PSC 1 - Chapter 6 Homework

1. 1The gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of conditioned behaviors [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   A process that produces a relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Conditioned dislike for/avoidance of particular foods that develops when an organism becomes ill after eating food [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Idea that an organism is innately predisposed to form associations between certain stimuli and responses. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Learning processes that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Unlearned, reflexive response that occurs without prior learning [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Natural stimulus that reflexively elicits a response without the need for prior learning [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally elicit a response [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Learned responses to a previously neutral stimulus [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Learning process that involves changing the probability that a response will be repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Using learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors, and/or eliminate bad behaviors. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   Learning that occurs via perceiving the actions of the others [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   
   The probably mechanism for learning that takes place at a neural level [blank_start]___[blank_end]

   1. Aextinction
   2. Bconditioning
   3. Clearning
   4. Dlong term potentiation
   5. Etaste aversion
   6. Fobservational learning
   7. Gbehavior modification
   8. Hoperant conditioning
   9. Iconditioned response
   10. Jneutral stimulus
   11. Kunconditioned stimulus
   12. Lunconditioned response
   13. Mclassical conditioning
   14. Nbiological preparedness
2. 2If you were a rotten sibling and wanted to make your little brother or sister be afraid of dogs, you could use (classical/operant) [blank_start]classical[blank_end] conditioning
   
   If you were a helpful sibling and wanted to make your little brother or sister have better personal hygiene skills, you could use (classical/operant) [blank_start]operant[blank_end] conditioning
   
   If you act like a role model to your little brother or sister (for better or for worse) and they copy your behavior, this illustrates [blank_start]observational[blank_end] learning

   1. Aoperant
   2. Bobservational
   3. Cclassical
3. 3A rat has been allowed to explore a maze for a number of trials without ever getting a reinforcer. When food is made available at maze's center, it is is ______ that the rat will solve the maze quickly and with few errors. This phenomenon demonstrates _________.

   1. Aunlikely; latent learning
   2. Blikely; latent learning
   3. Clikely; observational learning
   4. Dunlikely; observational learning
4. 4A physical therapist who attempts to treat a person with chronic motion sickness by repeatedly exposing the person to the stimulation that causes the motion sickness is using ___________.

   1. Asensitization
   2. Bspontaneous recovery
   3. Chabituation
   4. Dorienting response
5. 5Kim is a daycare worker. She recently decided that the children would no longer be allowed to watch Batman on TV because so many kids were getting into fights on the playground after watching this cartoon. Which of the following best explains why watching Batman would influence the children to fight on the playground?

   1. Aoperant conditioning
   2. Bhabituation
   3. Cobservational
   4. Dclassical conditioning
6. 6Which of the following BEST illustrates classical conditioning?

   1. ADavid feels ill when he smells pears because they once made him sick
   2. BMatt studies hard because he wants to get good grades.
   3. CPatsy goes clothes shopping frequently because it makes her feel good.
   4. DLynda drives at the posted speed limit after seeing her father get many speeding tickets
7. 7Christine has been drinking a lot of coffee for the last several months because she needs the caffeine to have energy to get through her day. She's noticed she doesn't need to actually drink the coffee, but that the smell alone seems to give her energy.
   
   Match the example to the correct terms.
   
   Unconditioned stimulus [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   Conditioned stimulus [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   Unconditioned response [blank_start]___[blank_end]
   Conditioned response [blank_start]___[blank_end]

   1. Acaffeine
   2. Bsmell of coffee
   3. Cenergy
   4. Denergy again
8. 8Christine has been drinking a lot of coffee for the last several months because she needs the caffeine to have energy to get through her day. She's noticed she doesn't need to actually drink the coffee, but that the smell alone seems to give her energy.
   
   
   Over her summer break, Christine stops drinking coffee because she doesn't need the caffeine as much. After 3 months of not actually drinking coffee, she doesn't get a boost of energy from the smell anymore due to [blank_start]extinction[blank_end] .
   
   Come fall, she smells her friend's coffee and immediately feels a rush of energy. This is an example of [blank_start]spontaneous recovery[blank_end] .

   1. Aspontaneous recovery
   2. Bextinction
   3. Cextinction
   4. Dspontaneous recovery
9. 9Christine has been drinking a lot of coffee for the last several months because she needs the caffeine to have energy to get through her day. She's noticed she doesn't need to actually drink the coffee, but that the smell alone seems to give her energy.
   
   
   Christine gets a rush of energy when she smells her particular type of coffee (vanilla hazelnut) but she doesn't feel any effects when she smells plain, black coffee. Christine is showing __________.

