Test
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Preguntas del test (200)
1In Canada, like in most industrialized nations, flood coverage is included in a typical homeowner insurance policy.
- ATrue
- BFalse
2Natural disasters occur where the Earth unleashes its concentrated energy in a short time.
- ATrue
- BFalse
3Most of the 40 deadliest disasters between 1970 and 2013 occurred in a belt running through Japan, China, Bangladesh, India, Iran and Turkey. This area was particularly vulnerable because ____________________.
- Ait has a high population density
- Bmost of the world's landslides occur here
- Cmost of the world's and volcanic eruptions occur here
- Dmost of the world's earthquakes occur here
- Eprecipitation rates are very high in this region, producing frequent, large, and sudden floods
4As of 2011 the human population of the world was ______________.
- A1 trillion
- B60 billion
- C7 billion
- D100 billion
- E500 million
5The greatest insurance dollar losses as a result of natural disasters for the period 1970-2013 occurred in ______________.
- AUSA
- BChina
- CIndia
- DMexico
- ETibet
6The world population of humans is growing at a rate of ______% per year.
- A0.02
- B22
- C1.2
- D0.12
- E12
7The overall increase in Canadian natural disasters from 1900 to 2013 is due mainly to ___________.
- Awild fires
- Bweather-related disasters
- Cmeteor impacts
- Dgeologic disasters
- Eman-mad disasters
8The list of most costly Canadian disasters is dominated by earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunami.
- ATrue
- BFalse
9Which of the following is the best definition for a natural disaster?
- AAn event that could be triggered by natural processes, which poses a potential threat to human life or property.
- BAn event that kills a significant number of people or results in large economic losses, triggered by a natural event.
- CAn extreme event triggered by human activities that occurs in a remote unpopulated area.
- DAn extreme natural event that occurs in a remote unpopulated area.
- EAn extreme event triggered by human activities, which poses a potential threat to human life or property.
10The stronger the democracy index, the higher the death totals from natural disasters.
- ATrue
- BFalse
11In general, the larger and more energetic the disaster event, the shorter the return period between such events.
- ATrue
- BFalse
12Which of the following communities are at the highest risk?
- AHigh magnitude event; low vulnerability
- BModerate magnitude event; low vulnerability
- CModerate magnitude event; high vulnerability
- DLow magnitude event; high vulnerability
- ELow magnitude event; low vulnerability
13The magnitude of a hazardous event is related to the amount of energy fuelling the natural event.
- ATrue
- BFalse
14The majority of Canadian disasters from 1900 to 2013 are not due to natural causes.
- ATrue
- BFalse
15Sites with natural hazards need to be studied and their risk evaluated to prevent a natural disaster. The frequency of an event is __________.
- Acommonly used to forecast exactly when a natural event will occur
- Bthe range over which the upper and lower magnitudes for a given event are predicted
- Cthe average number of years between events
- Dthe number of occurrences of an event within in a given time period
- Ethe cyclic occurrence of events within a given space
16One of our daily earthquakes in class was a small, shallow (4.8 km) intra-plate earthquake in Oklahoma.
A similar sized intra-plate earthquake in Alaska was much deeper (20.8 km).
What might be the source mechanisms?- AAlaska: natural.
Oklahoma: natural. - BAlaska: natural.
Oklahoma: oil and gas extraction. - CAlaska: oil and gas extraction.
Oklahoma: oil and gas extraction. - DAlaska: oil and gas extraction.
Oklahoma: natural.
- AAlaska: natural.
17In class, the daily disaster in California has what outcome?
- AEarthquake killing 20 people.
- BGroundwater recharge during a drought, storms and flooding.
- CFlooding in San franisco.
- DLand slides in the Rockies.
18The rapid increase in human population during the past several centuries is an example of ________________ growth.
- Aintegrated
- Bparabolic
- Clinear
- Dalgebraic
- Eexponential
19The return period of a disaster is the average number of years __________________.
- Abefore survivors return to their homes
- Bit takes for emotional recovery of victims
- Cbetween events of the same type, regardless of size
- Dbetween same-sized events
- Ebefore the economy returns to pre-disaster levels
20The oldest rocks on the ocean floors are about ________ years in age because time needed to complete the tectonic cycle is more than _______.
- A200 million; 250 million
- B2 billion; 2.5 billion
- C1 million; 2 million
- D50,000; 60,000
21When a continent is involved in a collision at a convergent plate boundary, it cannot subduct because its huge volume of low-density, high-buoyancy rocks cannot sink to great depth and cannot be pulled into the denser mantle rocks below.
