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Preguntas del test (57)
1A 53-year old woman is found, by arteriography, to have 50% narrowing of her left renal artery. What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery?
- ADecrease to 1/2
- BDecrease to 1/4
- CDecrease to 1/8
- DDecrease to 1/16
- ENo change
2When a person moves from a supine to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs?
- ADecreased heart rate
- BIncreased contractility
- CDecreased total peripheral resistance
- DDecreased cardiac output
- EIncreased PR intervals
3At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest?
- AAorta
- BCentral vein
- CPulmonary artery
- DRight atrium
- ERenal artery
- FRenal vein
4A person's ECG has no P wave, but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in the
- ASA node
- BAV node
- Cbundle of His
- DPurkinje system
- Eventricular muscle
5If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in
- Acardiac output
- Bend-systolic volume
- Cheart rate
- Dpulse pressure
- Estroke volume
- Fsystolic pressure
6An ECG on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. The extra systolic beat would produce
- Aincreased pulse pressure because contractility is increased
- Bincreased pulse pressure because heart rate is increased
- Cdecreased pulse pressure because ventricular filling time is increased
- Ddecreased pulse pressure because stroke volume is decreased
- Edecreased pulse pressure because the PR interval is increased
7An ECG on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. After an extrasystole, the next "normal" ventricular contraction produces
- Aincreased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased
- Bincreased pulse pressure because total peripheral resistance is decreased
- Cincreased pulse pressure because compliance of the veins is decreased
- Ddecreased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased
- Edecreased pulse pressure because total peripheral resistance is decreased
8An increase in contractility is demonstrated on a Frank-Starling diagram by
- Aincreased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
- Bincreased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume
- Cdecreased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
- Ddecreased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume
9On the graph showing left ventricular volume and pressure, isovolumetric contraction occurs from point
- AD --> A
- BA --> B
- CB --> C
- DC --> D
10On the graph showing left ventricular volume and pressure, the aortic valve closes at what point?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
11On the graph showing left ventricular volume and pressure, the first heart sound corresponds to point
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
12If the heart rate is 70bpm, then the cardiac output of this ventricle is closest to
- A3.45
- B4.55
- C5.25
- D8.00
- E9.85
13In a capillary, Pc is 30mmHg, Pi is -2mmHg, πc is 25mmHg, and πI is 2mmHg. What is the direction of fluid movement and the net driving force?
- AAbsorption; 6mmHg
- BAbsorption; 9mmHg
- CFiltration; 6mmHg
- DFiltration; 9mmHg
- EThere is no net fluid movement
14In a capillary, Pc is 30mmHg, Pi is -2mmHg, πc is 25mmHg, and πI is 2mmHg. If Kf is 0.5mL/min/mmHg, what is the rate of water flow across the capillary wall.
- A0.06 mL/min
- B0.45 mL/min
- C4.50 mL/min
- D9.00 mL/min
- E18.00 mL/min
15The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by
- Aincreased viscosity
- Bincreased hematocrit
- Cpartial occlusion of a blood vessel
- Ddecreased velocity of blood flow
16Following a sympathectomy a 66-year old man experiences orthostatic hypotension. The explanation for this occurrence is
- AAn exaggerated response of the RAAS
- BA suppressed response of the RAAS
- CAn exaggerated response of the baroreceptor mechanism
- DA suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanism
17The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the ECG
- APR interval
- BQRS complex
- CQT segment
- DST segment
- ET wave
18In which of the following situation is pulmonary blood flow greater than aortic blood flow?
- ANormal adult
- BFetus
- CLeft-to-right ventricular shunt
- DRight-to-left ventricular shunt
- ERight ventricular failure
- FAdministration of a positive inotropic agent
19The change indicated by the dashed line on the cardiac output/venous return curves shows
- Adecreased cardiac output in the "new" steady state
- Bdecreased venous return in the "new steady state
- Cincreased mean systemic pressure
- Ddecreased blood volume
- Eincreased myocardial contractility
20A 30 year old female patient's ECG shows two p waves preceding each QRS complex. The interpretation of this pattern is
- Adecreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node
- Bdecreased firing rate o the pacemaker in the AV node
- Cincreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node
- Ddecreased conduction though the AV node
- Eincreased conduction through the His-Purkinje system
21An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following compensatory changes?
- ADecreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve
- BIncreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart
- CDecreased heart rate
- DDecreased contractility
- EDecreased mean systemic pressure
22The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by
- Aarteriolar constriction
- Bincreased venous pressure
- Cincreased plasma protein concentration
- Dmuscular activity
23Inspiration "splits" the second heart sound because
- Athe aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve
- Bthe pulmonic valve closes before the aortic valve
- Cthe mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve
- Dthe tricuspid valve closes before the mitral valve
- Efilling of the ventricles has fast and slow components
24During exercise, total peripheral resistance decreases because of the effect of
- Athe sympathetic nervous system on splanchnic arterioles
- Bthe parasympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscle arterioles
- Clocal metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles
- Dlocal metabolites on cerebral arterioles
- Ehistamine on skeletal muscle arterioles
25An increase in arteriolar resistance without a change in any other component of the cardiovascular system, will produce
- Aa decrease in total peripheral resistance
- Ban increase in capillary filtration
- Can increase in arterial pressure
- Da decrease in afterload
26The following measurements were obtained in a male patient:
Central venous pressure: 10mmHg
HR: 20bpm
Pulmonary vein [O2] = 0.24mLO2/mL
Pulmonary artery [O2] = 0.16mL)2/mL
Whole body O2 consumption: 500mL/min
What is this patient's cardiac output?- A1.65
- B4.55
- C5.00
- D6.25
- E8.00
27Which of the following is the result of an inward Na+ current?
- AUpstroke of the action potential in the SA node
- BUpstroke of the action potential in the Purkinje fibers
- CPlateau of the action potential in ventricular muscle
- DRepolarization of the action potential in ventricular muscle
- ERepolarization of the action potential in the SA node
28The dashed line in the figure illustrates the effect of
- Aincreased total peripheral resistance
- Bincreased total blood volume
- Cincreased contractility
- Da negative inotropic agent
- Eincreased mean systemic pressure
29The x-axis in the figure could have been labeled
- Aend-systolic volume
- Bend-diastolic volume
- Cpulse pressure
- Dmean systemic pressure
- Eheart rate
30The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because
- Athey have the greatest surface area
- Bthey have the greatest cross-sectional area
- Cthe velocity of the blood flow through them is the highest
- Dthe velocity of blood flow though them is the lowest
- Ethey have the greatest resistance
31Pulse pressure is
- Athe highest pressure measured in the arteries
- Bthe lowest pressure measured in the arteries
- Cdetermined by stroke volume
- Ddecreased when the capacitance of the arteries decreases
- Ethe difference between mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure
32In the SA node, phase 4 depolarization (pacemaker potential) is attributable to
- Aan increase in K+ conductance
- Ban increase in Na+ conductance
- Ca decrease in Cl- conductance
- Da decrease in Ca++ conductance
- Esimultaneous increases in K+ and Cl- conductances
33Which receptor mediates constriction of arteriolar smooth muscle?
- AAlpha-1 receptors
- BBeta-1 receptors
- CBeta-2 receptors
- DMuscarinic receptors
34During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest?
- AAtrial systole
- BIsovolumetric ventricular contraction
- CRapid ventricular ejection
- DReduced ventricular ejection
- EIsovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- FRapid ventricular filling
- GReduced ventricular filling (diastasis)
35Myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular concentration of
- ANa+
- BK+
- CCa++
- DCl-
- EMg++
36Which of the following is an effect of histamine?
- ADecreased capillary filtration
- BVasodilation of the arterioles
- CVasodilation of the veins
- DDecreased Pc
- EInteraction with the muscarinic receptors on the blood vessels
37CO2 regulates blood flow to which one of the following organs?
- AHeart
- BSkin
- CBrain
- DSkeletal muscle at rest
- ESkeletal muscle during exercise
38Cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the cardiac output of the left side of the heart?
- A25
- B50
- C75
- D100
- E125
39The physiologic function of the relatively slow conduction through the AV node is to allow sufficient time for
- Arunoff blood from the aorta to the arteries
- Bvenous return to the atria
- Cfilling of the ventricles
- Dcontraction of the ventricles
- Erepolarization of the ventricles
40Blood flow to which organ is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system rather than by local metabolites?
