PSY 359 Behavior Analysis Exam 1

1. 1[blank_start]Functional class[blank_end] – refers to behaviours that look different, but serve the same function

   1. AFunctional class
2. 2[blank_start]Extinction burst[blank_end] – increase in frequency, rate, and/or duration of target behaviour following the institution of extinction procedures

   1. AExtinction burst
3. 3[blank_start]Behavior[blank_end] is defined as anything a person says or does.

   1. ABehavior
4. 4[blank_start]Applied Behavior analysis[blank_end] - the systematic application of learning principles and techniques to assess and improve individuals’ covert and overt behaviors in order to enhance their functioning.

   1. AApplied Behavior analysis
5. 5The basic principle of [blank_start]operant conditioning[blank_end] is that any behavior that is reinforced will occur more frequently.
   

   1. Aoperant conditioning
6. 6Anything that increases the frequency of a behavior is a [blank_start]reinforcer[blank_end].

   1. Areinforcer
7. 7[blank_start]Stimulus[blank_end] ⇢ [blank_start]Response[blank_end] ⇢ [blank_start]Reinforcer[blank_end]

   1. AStimulus
   2. BResponse
   3. CReinforcer
8. 8What is most likely the function of this behavior?
   Dylan has been taking his clothes off in the classroom. During a structured observation, the therapist noticed that when the time for the class to go to the library approaches, Dylan gets really agitated. When the teacher announces, "Time to clean up to go to the library," Dylan will throw himself on the floor and start pulling his shirt off. It has now gotten to the point where he quickly pulls his socks and pants off, as well, so the office will call his mother to take him home.

   1. AAvoidance/Escape
   2. BAttention
   3. CAcquisition
   4. DSelf-stimulation
9. 9What is most likely the function of this behavior?
   Andy is seventh grader with low functioning autism. He has been hitting girls when he goes to lunch or gym, not hard (affectionately referred to as "love pats.") He usually grins after he has done it.

   1. AAvoidance/Escape
   2. BAttention
   3. CAcquisition
   4. DSelf-stimulation
10. 10Sometimes “[blank_start]desirable[blank_end]” things aren’t reinforcers, sometimes “[blank_start]undesirable[blank_end]” things are.

    1. Adesirable
    2. Bundesirable

11. 11Reinforcement works best when delivered immediately (e.g., less than 15 seconds) after the target behavior.
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
12. 12Reinforcement principles can & should be used to teach appropriate replacement behaviors as well as to reinforce “naturally” occurring appropriate behaviors.
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
13. 13Reinforcement works best when the behavior being reinforced is specified.
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
14. 14[blank_start]Punishment[blank_end] - anything that decreases the frequency of a behavior that immediately precedes
    

    1. APunishment
15. 15Punishment teaches children how to behave.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
16. 16[blank_start]Response cost[blank_end] is a type of mild punishment in which something that is reinforcing is taken away.

    1. AResponse cost
17. 17[blank_start]Differential reinforcement[blank_end] - Reinforcing appropriate or desired behaviors while withholding reinforcement for inappropriate or problematic behaviors
    

    1. ADifferential reinforcement
18. 18What type of reinforcers can often be delivered more immediately than the backup reinforce and help bridge delays between behavior and more powerful reinforcers?

    1. AConditioned reinforcers
    2. BUnconditioned reinforcers
    3. CBackup reinforcers
19. 19Things like food and water are examples of ______________________, which are reinforcers that you do not have to experience in your past for them to be reinforcing.

    1. AUnconditioned reinforcers
    2. BConditioned reinforcers
    3. CBackup reinforcers
20. 20In trading in 10 earned stickers for a toy or redeeming a coupon for a free sandwich at a restaurant, both the toy and sandwich would serve as _____________________.

    1. AConditioned reinforcers
    2. BUnconditioned reinforcers
    3. CBackup reinforcers
21. 21What is the optimal ratio between reinforcement & punishment?

    1. A5:1
    2. B7:1
    3. C6:1
    4. D1:5
    5. E1:7
    6. F1:6
22. 22What is this an example of?
    As child is wandering away: “Seth, I need you to stay close to me so you can earn that can of juice”.

    1. APrompt
    2. BTransitional prompt
    3. CNegative reinforcement
    4. DModeling
23. 23What is this an example of?
    “In 5 minutes, we’ll stop playing PE and go back to class… In 3 minutes…. In 1 minute…” “Now, please put the ball in the basket, line up quietly by the door, and wait until I lead you back to class.”

    1. ATransitional prompt
    2. BPrompt
    3. CNegative reinforcement
    4. DPunishment
24. 24Having a parent demonstrate different ways of behaving appropriately in different situations would be an example of [blank_start]modeling[blank_end].

    1. Amodeling
25. 25When teaching new skills to a kid, [blank_start]role play[blank_end] different relevant scenarios when possible.

    1. Arole play
26. 26Providing choices of activities and reinforcers would be an example of which antecedent intervention class?

    1. Arearrange environment
    2. Bintervene early in chain of behavior
    3. Cconsistent reinforcement of desirable behavior
    4. Dclear prompts
    5. Eclear & specific expectations
    6. Fdecrease demands
27. 27Identifying initial behaviors that reliably precede problematic behavior, when they occur prompting appropriate behavior & make child aware of reinforcement that will follow. Which antecedent intervention class would this most appropriately belong to?

    1. Arearrange environment
    2. Bintervene early in chain of behavior
    3. Cconsistent reinforcement of desirable behavior
    4. Dclear prompts
    5. Eclear & specific expectations
    6. Fdecrease demands
28. 28“You’ve been doing a good job this morning working toward that computer time. Let’s sit down, take a deep breath, and start working on your math so you can keep earning those points.” This is most accuratelly an example of which antecedent intervention class?