- ATrue
- BFalse
22The distribution of several fossils on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean and the continuity of geologic structure on different continents suggests that all the continents were once part of Pangaea.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23Velocity of the plates depends on ______________.
- Athe properties of the asthenosphere
- Bhydrostatic pressure (pressure of the oceanic water)
- Cthe properties of the mesosphere
- Datmospheric pressure
24The divergent or pull-apart motion at spreading centres causes rocks to fail in tension, yielding mainly smaller earthquakes that do not pose an especially great threat to humans.
- ATrue
- BFalse
25The three basic classes of collisions include all but which of the following?
- AMantle versus lithospheric plate
- BOceanic plate versus oceanic plate
- COceanic plate versus continental plate
- DContinental plate versus continental plate
26The gigantic pieces of lithospheric plates diverging, sliding past, or colliding with each other are directly responsible for the vast majority of the earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountains on Earth.
- ATrue
- BFalse
27The oldest seafloor rocks are found nearest the mid-ocean ridges.
- ATrue
- BFalse
28The Earth's layering can be described either as 1) separations based on differing densities due to varying chemical and mineral compositions, or 2) layers with different strengths.
- ATrue
- BFalse
29When describing the layers of the Earth based on differentiation due to density, the inner core is a 2,450-km diameter _________ mass with temperatures up to 4,300°C.
- Aliquid
- Bgaseous
- Csolid
- Dslurry
30When you look at the list of Earth's Greatest Earthquakes (1900-2013) the dominant cause of earthquakes is(are):
- Acollision of the plates
- Bspreading of the plates
- Cworldwide rifting
- Dsubduction
- Ehot spots
31The map of earthquake epicentres can be viewed as a connect-the-dots puzzle.
- ATrue
- BFalse
32Why are continent-continent collision zones not associated with volcanism?
- AThey are not located at the plate boundaries.
- BThey are relatively distant from the liquid outer core, which is a magma source.
- CThere is sliding between continents, which act as a lid
- DThe continental rock stacks into extra-thick masses, which act as a barrier to rising magma
33The material of Tablelands Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland was formed during oceanic plate versus oceanic plate collision.
- ATrue
- BFalse
34The concept of isostasy applies a buoyancy principle to the low-density continents and mountain ranges that float on the less dense mantle below.
- ATrue
- BFalse
35All of the continents were once combined into a single supercontinent called __________________.
- APangaea
- BLaurasia
- CTethys
- DGondwanaland
36Hot spots account of the eruption of approximately _____ of all magma.
- A25%
- B50%
- C80%
- D10%
37Pangaea covered 60% of the Earth's surface while Panthalassa covered the remaining 40%.
- ATrue
- BFalse
38Moving progressively away from the ridges, the ocean water depths increase systematically with seafloor age due to all but which of the following?
- ACooling and contraction of the oceanic crust with a resultant increase in density
- BErosion of the older ocean floor by deep ocean currents
- CIsostatic down warping due to the weight of sediments deposited on the sea floor
39What two agents of disaster combined to cause the burial of a resort hotel in Italy last week?
- AEarthquake / snow avalanche
- BEarthquake / Tsunami
- CVolcano / Tsunami
- DFire / avalanche
40The magnitude of an earthquake is commonly measured from the __________ of ____________.
- Aperiod; acoustic waves on a seismograph
- Bwavelength; the distance between P and S waves on a seismometer
- Camplitude; seismic waves on a seismogram
- Dfrequency; surface waves on a seismograph
41Seismic waves that travel only near the Earth's surface are of two main types: _________ waves.
- AP- and Love
- BP- and Rayleigh
- CLove and Rayleigh
- DS- and Love
42P-waves can travel through
- ASoild and liquid only
- BSolid liquid and gas
- COnly soild
- DGas, Solid
43High-frequency P- and S-waves will have their vibrations amplified by 1) rigid construction materials, such as brick or stone, and 2) short buildings.
- ATrue
- BFalse
44The point where a fault first ruptures is called the _____________.
- Ahypocentre
- Bepicentre
- Cfault centre
- Dforeshock
45For magnitudes above about 6, the bigger earthquake magnitude means that more people in a larger area and for a longer time will experience the intense shaking.
- ATrue
- BFalse
46Usually, the biggest concern in designing buildings to withstand large earthquakes is the ____________ components of movement.
