Test
Nursing Knowledge
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Preguntas del test (51)
1A methodology in research is:
- Aa tool that is used to conduct research.
- Ba recipe that should be followed when conducting research.
- Ca set of principles that directs research.
- Da set of rules that make research valid.
2A quantitative methodology:
- Aonly measures wavelengths of light.
- Bcomes from a philosophical standpoint of constructivism.
- Cis only concerned with phenomena that can be objectively measured.
- Dis always better to use than qualitative research if this is at all possible.
3Which of the following is NOT a key feature of quantitative research?
- AData collected through observation, survey or experiment have to be measureable.
- BProcedures must be standardised.
- CThe results must only be clearly described in words.
- DAims, objectives, hypotheses have to be stated prior to the commencement of data collection.
4Case control studies:
- Acontain data which are only collected prospectively.
- Bare intervention studies.
- Ccontain 'cases' which are also 'healthy controls'.
- Dare a type of observational study.
5Which of the following is NOT one of the Bradford Hill criteria for causation.
- ATemporal relationship
- BStrength of relationship
- CDose-Response relationship
- DThe triangulation of the relationship
6Null Hypothesis testing is:
- Awhere a statement is made about there being 'no variation' between groups.
- Bwhere a statement is made about there being 'no relationship' between groups.
- Cwhere a statement is made about there being 'no effect' between groups.
- Dwhere a statement is made about there being 'no difference' between groups.
7In quantitative research terms, an AIM is:
- Athe breakdown of the specific research detail.
- Ba statement about the relationship between variables.
- Cthe overall /broad statement of what you intend to do.
- Da calibration that allows accurate measurement.
8The 'study sample' is:
- Apatients drawn from the study population.
- Bpatients who meet the exclusion criteria.
- Cpatients who are more likely to give a better outcome.
- Dpatient who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
9The main reason for using randomisation to allocate treatments to patients in a controlled trial is to:
- Amake the allocation fair to patients.
- Bbalance the groups by specific criteria.
- Cprevent certain types of bias.
- Dallow for comparison within groups.
10A method of allocation LEAST LIKELY to achieve balance of important patient characteristics between groups is to use:
- AMinimisation
- BSimple randomisation
- CBlock Randomisation
- DStratification with block randomisation
11Reliability addresses whether:
- Arepeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances.
- Brepeated measurement or assessments give different results given the same initial circumstances.
- Crepeated measures or assessments give broadly similar results given the same initial circumstances.
- Drepeated measurements or assessments provide the same results given different initial circumstances.
12The main outcome for a study is called:
- AThe tertiary outcome
- BThe primary outcome
- CThe secondary outcome
- DThe aim of the study
13Validity in a study means:
- AThe measurement tool fails to measure what it is intended to measure
- BThe measurement tool is a reliable measure
- CThe measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure
- DThe measurement tool measures what it is not intended to measure
14Which of these is a threat to internal validity in a trial?
- AMaturation
- BThe Hawthorne effect
- CMeasurement effects
- DHaving an attention arm in the trial
15The Hawthorne effect is:
- AWhen a study sampling isn't conducted in a random way
- BWhen the study measurement tools are not reliable
- CWhen participants drop out of a trial
- DA participant's response to being in a study
16A type 2 error is:
- Athe same as the p value.
- Ba false positive result.
- Ca false negative result.
- Dalways statistically significant.
17Which of the following 'p values' would be the MOST statistically significant?
- Ap≤0.1
- B≤0.05
- Cp≤0.005
- Dp≤0.001
18Statistics that produce 'p values' are called:
- Ainterfering statistics.
- Binferential statistics.
- Cessential statistics.
- Dintervention statistics.
19Baseline data is:
- Athe data that is collected after the first treatment.
- Bthe data that is collected before the intervention but after the recruitment.
- Cthe data that is collected after the treatment has been completed.
- Dthe data that is collected immediately before recruitment.
20Which level of measurement has a fixed zero?
- AOrdinal
- BInterval
- CMedian
- DRatio
21Qualitative research is useful when:
- Ayou are unable to do quantitative research.
