4443. When we say that the cardiac axis electrocardiogram normal?
- Aa. if it is between 30 and 60 °
- Bb. if it is between 0 and 90 °
- Cc. if it is 45 °
- Dd. if it is between -30 and 90 °
- Ee. if it is between -60 and 120 °
4544. Indications for transesophageal echocardiography include:
- Aa. suspected endocarditis
- Bb. Annual check-ups in a patient with aortic stenosis
- Cc. evaluation of artificial mitral valve regurgitation
- Dd. suspected aneurysm of the ascending aorta
- Ee. assessment of cardiac function in secondary systemic arterial hypertension
4645. How is the flow rate (velocity) of blood through the aortic valve narrowed in comparison with a normal valve:
- Aa. unchanged
- Bb. increased
- Cc. reduced
- Dd. It is not dependent on the degree of the constriction
- Ee. It depends on the degree of the constriction
4746. What can not be measured by ultrasound examination of the heart?
- Aa. dimensions chambers of the heart
- Bb. dimensional cardiac structures
- Cc. speed and direction of movement of blood to the heart
- Dd. sectional aortic valve
- Ee. saturation of the arterial blood oxygen
4847. What is not assessed by routine transthoracic ultrasound examination of the heart?
- Aa. the diameter of the left ventricle
- Bb. contraction of the left ventricle
- Cc. degree of mitral insufficiency
- Dd. The original size of pericardial effusion
- Ee. blood supply to the heart muscle
495. How understressed echocardiography performed?
- Aa. echocardiography, in which the load applied to the contrast agent
- Bb. ultrasound examination of the body obremenitvei
- Cc. ultrasound examination before and after physical exercise
- Dd. ultrasound examination between pressing the right reberni bow
- Ee. Ultrasound examination during the Valsalva maneuver
5048. Echocardiography is indicated in patients with suspected:
- AA. cardiac tamponade
- BB. Mechanical complication of heart attack
- CC. aortic stenosis
- DD. hypertonic heart
- EE. aortic dissection
5149. Indications for echocardiography transesophageal are: BCc
- AA. Acute Coronary Syndrome
- BB. Births paravalvularna regurgitation on an artificial mitral valve
- CC. Unexplained systemic embolism
- DD. Suspicion of atrial septum defect
- EE. unexplained ventricular arrhythmias
5250. For the non-invasive assessment of systolic gradient through the aortic valve needed information:
- AA. The maximum speed of blood flow through the aortic valve in systole (simplified bernulli)
- BB. The highest speed of blood flow through the aortic and pulmonary valves in systole
- CC. The diameter of the outflow tract of the left ventricle and a maximum speed of blood flow through the aortic valve in systole
- DF. Maximum speed of blood flow through the aortic valve and systemic systolic
- ED. The maximum speed of blood flow through the aortic valve and the estimated central venous pressure
5351. With doppler echocardiography and the modified Bernoulli's equation invasive Rating:
- AA. Any pressure gradient in heart
- BB. Only the systolic pressure in the right ventricle
- CC. Only gradient through the stenotic aortic valve
- DF. Central venous pressure
- ED. Just pulmonary arterial hypertension
5452. Which of radiopharmaceutical used for scintigraphy of the heart when the heart muscle viability observed?
- Aa. fludeoxyglucose (18-FDG)
- Bb. metajodbecilgvanidin (MIBG)
- Cc. technetium labeled erythrocytes
- Dd. technetium labeled palmitic acid
- Ee. C-14 hidroksiefedrin (HED)
5553. What applies to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination of the heart:
- Aa. It shows us the anatomy of the coronary arteries
- Bb. We use isotopes that emit positrons
- Cc. allows the assessment of reversible ischemia
- Dd. It does not allow for the assessment of reversible ischemia
- Ee. assess the size of scarring after acute myocardial infarction
5654. A characteristic of positron tomography (PET) heart:
- Aa. provides better image resolution than SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)
- Bb. It is easily accessible and cheap investigation
- Cc. using radioactive technetium (99mTc)