- Asideways push from the horizontal
- Bupward push from the vertical
- Cdownward pull from the vertical
47The _____ wave travels fastest and moves in a push-pull fashion of alternating pulses of compression (push) and extension (pull).
- AS-
- BRayleigh
- CLove
- DP-
48The study of Earthquakes is known as __________.
- Acollapsology
- Bseismology
- Cquakology
- Dquassology
49In earthquake prone regions buildings can be reinforced and designed to prevent the likelihood of collapse during an earthquake. Which of the following measures are not designed to prevent building collapse?
- Abrace walls
- Bshear walls
- Cbrick walls
- Dbase isolation
50The epicentres at divergent zones follow the ______________ and appear at _______ depths.
- Asubduction zone; shallow
- BC, triple junction; long
- Cstretched lithosphere; long
- Dthin and stretched lithosphere; shallow
51Each year, the Earth is shaken by millions of earthquakes.
- ATrue
- BFalse
52The waveforms on the seismogram from the closest seismic station are dominated by low- frequency waves, while high-frequency waves dominate at the station farther away.
- ATrue
- BFalse
53Waves can be described in terms of distance or time. The distance between successive waves is the _____________.
- Awavelength
- Bwaveperiod
- Cwavedisplacement
- Dwavemeter
54Using the S-P timing method, epicentres can be located using seismograms from a minimum of ______ recording stations.
- Aone
- Btwo
- Cfour
- Dthree
55The intensity of an earthquake is influenced by all but which one of the following?
- Athe presence of people to record their innermost feelings
- Btype of rock or sediment making up the ground surface
- Cdistance from the hypocentre/epicentre
- Dearthquake magnitude
56Gail Atkinson's (Canada Research Chair in Earthquake Hazards and Ground Motions) approach to mitigating earthquake risk is ____________________.
- Ato replace foundation material (soil material) below buildings with more earthquake resistant material
- Bto organize a large scale evacuation
- Cto understand the expected ground motions and design buildings to withstand them
- Dto predict when and where earthquakes will occur
57Other measures of earthquake magnitude may include the two magnitude scales, body wave scale (mb) and surface wave scale (Ms)
- ATrue
- BFalse
58Earthquakes are most commonly caused by ________________.
- Aexplosions of nuclear bombs
- Bmeteorite impacts
- Csudden Earth movements along faults
- Dundersea landslides
59According to "Earthquakes in Oklahoma", the shallow earthquakes that we see there are due to ______________.
- Anuclear testing
- Bthe Oklahoma rift
- Cwaste water disposal
- Dfracking
60As of Tuesday, January 31, about 13000 residents and businesses in New Brunswick are without power due to a(n) ____________.
- Afire
- Bearthquake
- Cice storm
- Dflood
61Which of the following characterize of rhyolitic magma?
- Alow temperature of magma, higher viscosity, and higher water content.
- Blow temperature of magma, lower viscosity, and lower water content.
- Clow temperature of magma, lower viscosity, and higher water content.
- Dhigh temperature of magma, lower viscosity, and higher water content.
62The rough, blocky texture of slow flowing, more viscous lava is often called __________.
- Abb
- Baa
- Cpahoehoe
- Dcc
63In 1628 BCE, __________ buried the city of Akrotiri on Thera.
- AKrakatoa
- BMt. Pele
- CSantorini
- DVesuvius
64Gases come out of solution as magma nears the surface - does this help to cause a volcanic eruption?
- ATrue
- BFalse
65Pressure decrease does not cause most rocks to melt. Rather, it is usually added heat causes rocks to melt.
- ATrue
- BFalse
66____________________ are the three Vs of volcanology.
- Avolatiles, volume, variability
- Bviscosity, velocity, volume
- Cviscosity, volatiles, volume
- Dviscosity, volatiles, velocity
67A major eruption sequence is characterized by which of the following?
- APlinian, Strombolian, lava dome
- BHawaiian, Plinian, magma plug
- CVulcanian, Plinian, lava dome
- DUltra-plinian, Strombolian, magma plug
68Eight elements make up >98% of the Earth's crust.
- ATrue
- BFalse
69__________________ increase as subduction-zone magma rises as a plume.
- Aviscosity
- Ball of the choices can be correct
- C% SIO2
- Dtermperature
70The VEI is an explosively index that increases from 0 to 10.
- ATrue
- BFalse
71A basaltic magma at 30 km depth is liquid at 1420 Celsius whereas it is liquid at only 1250 C when it is extruded.