- Byou want to measure something.
- Clittle is known about a subject or problem.
- Dyou are innumerate.
22Samples in qualitative studies are:
- Atend to be very large.
- Balways worked out by means of a power calculation.
- Cusually small.
- Dalways representative of the population in question.
23Qualitative researchers believe that:
- Athere is a social world out there that can be measured.
- Bthe social world is constructed through human activity.
- Ctheir results should be shown through statistical analysis.
- Dtheir findings are generalisable to the wider population.
24A methodological approach that studies the lived experience of individuals is:
- Agrounded theory.
- BCase study.
- Cethnography.
- Dphenomenology.
25Deborah Ward’s study of students’ experience of infection control in clinical placements was:
- Aan ethnography.
- Bgrounded theory.
- Ca general qualitative approach.
- Dphenomenology.
26Qualitative samples:
- Aneed to represent the population from which they came.
- Bdo not need to represent the population from which they came.
- Cmust always be generalisable.
- Dmust be transferable to other populations.
27The strongest sampling strategy in Qualitative Research is:
- Arandom.
- Bstratified.
- Cconvenience.
- Dpurposive.
28The sample size in qualitative research is BEST determined by:
- Aa calculation.
- Bdata saturation.
- Ca best estimate.
- Davailability.
29Purposive sampling involves:
- Aselecting participants according to their characteristics.
- Basking participants to give details of other people with the same experience as them.
- Cselecting participants who are most easily recruited.
- Dselecting participants who can give you the most information.
30There are a number of different ways to select a sample in qualitative studies and many different words and phrases to describe the [blank_start]approaches[blank_end]. The weakest form of sampling is [blank_start]convenience[blank_end] sampling. While it can be useful when the researcher begins a study, it should ideally be followed by [blank_start]purposive[blank_end] sampling. Another sampling approach involves asking [blank_start]participants[blank_end] to identify people they know with a similar experience so that they can be approached to take part in the study. This is known as [blank_start]snowball[blank_end] sampling. Another type of [blank_start]sampling[blank_end] is used by grounded theorists, and is described as [blank_start]theoretical[blank_end] sampling. They use this approach to find participants to help them to develop and 'test out' emerging [blank_start]theory[blank_end] about the issue being researched. Deborah Ward used yet another approach in her paper about student nurses' experiences of infection control. She described this as [blank_start]non-probability volunteer sampling.[blank_end]
- Aapproaches
- Bconvenience
- Cpurposive
- Dsnowball
- Eparticipants
- Ftheory
- Gconvenience
- Happroaches
- Ipurposive
- Jtheoretical
- Kparticipants
- Lsampling
- Mpurposive
- Nconvenience
- Oapproaches
- Psnowball
- Qsampling
- Rtheory
- Stheoretical
- Tparticipants
- Uconvenience
- Vapproaches
- Wpurposive
- Xtheoretical
- Ysampling
- Zsnowball
- AAconvenience
- ABapproaches
- ACtheory
- ADtheoretical
- AEsampling
- AFsampling
- AGparticipants
- AHconvenience
- AItheory
- AJpurposive
- AKtheoretical
- ALsnowball
- AMapproaches
- ANconvenience
- AOpurposive
- APtheory
- AQtheory
- ARconvenience
- ASapproaches
- ATtheoretical
- AUsampling
- AVsnowball
- AWnon-probability volunteer sampling.
- AXconvenience
- AYpurposive
- AZtheory
- BAapproaches
- BBparticipants
31Observations can be recorded using:
- Afield notes.
- Bvideo photography.
- Cobservation schedule.
- Dall of the above.
32An interview topic guide is:
- Aa list of questions that are asked in the same order.
- Ba set of headings that guides the discussion.
- Ca published guide on how to interview.
- Da questionnaire which is valid and reliable.
33Focus groups can be useful:
- Awhen 'taboo' subjects are being discussed.
- Bwhen there is a strict hierarchy amongst the participants.