- Dd. used radioactive pile labeled pyruvate
- Ee. the balance of myocardial ischemia is the non-medical investigation
5755. What is the most important of these treatments for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy?
- Aa. assessment of the viability of the heart muscle in a patient who is a candidate for surgical revascularization
- Bb. assessment of the degree of stenosis in the coronary artery
- Cc. assessment of contraction of the walls of the left ventricle
- Dd. to decide on urgent reperfusion therapy in acute coronary syndrome
- Ee. for assessment of left-right shunt to be closed after septal rupture with acute myocardial infarction
5856. Contraindications to stress test are (circle the correct combination):
- Aa. heart attack a month ago
- Bb. unstable angina
- Cc. severe aortic stenosis
- Dd. severe heart failure (NYHA 4)
- Ee. atrial fibrillation
5957. What applies to the systemic arterial pressure during physical exercise in a healthy people?
- Aa. systolic blood pressure does not change
- Bb. systolic blood pressure drops
- Cc. systolic blood pressure increases
- Dd. diastolic blood pressure drops
- Ee. diastolic blood pressure increases
6058. What applies in relation to the exercise to the heart muscle?
- Aa. greatly increases the extraction of oxygen from the arterial blood
- Bb. there is a vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries
- Cc. flow in coronary arteries may be increased up to 5x
- Dd. signs of ischemia occur even at 30% narrowing of the coronary arteries
- Ee. double product is not a relevant criterion for the load of the heart muscle
6159. What is true for stress testing (stress elektrokardiografiijo):
- Aa. the required investigation prior to angiography
- Bb. It used mainly in people at high risk for coronary heart disease
- Cc. in people with low risk for coronary heart disease has a high specificity of the investigation
- Dd. for the detection of coronary artery disease is the most suitable in humans with moderate pre-test probability of coronary artery disease
- Ee. with symptomatic aortic stenosis helps us to decide on the need for surgery
6260. ischemia tested positive exercise stress testing (stress electrocardiography), when:
- Aa. It appears horizontal or descendent ST depression electrocardiogram during loading, with concomitant chest pain
- Bb. It appears ascendent ST depression electrocardiogram under load without concomitant pain in the chest
- Cc. where increases in systolic blood pressure between the load at 200 mm Hg
- Dd. when the QT interval between the load will be reduced by 20%
- Ee. if the load appears bundle branch block
6361. For CT angiography applies::
- Aa. It is a time-consuming investigation
- Bb. It applies iodine contrast agent, which is a nephrotoxic
- Cc. It enables 3D display vasculature through reconstruction
- Dd. Compared with angiography is a radiation dose is significantly lower
- Ee. It has a low specificity in identifying pulmonary embolism
6462. What is a contraindication for magnetic resonance angiography?
- AA: significantly impaired renal function
- BB: metallic foreign body in the eye
- CC: allergy to iodine
- DD: considerably reduced lung function
- EE: advanced liver cirrhosis
6563. When did you decide to catheter angiography instead of computer tomography or magnetic resonance angiography?
- Aa. if we are costly investigation
- Bb. if we want immediately after the imaging veins performed on the vein catheter intervention, for example. bleeding artery embolization
- Cc. never, investigations have equivalent
- Dd. if we want to get the patient a lower amount of contrast
- Ee. in the case of emergency, when every minute counts and we want to see the artery as soon as possible
6664. What diseases routinely proven by computerized tomographic angiography of the chest?
- AA: myocarditis
- BB: pulmonary embolism
- CC: heart attack
- DD: dissection of thoracic aorta
- EE: pericarditis
6765. For coronary angiography is characterized by:
- Aa. is an invasive investigation, which has a 2% mortality, it can be performed only before the planned heart surgery and in the treatment of myocardial infarction