- ATrue
- BFalse
72_____________ volcanic eruptions most often generate Scoria cones.
- Aicelandic
- BStrombolian
- Cultra-Plinian
- DPlinian
73The most common dissolved gas in magma is ______________.
- Acarbon dioxide
- Bwater
- Ccarbon monoxide
- Dsulfur dioxide
74Water ______ the melt point of rocks.
- Adoes not change
- Bincreases
- Clowers
- Draises
75________________ in a magma lowers its viscosity.
- Adecreased SiO2 content
- Ball of these are correct
- Cdecreased crystal content
- Dincreased temperature
76"Oklahoma has an earthquake problem". Earthquake epicentres align with ___________.
- Aa failed rift
- BArbuckle injection sites
- Ccrustal weakening from meteorite impact
- Da failed hotspot
77Calderas form with
- AMEDIUM VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
LARGE VOLUME - BHIGH VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
LOW VOLUME - CHIGH VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
VERY LARGE VOLUME - DLOW VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
LARGE VOLUME
- AMEDIUM VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
78Lava Domes form
- AHIGH VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
SMALL VOLUME - BHIGH VISCOSITY, LOW VOLATILES,
LARGE VOLUME - CHIGH VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
LARGE VOLUME - DHIGH VISCOSITY, LOW VOLATILES,
SMALL VOLUME
- AHIGH VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
79Stratovolcanoes form from
- ALOW VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
LARGE VOLUME - BLOW VISCOSITY, LOW VOLATILES,
SMALL VOLUME - CHIGH VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
LARGE VOLUME - DLOW VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
SMALL VOLUME
- ALOW VISCOSITY, HIGH VOLATILES,
80A Grand Banks earthquake (18 November 1929) triggered the __________.
- Asubmarine movement of a sediment mass which set off tsunamis
- Blandslide on the Burin Peninsula which set off tsunamis toward Europe
- Cdown-drop of ocean floor which set off tsunamis
- Duplift of ocean floor which set off tsunamis
81Tsunamis are typically about _________ high in the open ocean, and _______ high on reaching shallow water.
- A1 m; 6-15m
- B5 m; 1m
- C30 m; 30m
- D20 m; 0.1m
82The most common trigger for tsunami are ________.
- Ahurricanes
- Bearthquakes
- Cvolcanoes
- Dmass movements
83Tsunami is a Japanese word that means ____________________.
- Abig wave
- Bisland wave
- Ckiller wave
- Dharbour wave
84Modern tsunami warning systems make use of ___________________ to issue a tsunami warning."
- Atidal gauges
- Bseafloor pressure sensors
- Cradio reports from ships in the open ocean
- Dtidal gauges and pressure sensors
85The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) declares a "tsunami watch" when an earthquake meeting three criteria is identified. Which of the following characteristics is not one not needed for a watch to be issued?
- AHypocentre shallower than 100 kilometres
- BRichter magnitude of 7.0 or greater
- CReports of shaking for more than one-minute
- DEpicenter on ocean floor
86Japan had several countermeasures against tsunami in place prior to the 9.0 magnitude Tohoku earthquake of 2011. Why then was the death toll so high?
- AThe earthquake triggered landslides destroying natural and
manmade high ground so there was no place to take refuge. - BFaulty equipment design resulted in no tsunami warning being
issued. - CThe earthquake destroyed the breakwater seawalls leaving the
coastline vulnerable. - DThe tsunami run-up was underestimated in many locations
therefore the countermeasures were under designed and fell short
of mitigating the hazard.
- AThe earthquake triggered landslides destroying natural and
87The captain of a ship tells you that she once experienced a huge tsunami while sailing in the Pacific Ocean several hundred miles from any landmass. You decide that this sounds a little farfetched because ____________________.
- Atsunami usually occur only in the Indian Ocean and Caribbean Sea
- Btsunamis are rarely felt in deep water because they have long
wavelengths and low heights - Cearthquakes do not occur in deep ocean waters
- Dthe ship could not have survived passing through a major tsunami
in the open ocean
88Tsunamis typically have _________________________ relative to wind-blown waves.
- Along periods and long wavelengths
- Bshort periods and long wavelengths
- Cshort periods and short wavelengths
- Dlong periods and no measurable wavelength
89Which of the following areas has the highest occurrence of tsunami?
- AMediterranean Sea
- BIndian Ocean
- CPacific Ocean
- DAtlantic Ocean
90A tsunami source was revealed by the mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian Islands. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area?