    1. Arearrange environment
    2. Bintervene early in chain of behavior
    3. Cconsistent reinforcement of desirable behavior
    4. Dclear prompts
    5. Eclear & specific expectations
    6. Fdecrease demands
29. 29Reduce number of instructions, then slowly increase. This is most accurately an example of which antecedent intervention class?

    1. Arearrange environment
    2. Bintervene early in chain of behavior
    3. Cconsistent reinforcement of desirable behavior
    4. Dclear prompts
    5. Eclear & specific expectations
    6. Fdecrease demands
30. 30[blank_start]Extinction[blank_end] - when a response (previously reinforced) is not followed by reinforcement, person is less likely to engage in behavior again
    

    1. AExtinction
31. 31[blank_start]Continuous[blank_end] Reinforcement - every correct response is reinforced; fast learning & fast extinction
    

    1. AContinuous
32. 32[blank_start]Intermittent[blank_end] Reinforcement - only some correct responses are reinforced; slow learning & extinction
    

    1. AIntermittent
33. 33[blank_start]Variable-ratio[blank_end] schedule - The number of responses required to produce reinforcement changes unpredictably from one reinforcement to the next. Produces a high steady rate of responding. Also produces no (or at least very small) post-reinforcement phase
    

    1. AVariable-ratio
34. 34[blank_start]Fixed-ratio[blank_end] schedule - Reinforcement occurs each time a set number of responses of a particular type are emitted. Produce high steady rate of responding until reinforcement, followed by a post-reinforcement pause. The higher the value of the FR the longer the pause. Produce high rate of extinction
    

    1. AFixed-ratio
35. 35When some of the behavior is tolerable (and it’s not feasible to completely eliminate it) and some of the behavior is desirable, it is best to use _____________________ .

    1. ADifferential reinforcement of low responding
    2. BDifferential reinforcement of ‘Zero’ responding
    3. CDifferential reinforcement of incompatible responding
    4. DDifferential reinforcement of alternate behavior
36. 36In _____________________ a reinforcer is presented only if response does not occur within time interval. If response occurs, timing of interval starts again. The length of the interval is increased gradually until behavior occurs very rarely or not at all and a minimum amount of reinforcement is given for nonoccurrence.

    1. ADifferential reinforcement of ‘Zero’ responding
    2. BDifferential reinforcement of low responding
    3. CDifferential reinforcement of incompatible responding
    4. DDifferential reinforcement of alternate behavior
37. 37Instead of reinforcing running, reinforce sitting, or laying down. This is an example of __________________.

    1. ADifferential reinforcement of incompatible responding
    2. BDifferential reinforcement of ‘Zero’ responding
    3. CDifferential reinforcement of low responding
    4. DDifferential reinforcement of alternate behavior
38. 38______________________________ refers to the reinforcement of other, topographically dissimilar behavior.

    1. ADifferential reinforcement of alternate behavior
    2. BDifferential reinforcement of incompatible responding
    3. CDifferential reinforcement of ‘Zero’ responding
    4. DDifferential reinforcement of low responding
39. 39Whenever you come home from work, the first thing you do is feed your dog. As a result, your dog gets excited as soon as he hears your car pulling up at the driveway, barking and running to the door. Eventually, he begins to get excited as soon as any family member arrives in their car, thinking that he will get fed as well. Every time he hears any car pull up at the driveway, he starts barking and running to the door. That is Stimulus Generalization. But if none of the other family members ever feed the dog as soon as they arrive home, your dog eventually learns that it is only the sound of your car pulling up at the driveway that's worth getting excited about.
    This is an example of [blank_start]stimulus discrimination[blank_end].

    1. Astimulus discrimination
40. 40If a child has been conditioned to fear a stuffed white rabbit, it will exhibit fear of objects similar to the conditioned stimulus such as a white toy rat.
    This is an example of [blank_start]stimulus generalization[blank_end].

    1. Astimulus generalization
41. 41[blank_start]Stimulus control[blank_end] - a change in rate, latency, duration, or amplitude of the response in the presence of specific stimuli

    1. AStimulus control
42. 42Toothpaste tube is [blank_start]discriminative stimulus[blank_end] for unscrewing top, unscrewing top is [blank_start]discriminative stimulus[blank_end] for picking up toothbrush, picking up toothbrush is [blank_start]discriminative stimulus[blank_end] for putting toothpaste on it.

    1. Adiscriminative stimulus
    2. Bdiscriminative stimulus
    3. Cdiscriminative stimulus
43. 43[blank_start]Shaping[blank_end] - development of a new behavior by successive reinforcement of closer approximations and extinguishing of preceding approximations of behavior
    

    1. AShaping
44. 44[blank_start]Behavioral Chain[blank_end] - A sequence of discriminative stimuli (SDs) and responses (Rs) in which each response except the last produces the SD for the next response and the last response is followed by a reinforcer

    1. ABehavioral Chain
45. 45[blank_start]Forward Chaining[blank_end] - Initial step first. Then, first and second… etc. On each trial, last step is reinforced. [blank_start]Backward Chaining[blank_end] - Last step first. Trainer performs all previous steps, then has subject perform last step. Then, next-to-the last step is taught and linked with last step. On each trial, last step is reinforced.
    

    1. AForward Chaining
    2. BBackward Chaining
46. 46Label the table.

    

    1. APositive reinforcement
    2. BNegative reinforcement
    3. CPositive punishment
    4. DNegative punishment

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Test sobre PSY 359 Behavior Analysis Exam 1, creado por Tambriell Caudill el 22/02/2016.

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Tambriell Caudill

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