- Bb. The most common complication is aortic dissection
- Cc. during the investigation the patient is under anesthesia
- Dd. point of entry is usually the femoral artery
- Ee. point of entry is usually the femoral vein
6866. Determine which cardiac cavity is correctly specified, normal pressure value.
- Aa. mean baseline blood pressure in the right atrium is between 1 and 5 mmHg
- Bb. systolic pulmonary artery pressure is between 35 and 45 mmHg
- Cc. pulmonary wedge pressure is between 20 and 25 mm Hg
- Dd. end-diastolic pressure in the left ventricle is between 15 and 20 mm Hg
- Ee. end-diastolic pressure in the left ventricle is between 50 and 80 mm Hg
6967. What applies to the catheter arteriogram:
- Aa. It is a non-invasive investigation
- Bb. the use of the contrast is not needed
- Cc. the only diagnostic test, yet we do not have the possibility Endovascular treatment
- Dd. It is contraindicated in arterial bleeding
- Ee. It used for the diagnosis of arterial aneurysms
7068. How to treat pseudoaneurysm that occurs as a complication of local catheter angiography :
- Aa. usually treatment is required, pseudoaneurysm itself trombozira
- Bb. ultrasound guided discomfort at the site of "neck" pseudoaneurysm
- Cc. injection of thrombin into its bag
- Dd. surgical removal
7169. The pressure curve in the figure shows a pressure:
- Aa. peripheral vein
- Bb. right atrial
- Cc. right ventricle
- Dd. pulmonary artery
- Ee. pulmonary capillary
7270. The pressure curve in the figure shows a pressure:
- Aa. the upper hollow vein
- Bb. right atrial
- Cc. right ventricle
- Dd. pulmonary artery
- Ee. LVH
7371. What is the normal value of the diastolic pressure in the left ventricle:
- Aa. 0-4 mmHg
- Bb. 5-12 mmHg
- Cc. 15-30 mmHg
- Dd. 65-90 mmHg
- Ee. 90-130 mmHg
7472. Select the correct combination of the branches of the coronary arteries and areas served by:
- Aa. diagonal branch of the left coronary artery descendentne - interventricular septum
- Bb. a diagonal branch of the left coronary artery descendentne - lower wall of the left ventricle
- Cc. marginal branch of the left circumflex coronary artery - anterior wall of the left ventricle
- Dd. Right coronary artery - interventricular septum
- Ee. Right coronary artery - the right partition
7573. Select the correct combination of the branches of the coronary arteries and areas served by:
- AA. Right coronary artery
- BB. circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
- CC. Front descendentna branch of the left coronary artery
- D1. The front wall of the left ventricle
- E2. The lower wall of the left ventricle and right ventricular
- F3. The bottom and side wall of the left ventricle
- GLearn this correct combination : b. A2, B3, C1
7674. In the case of left ventricular catheterisation obtain various information on the structure and function of the heart. What he does not appear to catheterization of the left ventricle?
- Aa. contraction of the left ventricle
- Bb. the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle
- Cc. degree of mitral regurgitation
- Dd. business disruption contraction of the left ventricle
- Ee. the size of the cavity of the left ventricle
7775. What is the cardiac index?
- Aa. heart rate divided by body surface area
- Bb. heart rate divided by the body mass index
- Cc. cardiac output divided by body surface area
- Dd. minute heart volume divided by body weight x 100
- Ee. cardiac output divided by body mass index
7876. When a patient is carried out between a right-sided catheterization determine the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in several places. Measure the right atrial 70% in the pulmonary artery 85%, pulse oxygen meter indicates the saturation of arterial blood to 100%. What do we conclude from these values?
- Aa. a normal value
- Bb. a right-to-left shunt due to ventricular septal defect
- Cc. a left-right shunt due to ventricular septal defect
- Dd. a right-to-left shunt due to atrial septal defect
- Ee. the patient has an open ductus conduit
7977. For acute heart failure is characterized by:
- Aa. often found peripheral edema
- Bb. the heart is usually increased
- Cc. contraction of the left ventricle is still seriously flawed
- Dd. The most common cause is myocardial ischaemia
- Ee. Pulmonary edema is a common
8078. Which groups of drugs used in the treatment of acute heart failure:
- Aa. beta-blockers
- Bb. agonists (inotropics and chronotropics)