- AA deep ocean trench along a subduction zone
- BA huge undersea meteor crater
- CA system of 25 major oceanic transform faults
- DSlumps and debris avalanches formed by at least 70 volcanic flank
collapses
91Tsunamis are created by massive jolts of energy delivered to a mass of water by all but which of the following?
- AMass movements
- BEarthquakes
- CHurricanes
- DMeteor impacts
92The English language term tidal wave is a good description of a tsunami because of their relationship to ocean tides.
- ATrue
- BFalse
93Tsunami wavelengths can be as great as ______________.
- A8,400 km
- B837 km
- C837 m
- D84 km
94Tsunamis often arrive as a series of waves and the first wave is always the biggest.
- ATrue
- BFalse
95There is no way to know where a tsunami is likely to occur.
- ATrue
- BFalse
96A ____________ is an oscillating wave that sloshes back and forth within an enclosed body of waters such as a sea, bay, lake, or swimming pool.
- Asake
- Bseiche
- Csushi
- Dseraglio
97Tsunami can travel at speeds of ____________ kilometres per hour.
- A550
- B125
- C725
- D25
98 1 / 1 point
"The Larsen C ice shelf could __________ of ice.- Again an area of 5,000 square kilometres
- Bgain 60 metres
- Cshed an area of 5,000 square kilometres"
- Dloose 60 metres
99The average global surface temperature rose ________ through the twentieth century.
- A2 C
- B0.1 C
- C0.006 C
- D0.6 C
100The new chief of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has said he "_________" that CO2 is a primary contributor to global warming.
- Awill ignore EPA scientists who have established
- Bwould agree
- Cwould not agree
- Dplans to consult Russia about whether it believes
101Frequent tornados, hurricanes, ice storms and heavy rains indicate climate change.
- ATrue
- BFalse
102The amount of Earth's internal energy conducted to the surface is much larger than the available solar energy.
- ATrue
- BFalse
103The most important process in the global redistribution of solar energy on Earth is(are) ______________________.
- Athe polar and subtropical jet streams
- Bthe surface circulation of water through the oceans
- Cthe Hadley, Ferrel, and polar convection cells
- Dthe circulation of deep-ocean currents
104At a given time and place, in meteorological terms, the average temperature is the _________.
- A1000-year average
- B10-year average
- C30-year average
- D100-year average
105The greenhouse effect results in __________________.
- Aglobal night
- Bglobal cooling
- Cglobal wildfires
- Dglobal warming
106__________ returns most of the carbon to the atmosphere from the continents in the annual cycle of carbon exchange.
- Aland clearance
- BCarbon capture and sequestration (CCS)
- CDecay of uranium
- DDecay of organics
107From this list of greenhouse gasses, __________ has the highest global warming potential compared to CO2.
- AOzone
- BNitrous Oxide
- CMethane
- DChlorofluorocarbons
108Earth's average temperature is 15 C, but satellite temperature measurements suggest that Earth's average temperature is - 16°C. What is the explanation for this discrepancy.
- AThe Earth is watery planet so absorbs the lots of Sun's energy.
- BGreenhouse gasses trap energy that is radiated outward from the Earth.
- CVolcanism warms the Earth.
- DBecause of unbalanced energy transfer between Earth's interior and the surface.
109All of these choices are potential effects of a warmer climate on Ontario except for:
- Apotential for worse air pollution in the form of smog and acid precipitation.
- Breduced water levels in Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River.
- Cmelting permafrost weakening and undermining infrastructure.
- Dlonger and more severe heat waves.
110__________ powers weather as well as climate-related natural disasters.
- ARadiation
- BSolar energy
- CThe magnetosphere
- DNuclear fission
111Increased albedo warms the polar climate.
- ATrue
- BFalse
112Get into a car if you are caught outside during a thunderstorm.
- ATrue
- BFalse
113In Canada blizzards are most frequent in the Yukon.
- ATrue
- BFalse
114The __________ is where most weather activity happens.
- Aionosphere
- Bmagnetosphere
- Ctroposphere
- Dstratosphere
115Get under a tree if you are caught outside during a thunderstorm.
- ATrue
- BFalse
116The most violent stage of the single-cell thunderstorm is when _________________
- Adowndrafts drag in so much cool, dry air that it chokes off the
updrafts of warm, moist air. - Bwarm, moist air is rising high and at the same time as cool, dry air
is descending rapidly. - Ccool, dry air is rising high.
