P1 - Part 3

1. 1Electromagnetic waves do not need a [blank_start]medium[blank_end] to travel through. They can travel through a [blank_start]vacuum[blank_end].
   

   1. Amedium
   2. Bvacuum
2. 2All electromagnetic waves travel:
   1.) In [blank_start]straight[blank_end] lines.
   2.) At the same [blank_start]speed[blank_end] - the [blank_start]speed[blank_end] of [blank_start]light[blank_end]. ( 300,000,000m/s)

   1. Astraight
   2. Bspeed
   3. Cspeed
   4. Dlight
3. 3All [blank_start]waves[blank_end] can be reflected.
   The Law of Reflection states that the angle of [blank_start]incidence[blank_end] is always [blank_start]equal[blank_end] to the angle of [blank_start]reflection[blank_end].

   1. Awaves
   2. Bincidence
   3. Cequal
   4. Dreflection
4. 4All [blank_start]waves[blank_end] can be refracted.
   When waves move from one medium to another, their [blank_start]speed[blank_end] changes and this makes them change [blank_start]direction[blank_end]. The wave will slow down if it goes from a [blank_start]less[blank_end] dense material to a [blank_start]more[blank_end] dense material. If the wave slows down it will bend [blank_start]towards[blank_end] the [blank_start]normal[blank_end] line. The wave will speed up if it goes from a [blank_start]more[blank_end] dense material to a [blank_start]less[blank_end] dense material. If the wave speeds up it will bend [blank_start]away[blank_end] from the [blank_start]normal[blank_end] line.

   1. Awaves
   2. Bspeed
   3. Cdirection
   4. Dless
   5. Emore
   6. Fnormal
   7. Gtowards
   8. Hmore
   9. Iless
   10. Jaway
   11. Knormal
5. 5Diffraction occurs when waves pass through a [blank_start]gap[blank_end] or an [blank_start]obstacle[blank_end] which is a [blank_start]similar[blank_end] size to the [blank_start]wavelength[blank_end] of the wave. The wave [blank_start]spreads[blank_end] out. The more similar the gap is to the size of the wavelength, the more [blank_start]diffraction[blank_end] occurs.

   1. Agap
   2. Bobstacle
   3. Csimilar
   4. Dwavelength
   5. Espreads
   6. Fdiffraction
6. 6Wave - based sensors such as [blank_start]telescopes[blank_end] and m[blank_start]icroscopes[blank_end] are affected by because diffraction will limit the smallest thing they can detect. For example, two stars close together will be seen as one [blank_start]single[blank_end] star because [blank_start]diffraction[blank_end] will make the [blank_start]light[blank_end] from the two stars [blank_start]spread[blank_end] and overlap.

   1. Atelescopes
   2. Bicroscopes
   3. Csingle
   4. Ddiffraction
   5. Elight
   6. Fspread
7. 7[blank_start]Endoscopes[blank_end] allow doctors to see inside the body through a tiny incision. Inside the [blank_start]endoscope[blank_end] are bundles of [blank_start]optical[blank_end] [blank_start]fibres[blank_end]. [blank_start]Visible[blank_end] [blank_start]light[blank_end] is sent down one of the bundles of fibres. The [blank_start]image[blank_end] produced can be viewed down the [blank_start]fibre[blank_end] or on a [blank_start]TV[blank_end] screen.

   1. AEndoscopes
   2. Bendoscope
   3. Coptical
   4. Dfibres
   5. EVisible
   6. Flight
   7. Gimage
   8. Hfibre
   9. ITV
8. 8Morse code is an example of a [blank_start]digital[blank_end] [blank_start]signal[blank_end].

   1. Adigital
   2. Bsignal
9. 9Lasers produce a [blank_start]coherent[blank_end] [blank_start]monochromatic[blank_end] beam of light. They have many uses including in s[blank_start]urgical[blank_end] and [blank_start]dental[blank_end] treatments ( which means the patient [blank_start]bleeds[blank_end] less), [blank_start]cutting[blank_end] materials in industry, [blank_start]guiding[blank_end] weapons (by [blank_start]reflecting[blank_end] off the [blank_start]target[blank_end] to show that the [blank_start]aim[blank_end] is correct) and [blank_start]light[blank_end] [blank_start]laser[blank_end] shows.

   1. Acoherent
   2. Bmonochromatic
   3. Curgical
   4. Ddental
   5. Ebleeds
   6. Fcutting
   7. Gguiding
   8. Hreflecting
   9. Itarget
   10. Jaim
   11. Klight
   12. Llaser
10. 10Digital information can be stored as a sequence of billions of tiny [blank_start]pits[blank_end] ( a digital code ) in a [blank_start]metal[blank_end] layer on the underside of a CD. A CD player [blank_start]spins[blank_end] the disc and the [blank_start]laser[blank_end] light is [blank_start]reflected[blank_end] from the [blank_start]pits[blank_end]. The [blank_start]reflected[blank_end] pulses of [blank_start]light[blank_end] ( a [blank_start]digital[blank_end] signal of on and offs) are detected and turned into electrical [blank_start]signals[blank_end] and then transmitted to an [blank_start]amplifier[blank_end].