- Cc. diuretics
- Dd. nitrates
- Ee. statins
8179. What is the correct way to treat heart failure relative to the value of the hemodynamic variables?
- Aa. 1 - liquid 2 - Control 3 - vasodilator and diuretic, 4 - vasodilator and inotropes
- Bb. 1 - Control 2 - vasodilator and inotropes, 3 - vazopresor, 4 - diuretics and inotropes
- Cc. 1 - Control 2 - vasodilator and diuretic, 3 - liquid, 4 - vasodilator and inotropes
- Dd. 1 - liquid, 2 - vazopresor, 3 - inotropes, 4 - inotropy and diuretic
- Ee. 1 - diuretic, 2 - diuretic, 3 - inotropes, 4 – inotropy
8280. cardiogenic shock is characterized by:
- Aa. occurs in 2-3% of patients with acute myocardial infarction
- Bb. hospital mortality was 20%
- Cc. reduced extraction of oxygen in the tissues
- De. metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap
- Ed. Patients normally required intubation and artificially ventilate
8381. The 56-year-old gentleman brought on first aid, because the last two days all the more difficult to breathe. A known heart failure. Fever. The Lord is cold, sweaty, breathe more easily when seated, RR was 170/110 mmHg, SpO2 Ohio mask is 91%. When auscultation of lung sounds inspiratorne and expiratory poke duplex in the heart auscultation systolic murmur but against apex. He brings with him an X-ray image. What is the diagnosis?
- Aa) a major lobar pneumococcal pneumonia
- Bb) pulmonary edema
- Cc) mild interstitial stasis within the heart failure
- Dd) due to COPD exacerbation of infection
- Ee) acute asthma attack
8482. How do we begin to treat pulmonary edema on the ground?
- Aa) furosemide 40 mg i.v., amoxycillin with clavulanic acid infusion fluid
- Bb) furosemide(diuretic) 40 mg i.v., puffs nitroglycerin sprays under the tongue, morphine 0.1 mg / kg of oxygen
- Cc) an infusion of dobutamine 10 microgel / kg / min, oxygen, morphine
- Dd) immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation, fluids
- Ee) zero, the patient should be promptly transported to the hospital
8583. In the case of a patient with pulmonary edema initial treatment (morphine edemid, oxygen) have not been successful - respiratory distress deepens, SpO2 falls. What would be the most appropriate next step?
- Aa) a broad-spectrum antibiotic
- Bb) the inhalation of beta agonists
- Cc) Corticosteroids
- Dd) non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
- Ee) intubation and mechanical ventilation
8684. What applies to the pulmonary artery catheter?
- Aa. the increasing number of patients with heart failure, its use is increasing
- Bb. It is inserted through the artery femoralis or artery radialis
- Cc. for inserting the necessary X-ray diaskopija
- Dd. allows continuous measurement of saturation of arterial blood
- Ee. allows the measurement of wedge pressure in the pulmonary artery, which is practically equal to the filling pressure of the left ventricle
8785. Which laboratory examination can be confirmed in the clinical heart failure as the cause of dyspnoea on exertion? By determining the concentration:
- Aa. troponin T
- Bb. troponin I
- Cc. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- Dd. brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Ee. erythropoietin
8886. What is characteristic of cardiogenic shock:
- Aa. decreased central venous pressure
- Bb. decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
- Cc. reduced wedge pressure in the pulmonary artery
- Dd. reduced saturation of mixed venous oxygen
- Ee. reduced lactate concentration in arterial blood
8987. Which investigation easiest way to determine the cause of acute heart failure:
- Aa. 12-channel ECG
- Bb. X-ray chest
- Cc. by echocardiography
- Dd. CT-examination of the chest
- Ee. Magnetic resonance tomography of the heart
9088. What position can best be tolerated patients with acute heart failure:
- Aa. Trendelenburg position
- Bb. lying position on the back
- Cc. position on the right side
- Dd. position on the left wing
- Ee. seated position
9189. Which of the offered combinations of initial supportive therapy is most correct for the patient in cardiogenic shock:
- Aa. diuretic ,vasopressor
- Bb. diuretic, vasodilator
- Cc. diuretic, colloid infusion
- Dd. inotropes, mechanical circulatory support
- Ee. digitalis, nitrate
9290. In the case of the elderly with the clinical picture of pulmonary edema, which is the blood pressure 200/110 mmHg, shows an ultrasound of the heart thickened wall of the left ventricle and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Which of the following statements is most likely to occur:
- Aa. a nekardiogeni pulmonary edema caused by increased capillary permeability in the lung
- Bb. a cardiogenic pulmonary edema resulting from left ventricular systolic dysfunction
- Cc. a cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which is a consequence of diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular
- Dd. a nekardiogeni pulmonary edema resulting hipervolemije
- Ee. a poisoning verapamil
9391. Which of the following medicines to treat patients with chronic heart failure, improves their survival?
- Aa. inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme
- Bb. thiazide diuretics
- Cc. digitalis preparations
- Dd. vasodilators
- Ee. inotropes
9492. Which of the following medicines to treat patients with chronic heart failure, improves their survival?
- Aa. beta-blockers
- Bb. thiazide diuretics
- Cc. digitalis preparations
- Dd. vasodilators
- Ee. inotropes
9593. A contraindication for the treatment of chronic heart failure with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is:
- Aa. Resting heart rate <50 / min
- Bb. hypokalaemia (<3.5 mmol / L
- Cc. stenosis of both renal arteries
- Dd. edema around the ankles
- Ee. creatinine above 100 μmol / l
9694. A contraindication for the treatment of chronic heart failure with beta-blockers between these options is:
- Aa. Resting heart rate <70 / min
- Bb. hypokalaemia (<3.5 mmol / L)
- Cc. atrioventricular block II. Instance
- Dd. edema around the ankles
- Ee. left ventricular ejection fraction <30%
97
95. What applies to the introduction of the treatment of chronic heart failure with beta-blockers?- Aa. begin treated with high dose, which is gradually lowered, depending on the heart rate
- Bb. start treatment with low doses that are gradually raise until we reach the optimum - the target dosage or side-effect, at which stop to raise the dose
- Cc. start treatment with low doses that are gradually raise until the heart rate falls below 70 per minute
- Dd. starting treatment with target doses that are gradually lowered if the patient does not tolerate treatment
- Ee. begin treatment in the acute phase of heart failure with target doses
9896. What applies to the treatment of chronic heart failure with diuretics:
- Aa. If possible, patients learn dosage
- Bb. We should never be used in combination with inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme
- Cc. in a stable phase of the disease is having regular diuretic therapy for control of nitrogen retentov 1x per month
- Dd. renal impairment is a contraindication to the use of furosemide
- Ee. the most commonly used diuretics
9997. What applies to the effects of digitalis in patients with heart failure:
- Aa. It has a mild negative inotropic operation
- Bb. increased renin secretion
- Cc. does not extend survival
- Dd. does not improve exercise capacity
- Ee. the effect is greatest in patients in functional class I or II after NYHA
10098. A side effect of aldosterone inhibitors is:
- Aa. hypokalemia
- Bb. hyperkalemia
- Cc. hypernatraemia
- Dd. hyperglycaemia
- Ee. metabolic acidosis
10199. What applies to the treatment of heart failure with cardiac pacemakers resinchronization:
- Aa. insertion is indicated only for the AV block II. or III. Instance
- Bb. insert two electrodes, one in the right atrium and one in the right partition
- Cc. applicable only come in a wide QRS complex and asynchronous contraction of the left ventricle
- Dd. improve physical performance
- Ee. reduces mortality
102100. The one-year survival after heart transplantation is:
- Aa. 10%
- Bb. 30%
- Cc. 50%
- Dd. 70%
- Ee. 90%
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Circulatory System I, creado por mano li el 03/01/2022.
- Autor
- mano li
- Idioma
- Español
- Visitas
- 233
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test