- Dupdrafts and downdrafts operate side by side in the same
direction.
- Adowndrafts drag in so much cool, dry air that it chokes off the
117Polar air masses in the northern hemisphere are cold and dry.
- ATrue
- BFalse
118__________ are required for the formation of hail.
- ALarge thunderstorms
- BStrong vertical temperature gradients
- CAll are correct.
- DStrong updrafts
119On average, ____ people are killed in Canada by lightning.
- A10
- B0
- C1000
- D10000
120A strong El Nino is characterized by ____________________.
- Aweakened trade winds
- Bthe reversal of selected shallow ocean currents
- CAll of these are correct.
- Dwarm ocean water arriving offshore of northwestern South America in December
121The __________ are where tornadoes are found.
- Atrailing side of supercell thunderstorms
- Beye walls of hurricanes
- Cleading side of singlecell thunderstorms
- Dleading side of supercell thunderstorms
122Which of the following statements about jet streams are false?
- ATheir flow is restricted to narrow bands.
- BWe find them above the subtropics and the polar front.
- CTheir path meanders.
- DThey are easterlies (east to west flow).
123Air masses of different temperature and moisture content that are separated by a sloping surface is called a ____________________.
- Afront
- BHadley cell
- Ctrade wind
- Djet stream
124The velocity of a polar jet is approximately __________ km/h.
- A60
- B6000
- C340
- D600
125_________ has the most thunderstorms of any province in Canada.
- AOntario
- BNewfoundland
- CCalgary
- DAlberta
126Which of the following statements about a blizzard is false?
- AWind speeds above 100 km/h.
- BLess than 1 km visibility.
- CGreater than 3 hours duration.
- DBelow-freezing temperature or -25 C wind chill.
127Which of these statements is false?
- ASaskatchewan had a severe drought between 1925 and 2001.
- BDrought correlates with higher than normal temperatures in Canada since 1948.
- CClimate heating will reduce the frequency of drought in Canada.
- DThe 1988 drought was bad for the Canadian economy.
128The vertical movement of air is large compared to its horizontal motion.
- ATrue
- BFalse
129In the northern hemisphere, jet streams are strongest in the ____________ due to the strong contrast in polar air temperature and tropical air temperature.
- Asummer
- Bspring
- Cwinter
- Dfall
130The formation of tropical cyclones can be disrupted by the easterly, high-level winds associated with El NiÑo.
- ATrue
- BFalse
131In a hurricane, the strongest winds are found
- Ain the eyewall.
- Bin the eye.
- Con the west side.
132At about 119 km/hr, a hurricane
- Adevelops its central eye of calm air.
- Bdevelops a wall cloud.
- Ccreates an enormous storm surge.
- Dbegins to spawn tornadoes.
133The coolest place in a hurricane is within the eye.
- ATrue
- BFalse
134The most expensive natural disaster in the USA is hurricane Katrina.
- ATrue
- BFalse
135In the hurricane eye, air __________.
- Adescends and absorbs moisture.
- Bascends and releases moisture.
- Cascends and absorbs moisture.
- Ddescends and releases moisture.
136North Atlantic hurricanes that transition from tropical disturbance to tropical depression __________.
- Abecome tropical storms when wind speed exceeds 63 km/hr
- BAll of these
- Creceive an identifying number
- Dstrengthen and flow their air more efficiently
137Canada's deadliest hurricane was
- Athe Galveston hurricane
- BHazel
- CFreda
- DIgor
138How many category 4 hurricanes have made landfall in Canada?
- A0
- B2
- C3
- D5
139The Canadian Hurricane Centre is responsible for all three Canadian coasts (East, West and North).
- ATrue
- BFalse
140Tropical depression winds are stronger that tropical disturbance winds.
- ATrue
- BFalse
141An example of a Cape Verde hurricane is hurricane Katrina.
- ATrue
- BFalse
142The energy that powers a hurricane comes from __________.
- Athe Coriolis force
- Bmostly solar energy
- Chigh speed winds
- Dthe release of latent when water condenses
143The Coriolis effect heading north is strongest near the equator, and so hurricanes tend to form there.
- ATrue
- BFalse
144Storm surges and tsunamis are both wind driven disasters
- ATrue
- BFalse
145__________ kills the most people during a hurricane.
- Aflooding due to heavy rain
- Bphysical trauma from wind-driven debris
- Cstorm surge
- Dlightning
146Which of the following does not influence the path of a hurricane?