- ASkin
- BHeart
- CBrain
- DSkeletal muscle during exercise
41Which of the following parameters is decreased during moderate exercise?
- AArteriovenous O2 difference
- BHeart rate
- CCardiac output
- DPulse pressure
- ETotal peripheral resistance
42When propranolol is administered, blockade of which receptor is responsible for the decrease in cardiac output that occurs?
- AAlpha-1 receptors
- BBeta-1 receptors
- CBeta=2 receptors
- DMuscarinic receptors
- ENicotinic receptors
43During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest?
- AAtrial systole
- BIsovolumetric contraction
- CRapid ventricular ejection
- DReduced ventricular ejection
- EIsovolumetric relaxation
- FRapid ventricular filling
- GReduced ventricular filling
44Which of the following changes will cause an increase in myocardial O2 consumption?
- ADecreased aortic pressure
- BDecreased heart rate
- CDecreased contractility
- DIncreased size of the heart
- EIncreased influx of Na+ during the upstroke of the action potential
45Which of the following substances crosses capillary walls primarily through water-filled clefts between the endothelial cells?
- AO2
- BCO2
- CCO
- DGlucose
46A 24 year old woman presents to the ED with severe diarrhea. When she is supine, her BP is 90/60mmHg and her heart rate is 100bpm. When she is moved to a standing position, her heart rate further increases to 120bpm. Which of the following accounts for the further increase in heart rate upon standing?
- ADecreased total peripheral resistance
- BIncreased venoconstriction
- CIncreased contractility
- DIncreased afterload
- EDecreased venous return
47A 60 year old businessman is elevated by his physician, who determines that his BP is significantly elevated at 180/135mmHg. Lab tests reveal an increase in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone level, and let renal vein renin level. His right renal vein renin level is decreased, What is the most likely cause of the patient's hypertension?
- AAldosterone secreting tumor
- BAdrenal adenoma secreting aldosterone and cortisol
- CPheochromocytoma
- DLeft renal artery stenosis
- ERight renal artery stenosis
48During which phase of the ventricular action potential is the membrane potential closest to the K+ equilibrium potential?
- APhase 0
- BPhase 1
- CPhase 2
- DPhase 3
- EPhase 4
49During which phase of the ventricular action potential is the conductance to Ca++ highest?
- APhase 0
- BPhase 1
- CPhase 2
- DPhase 3
- EPhase 4
50Which phase of the ventricular action potential coincides with diastole?
- APhase 0
- BPhase 1
- CPhase 2
- DPhase 3
- EPhase 4
51Propranolol has which of the following effects?
- ADecreases heart rate
- BIncreases left ventricular ejection fraction
- CIncreases stroke volume
- DDecreases splanchnic vascular resistance
- EDecreases cutaneous vascular resistance
52Which receptor mediates slowing of the heart?
- AAlpha-1 receptors
- BBeta-1 receptors
- CBeta-2 receptors
- DMuscarinic receptors
53Which of the following agents or changes has a negative inotropic effect on the heart?
- AIncreased heart rate
- BSympathetic stimulation
- CNorepinephrine
- DACh
- ECardiac glycosides
54The low-resistance pathways between myocardial cells that allow for the spread of action potentials are
- Agap junctions
- BT tubules
- Csarcoplasmic reticulum
- Dintercalated disks
- Emitochondria
55Which agent is released or secreted after a hemorrhage and causes an increase in renal Na+ reabsorption?
- AAldosterone
- BAngiotensin I
- CAngiotensinogen
- DADH
- EAtrial natriuretic peptide
56During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?
- AAtrial systole
- BIsovolumetric ventricular contraction
- CRapid ventricular ejection
- DReduced ventricular ejection
- EIsovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- FRapid ventricular filling
- GReduced ventricular filling
57A hospitalized patient has an ejection fraction of 0.4, a heart rate of 95bpm, a cardiac output of 3.5L/min. What is the patient's end-diastolic volume?
- A14 mL
- B37 mL
- C55 mL
- D92 mL
- E140 mL
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Sin título, creado por Elle Ashe el 10/03/2017.
- Autor
- Elle Ashe
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 1
- Valoración
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