- Cwhen a dominant voice prevails.
- Dto encourage discussion about a topic.
34The OPTIMAL size for a focus group is:
- A5-8
- B8-10
- C10-12
- D12-14
35Deborah Ward collected the data for her study using:
- Aobservation
- Bsemi-structured interviews.
- Cstructured interviews.
- Dunstructured interviews.
36Which of the following is NEVER an aim of qualitative data analysis:
- Ato generate hypotheses.
- Bto generate theory.
- Cto describe the issue.
- Dto attribute cause.
37In qualitative data analysis:
- Acounting is not allowed.
- Bcounting is always necessary.
- Ccounting can be useful.
- Dcounting makes the findings more generalisable.
38Software packages in qualitative data analysis:
- Ashould never be used.
- Bare useful for generating statistics.
- Chelp with organizing the data.
- Dmake the results comparable with quantitative data output.
- Eshould always be used.
39Qualitative data analysis has a number of aims. An overall aim of all data analysis, be it [blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] or quantitative is data [blank_start]reduction[blank_end] . This makes reams of data more [blank_start]manageable[blank_end] , and helps the researcher to see what is there. Another aim of qualitative data analysis can be to generate [blank_start]hypotheses[blank_end] or questions that can then be tested using [blank_start]quantitative[blank_end] methods. This is not the case with all qualitative research, however, the findings of which can sometimes be an end in themselves . Ethnographers tend to simply [blank_start]describe[blank_end] the data. They do this in great detail which is often referred to as [blank_start]rich[blank_end] or 'thick' description. The aim of data analysis for grounded theorists is a step beyond this which is to develop theory . If this is not in evidence in the paper or report from the study, it is not a [blank_start]grounded[blank_end] theory!
- Aqualitative
- Breduction
- Cmanageable
- Dhypotheses
- Equantitative
- Fdescribe
- Greduction
- Hmanageable
- Iqualitative
- Jhypotheses
- Kdescribe
- Lrich
- Mmanageable
- Nqualitative
- Oreduction
- Pthemselves
- Qrich
- Rtheory
- Shypotheses
- Tqualitative
- Udescribe
- Vrich
- Wtheory
- Xquantitative
- Yqualitative
- Zreduction
- AAmanageable
- ABthemselves
- ACtheory
- ADdescribe
- AEreduction
- AFthemselves
- AGtheory
- AHrich
- AIrich
- AJqualitative
- AKmanageable
- ALtheory
- AMhypotheses
- ANgrounded
- AOrich
- APdescribe
- AQquantitative
40An audit trail is:
- Awhen the context of the research is described.
- Bthe decisions made by the researcher to reach the conclusions presented.
- Can assessment of the conduct of the research by an external body.
- Dused to change practice as a result of the research findings.
41Triangulation involves:
- Aresearching the topic from different perspectives.
- Bresearching the topic from a single perspective.
- Cresearching the topic from three perspectives.
- Dresearching the topic repeatedly from the same perspective.
42It is important to present quotes from:
- Aparticipants that give you the right answer.
- Bparticipants that give you the wrong answer.
- Ca variety of participants.
- Da random sample of participants.
43In a qualitative paper you would expect the relationship between the researcher and participants to be:
- Aremote.
- Bclose.
- Cdescribed.
- Domitted.
44Qualitative researchers prefer to use alternatives to the terms validity and [blank_start]reliability[blank_end] that are used to assess the [blank_start]rigour[blank_end] of quantitative studies. In fact, some qualitative researchers prefer to use the term quantitative in preference to rigour. For reliability, or 'repeatability' in quantitative research, qualitative researchers use the term dependability . For internal validity (the extent to which a tool measures what is purports to [blank_start]measure[blank_end]), qualitative researchers use the term credibility . For generalisability (also known as external validity) qualitative researchers use the term [blank_start]transferability[blank_end] . Even the term objectivity is contested in qualitative research, which is highly interpretive. The preferred term is confirmability .