- ATrade winds.
- BThe Bermuda High.
- CEl-NiÑo
- DThe Bremuda Triangle.
147Floods in Canada cause few deaths but extensive damage.
- ATrue
- BFalse
148Extreme rainfall events in Toronto in 2005 and 2013 might be due to __________.
- Aheavy groundwater pumping
- Bthe 2003 and 2013 El Nino events.
- Cincreased rainfall due to climate change
- Dinjection of produced water
149A river creates a natural levee when it __________.
- Afloods
- Berodes
- Cmeanders
- Dsteepens
150Which of these is not an attempt to control a river?
- AZoning.
- BLevee.
- CFloodway.
- DSpillway.
151Storm surge and rain associated with Hurricane Katrina caused levee failure and flooding at New Orleans.
- ATrue
- BFalse
152A flood caused by ice buildup in a river is __________.
- Aan ice jam flood
- Ba flash flood
- Ca snow melt flood
- Da Texas flood
153Which of these can create natural dams?
- AGlaciers.
- BMass movements
- CVolcanic eruptions.
- DAll of these
154Nearly 110 000 Winnipegers were evacuated during the 1950 Red River flood. This is the largest evacuation so far in Canada.
- ATrue
- BFalse
155The probability that a 100-year flood will occur at least once in 100 years is 100%.
- ATrue
- BFalse
156Following a year that experiences a 100-year flood, __________.
- A100 years must pass before a similar sized flood happens.
- Ba similar sized flood can still happen.
- Cthe probability of a 100 year flood reduces to 0.01%
157What is the name of the process by which a river suddenly alters its course during a flood.
- AAvulsion.
- BMeander.
- CPoint bar.
- DCut bank.
158A 100-year flood has a __________ chance of happening this year (or any year).
- A100%
- B2%
- C1%
- D66.66%
159Ice melt in the south usually happens before ice melt in the north, and so north flowing rivers tend to suffer from ice jams.
- ATrue
- BFalse
160The amount of elevation change along a stream divided by the distance along that stream is its __________.
- Agradient
- Bflux
- Csediment load
- Dreturn rate
161Precipitation infiltration is promoted by __________.
- Asaturated clays
- Bvegetation
- Csaturated sands
- Dsteep topography
162__________ cause floods.
- Alocal thunderstorms
- Ball of these
- Cwinter-ice breakup
- Dheavy, sustained rainfall
163A plot of __________ verses __________ is a flood-frequency curve.
- Aflood extent; area of flood plain
- Bthe volume of erosion-derived bed load; flood water discharge
- Cflood water discharge; return period
- Dthe number of meanders in a stream; the number of floods experienced by the stream
164__________ is the moth with the highest number of flooding events in Canada.
- AApril
- BJanuary
- CMarch
- DOctober
165The energy stored in plants through photosynthesis is __________.
- Areturned to the liquid outer core when they burn
- Bliberated into the atmosphere when they burn
- Cabsorbed into plants when they burn
- Dreturned to the sun when they burn
166Which of the following is not part of the "fire triangle"?
- Aheat
- BO2
- Cspark
- Dfuel
167The wood debris left by loggers is ____________.
- Aslash
- Bduff
- Ccured wood
- Dcans
168We set a __________ to remove fuel from the front of a wildfire.
- Afallingdamp
- Bbackfire
- Cbackdamp
- Dforefire
169Ladder fuels __________.
- Adescribes the variable plant heights that result in a crownfire
- Bthe progression in complexity of hydrocarbon fuels
- Cdebris left behind by logging
- Ddecorative low shrubs around homes
170__________ is not one of the three combustion stages.
- Aspark
- Bpreheating
- Cinternal combustion
- Dglowing combustion
171__________ is not released during pyrolysis.
- Atar
- BO2
- Cwater
- Dhydrocarbon vapour
172Water is is the enemy of wood fires because __________.
- Awater floats on wood
- Bthe high heat capacity of water relative to wood absorbs the heat required for pyrolysis
- Cit displaces all of the O2 required for combustion
- Dwood floats on water
173A wildfire prepares the fuel ahead of it by __________.
- Aall of these
- Bconduction
- Cradiation
- Dconvection
174Treetop fires are also called __________.
- Acured fuel fires
- Bduff fires
- Ccrown fires
- Dcured meats fires
175The highest temperature fires are in __________.