   1. Astimulus discrimination
   2. Bstimulus generalization
   3. Csensitization
   4. Dhabituation
10. 10Although hunger naturally occurs in response to low blood sugar, we can easily become conditioned to feel hunger at certain times of the day due to classical conditioning. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus (US) would be the _______.

    1. Afood
    2. Btime of day
    3. Clow blood sugar
    4. Deating

11. 11Dexter is a bit of a sociopath and wants to condition his little sister Beth to be afraid of teddy bears. In order to get the BEST results, Dexter should make a loud, scary noise (before/after) [blank_start]after[blank_end] showing Beth her teddy bear. In addition, the delay between the bear and the noise should be (nonexistent/short/long) [blank_start]short[blank_end] . Last, the loud noise should be (familiar/unfamiliar) [blank_start]unfamiliar[blank_end] to Beth.

    1. Ashort
    2. Bafter
    3. Cunfamiliar
12. 12According to some theorists, people are more likely to develop phobias of spiders, snakes, or heights than to doorknobs, knives, and ladders because

    1. Adoorknobs, knives, and ladders are inherently safer than spiders, snakes, and heights
    2. Blatent learning
    3. Cwe're biologically prepared to do so
    4. Dof instinctive drift
13. 13While on vacation, Juana ate bologna and then suffered an attack of car sickness. Now, when Juana even thinks of bologna, she feels sick to her stomach. How can Juana get to the point where she can once again eat bologna without feeling sick?

    1. Ashe can't
    2. Bshe should continue to avoid bologna and eventually she will start liking it again.
    3. Cshe should resume eating bologna in situations where she is not likely to get sick.
    4. Dshe should eat a bologna sandwich right before she rides the rollercoaster at the local amusement park.
14. 14Marco always wears his seatbelt when he drives his car because he doesn't want to be thrown through the windshield if his car is hit from behind. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
    
    Chuck tries out a new aftershave. "Gross-it smells like gasoline!" complains his girlfriend. He never uses that aftershave again. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
    
    Maria does not misbehave at the dinner table because she knows if she does misbehave, she won't get dessert. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
    
    Pinky eats all of her vegetables because she knows that if she does, she'll get dessert. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
    
    Greta's cigarette lighter ignites the hair spray she has just put on her hair and burns her bangs and eyebrows. She no longer smokes when doing her hair. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
    
    Jim no longer picks up hitchhikers after the last one took all his money. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
    
    Astrid carefully brushes her teeth after each meal to reduce her number of visits to the dentist. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
    
    Paxton gets a gold star each time he makes his bed. [blank_start]___[blank_end]

    1. Apositive punishment
    2. Bnegative reinforcement
    3. Cnegative punishment
    4. Dpostitive reinforcement
    5. Epositive punishment 2
    6. Fnegative punishment 2
    7. Gnegatie reinforcement 2
    8. Hpositive reinforcement 2
15. 15Whenever young Otis wants something, he cries and screams until his parents give him what he wants. Simon's behavior is ______ reinforced by his parents' giving him what he wants, and the parents' behavior is _______ reinforced because it stops Otis' annoying crying and screaming.

    1. A+ ; +
    2. B+ ; -
    3. C- ; -
    4. D- ; +
16. 16Dennis receives attention from his teacher in the form of a scolding every time he misbehaves. As a result, Dennis misbehaves quite frequently. In this instance, it appears that the teacher's scolding is actually a _____.

    1. Aform of positive punishment
    2. Bpositively reinforcing stimulus
    3. Cform of negative punishment
    4. Dnegative reinforcing stimulus
17. 17Your chemistry instructor gives surprise pop quizzes throughout the quarter. Your studying will be reinforced on a [blank_start]_________[blank_end] schedule.
    
    Your quiz sets are always due the day before the midterm. Your studying is reinforced through a [blank_start]_____[blank_end] schedule.
    
    Megan sells magazine subscriptions over the phone. She makes many calls but only gets paid for making a sale. She is reinforced on a [blank_start]________[blank_end] schedule
    
    Jose and his colleagues assemble TVs in a factor. They get paid a bonus for every 10 TVs they produce. They are being rewarded on a [blank_start]______[blank_end] schedule.
    
    Which of the schedules leads to the most persistent behavior? [blank_start]______[blank_end]

    1. Avariable interval
    2. Bvariable ratio
    3. Cfixed ratio
    4. Dvariable ratio 2
    5. Efixed interval
18. 18Continuous schedules of reinforcement are to ___________________, as partial schedules of reinforcement are to ____________________.

    1. Aslower extinction rates; faster extinction rates
    2. Bclassical conditioning; operant conditioning
    3. Cfaster extinction rates; slower extinction rates
    4. Dfeasible; difficult

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1 (Exam 2) Psychology 001 Test sobre PSC 1 - Chapter 6 Homework, creado por Olivia Tait el 05/11/2015.

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