- Areliability
- Brigour
- Cquantitative
- Dtrustworthiness
- Equalitative
- Frigour
- Greliability
- Hquantitative
- Itrustworthiness
- Jcredibility
- Kmeasure
- Lreliability
- Mtransferability
- Nconfirmability
- Otransferability
- Pdependability
- Qrigour
- Rconfirmability
- Sreliability
45A type 1 error is when there is a
- AFalse positive error
- BFalse negative error
- CThe null hypothesis = true
- DThe null hypothesis = false
46A type 2 error is when there is a
- AFalse negative error
- BFalse positive error
- CThe null hypothesis = true
- DThe null hypothesis = false
47The hierarchy of evidence goes
1. [blank_start]Expert opinion[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]case series/reports[blank_end]3.[blank_start]case control studies[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]cohort studies[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]randomised control trials[blank_end]- AExpert opinion
- Bcase series/reports
- Ccase control studies
- Dcohort studies
- Erandomised control trials
- Fcase series/reports
- Gexpert opinion
- Hcase control studies
- Icohort stuides
- Jrandomised control trials
- Kcase control studies
- Lexpert opinion
- Mcase series/reports
- Ncohort studies
- Orandomised control trials
- Pcohort studies
- Qexpert opinion
- Rcase studies/reports
- Scase control studies
- Trandomised control trials
- Urandomised control trials
- Vexpert opinion
- Wcase series/reports
- Xcase control stuides
- Ycohort studies
48The bradford hill criteria goes
1. [blank_start]temporal relationship[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]strengths[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]dose relationship[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]consistency[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]plausability[blank_end]
6. [blank_start]consideration of alternative evidence[blank_end]
7. [blank_start]experiment[blank_end]
8. [blank_start]specificity[blank_end]
9. [blank_start]coherance[blank_end]- Atemporal relationship
- Bstrenghts
- Cdose relationship
- Dconsistency
- Eplausability
- Fconsideration of alternative evidence
- Gexperiment
- Hspecificity
- Icoherance
- Jstrengths
- Ktemporal relationship
- Ldose relationship
- Mconsistency
- Nplausability
- Oconsideration of alternative evidence
- Pexperiment
- Qspecificity
- Rcoherance
- Sdose relationship
- Ttemporal relationship
- Ustrengths
- Vconsistency
- Wplausability
- Xconsideration of alternative evidence
- Yexperiment
- Zspecificity
- AAcoherance
- ABconsistency
- ACtemporal relationship
- ADstrengths
- AEdose realtionship
- AFplausability
- AGconsideration of alternative evidence
- AHexperiment
- AIspecificity
- AJcoherance
- AKplausability
- ALtemporal relationship
- AMstrengths
- ANdose relationship
- AOconsistency
- APconsideration of alternative explanation
- AQexperiement
- ARspecificity
- AScoherance
- ATconsideration of alternative evidence
- AUtemporal relationship
- AVstrengths
- AWdose relationship
- AXconsistency
- AYplausability
- AZexperiment
- BAspecificity
- BBcoherance
- BCexperiment
- BDtemporal relationship
- BEstrengths
- BFdose relationship
- BGconsistency
- BHplausability
- BIconsideration of alternative explanation
- BJspecificity
- BKcoherance
- BLspecificity
- BMtemporal relationship
- BNstrengths
- BOdose relationship
- BPconsistency
- BQplausability
- BRconsideration of alternative explanation
- BSexperiment
- BTcoherance
- BUcoherance
- BVtemporal relationship
- BWstrengths
- BXdose relationship
- BYconsistency
- BZplausibility
- CAconsideration of alternatice explanation
- CBexperiment
- CCspecificity
49what is a paradigm
- Athe perspective we have
- Ba type of graph
- Ca theory
- Da type of research method
50how many people are usually in a study sample for qualitative research?
- A30
- B25
- C12
- D10
51what is an emic persepective
- Apersepective of the researcher
- Bpurpspective of insider
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Nursing Knowledge, creado por Halley Mavis el 21/05/2016.
- Autor
- Halley Mavis
- Idioma
- English
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- Valoración
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