- Agrasslands
- Bdeserts
- Crain forests
- Dforests with oil-rich trees and leaves
176Fire burns faster __________.
- Aalong flat ground
- Bsideways
- Cup slope
- Ddown slope
177Decomposing organic matter found at the base of trees is called?
- ADuff
- BAsh
- CFlotsam
- DSlash
178The eucalyptus forests in Australia ____________.
- Aare fire retardant
- Bare adapted to fire
179The heat and light of fire is a result of a combustion process that also produces CO2 and water.
- ATrue
- BFalse
180Theoretically, fire is the reversal of photosynthysis.
- ATrue
- BFalse
181Plants derive no benefit from fire.
- ATrue
- BFalse
182Which of the following statements is false about supercell thunderstorms?
- ATheir rotation is counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere
- BThey can spawn tornadoes
- CRain and hail usually precede tornado does
- DTheir rotation is clockwise in the northern hemisphere
183A span of time that is unusually dry for a region is a drought
- ATrue
- BFalse
184__________ provides most of the energy that drives severe weather.
- AHigh wind velocity
- BThe latent heat that is absorbed by water vapour when it condeses
- Cthe latent heat that is absorbed by water vapour when it freezes
- DThe latent heat that is released by water vapour when it condenses
185Drought most severely affect which two Canadian provinces?
- AOntario and Quebec
- BNewfoundland and Labrador
- CAlberta and Saskatchewan
- DPEI and New Brunswick
186Torandoes kill fewer _________ in regions that they devastate.
- AElderly people
- BMobile-home residents
- CThose in exterior rooms with windows
- DInfants
187Our weather occurs in the ________.
- ATroposphere
- BIonosphere
- Cmagnetosphere
- Dstratosphere
188Which of the following statements if true regarding heat waves?
- AMore people die in rural areas than do in cities during these events.
- BThe number of hot summer days in Toronto is not projected to increase in the next 40 years.
- CThe elderly and the young are often the ones who die during these events.
- DHeat waves are still on of the main causes of death due to natural disasters in Canada.
189Earth's rotation causes the polar jet stream to flow from west to east in
- Aboth the northern and southern hemispheres
- Bthe southern hemisphere only
- Cthe northern hemisphere only
- Dthe eastern hemisphere only
190jet streams are relatively narrow bands of high-velocity winds that flow from west to east at high altitudes.
- Atrue
- Bfalse
191Thunderstorms require that warm, moist air be elevated.
- ATrue
- BFalse
192An air mass that sinks and compresses becomes denser and warmer
- ATrue
- BFalse
193__________ is a common myth about lightning safety.
- ASwimming during a lightning storm is very dangerous
- BLightning can strike up to 15 km in front of a thunderstorm.
- CWait about 30 minutes after the last flash before leaving safety during a thunderstorm.
- DThe rubber in the tires of your car insulates your car from lightning strikes.
194Cool air ______ and ______ adiabatically when it sinks from low pressure to high pressure
- Acompresses; cools
- Bexpands; cools
- Ccompresses; warms
- Dexpands; warms
195_______ achieve the highest wind speeds of any weather disaster.
- AHurricanes
- BTornadoes
- CTyphoons
- DCyclones
196_________ is the Canadian province that gets the most thunderstorms.
- AOntario
- BNewfoundland and Labrador
- CPEI
- DQuebec
197The destructive action of a tornado includes all but which of the following.
- ALow funnel pressure that causes buildings to burst.
- BHigh winds that lift off roofs.
- CHigh funnel pressure that causes buildings to burst.
- DHigh winds that carry destructive debris.
198A storm is classified as a blizzard if all but which of the following conditions are met?
- AWind speed higher than 100 km/hr
- BTemperatures less than 0 C or wind chills -25 C or lower
- C3 hour minimum duration
- D1 km visibility or less
199_______ characteristic of a strong El Nino.
- ALate december arrival of warm ocean water to Peru and Ecuador is
- BWeak trade winds are
- Call of these are correct.
- DReversal of some furace currents are
200Which of the following descriptions of the elements of a lightning strike is false?
- AA stream of electric charge forms within the cloud
- BPositive charge in the cloud base induces positive charge on the ground
- CThe stream of electric charge moves earthward as a stepped ladder.
- DStreamers of charge form on the ground and connect to the stepped ladder.
Información
- Descripción
- Geology Test sobre Final, creado por Daniel Stiefvater el 19/04/2017.
- Autor
- Daniel Stiefvater
- Idioma
- English
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