    1. Apits
    2. Bmetal
    3. Cspins
    4. Dlaser
    5. Ereflected
    6. Fpits
    7. Greflected
    8. Hlight
    9. Idigital
    10. Jsignals
    11. Kamplifier

11. 11When an object absorbs infrared, the [blank_start]energy[blank_end] from the electromagnetic wave is absorbed by the [blank_start]particles[blank_end] in the [blank_start]surface[blank_end] of the object and so their [blank_start]kinetic[blank_end] [blank_start]energy[blank_end] increases ( they [blank_start]vibrate[blank_end] more ). This means that the [blank_start]temperature[blank_end] of the object will increase. Some surface particles become so hot that they gt damage and burnt. The hotter [blank_start]surface[blank_end] particles then transfer energy to particles in the centre by [blank_start]conduction[blank_end] so the whole thing cooks through

    1. Aenergy
    2. Bparticles
    3. Csurface
    4. Dkinetic
    5. Eenergy
    6. Fvibrate
    7. Gtemperature
    8. Hsurface
    9. Iconduction
12. 12All objects give out infrared radiation but:
    1.) Hotter objects emit [blank_start]more[blank_end] infrared than cooler ones.
    2.) [blank_start]Black[blank_end] objects emit more infrared than [blank_start]pale[blank_end] ones at the same temperature
    3.) Rougher or [blank_start]dull[blank_end] surfaces emit more infrared than [blank_start]shiny[blank_end] ones at the same temperature

    1. Amore
    2. BBlack
    3. Cpale
    4. Ddull
    5. Eshiny
13. 13Food gets hot in an oven because it absorbs the infrared that the oven is emitting , but:
    1) A [blank_start]black[blank_end] object absorbs infrared better than a [blank_start]pale[blank_end] one so gets [blank_start]hotter[blank_end] more easily.
    2.) A shiny object [blank_start]reflects[blank_end] infrared so it cannot [blank_start]absorb[blank_end] it and does not get hot so easily.

    1. Ablack
    2. Bpale
    3. Chotter
    4. Dreflects
    5. Eabsorb
14. 14Wrapping a baked potato in kitchen foil [blank_start]reduces[blank_end] the amount of [blank_start]infrared[blank_end] radiation it emits, so it cools more [blank_start]slowly[blank_end].

    1. Areduces
    2. Binfrared
    3. Cslowly
15. 15Microwaves are electromagnetic waves that can penetrate about [blank_start]1[blank_end]cm into the food and are absorbed by [blank_start]water[blank_end] and [blank_start]fat[blank_end] molecules in the outer [blank_start]layers[blank_end] of the food. This increases their [blank_start]kinetic[blank_end] [blank_start]energy[blank_end], making them [blank_start]vibrate[blank_end] more. They then pass on [blank_start]kinetic[blank_end] [blank_start]energy[blank_end] to other particles via [blank_start]conduction[blank_end] and [blank_start]convection[blank_end]. The food should be [blank_start]stirred[blank_end] to enable the heat to be spread through the food. Shiny metal surfaces [blank_start]reflect[blank_end] [blank_start]microwaves[blank_end], which is why metal should never be put in an oven. Microwaves can penetrate through [blank_start]glass[blank_end] or p[blank_start]lastic[blank_end] so food in containers made from these materials can cook easily. To prevent microwaves passing out of the [blank_start]glass[blank_end] and p[blank_start]lastic[blank_end] machine, [blank_start]metal[blank_end] [blank_start]mesh[blank_end] is placed inside the door.

    1. A1
    2. Bwater
    3. Cfat
    4. Dlayers
    5. Ekinetic
    6. Fenergy
    7. Gvibrate
    8. Hkinetic
    9. Ienergy
    10. Jconduction
    11. Kconvection
    12. Lstirred
    13. Mreflect
    14. Nmicrowaves
    15. Oglass
    16. Plastic
    17. Qglass
    18. Rlastic
    19. Smetal
    20. Tmesh
16. 16Microwaves have [blank_start]longer[blank_end] wavelengths than infrared, which means they are absorbed bu water and fat more easily than infrared. This means they cook food more [blank_start]quickl[blank_end]y and are more able to cause burns on [blank_start]body[blank_end] tissue.

    1. Alonger
    2. Bquickl
    3. Cbody
17. 17Wireless Communications:
    Any appliance that communicates wirelessly need an [blank_start]aerial[blank_end].
    Advantages of wireless communications:
    1.) No wired connection needed
    2.) P[blank_start]ortable[blank_end]
    3.) C[blank_start]onvenient[blank_end]
    4.) Use it on the [blank_start]move[blank_end]

    1. Aaerial
    2. Bortable
    3. Convenient
    4. Dmove
18. 18Another advantage of wireless communications is that they travel through [blank_start]air[blank_end] and can be reflected/refracted by [blank_start]buildings[blank_end] or [blank_start]layers[blank_end] in the [blank_start]atmosphere[blank_end]. This allows a [blank_start]signal[blank_end] to be received that would otherwise be drops. However, the downside to this is that it may lead to a drop in [blank_start]signal[blank_end] [blank_start]quality[blank_end]. If the signal loses too much [blank_start]energy[blank_end], it becomes too [blank_start]weak[blank_end]. Also too many [blank_start]reflections[blank_end] can lead to a drop in [blank_start]quality[blank_end] as the appliance receives more than one [blank_start]signal[blank_end] at once. WiFi and Bluetooth are excellent for [blank_start]short[blank_end] range communication but a different technique is needed for [blank_start]long[blank_end] range communication.

    1. Abuildings
    2. Blayers
    3. Catmosphere
    4. Dair
    5. Esignal
    6. Fsignal
    7. Gquality
    8. Henergy
    9. Iweak
    10. Jreflections
    11. Kquality
    12. Lsignal
    13. Mshort
    14. Nlong
19. 19Long range communications:
    1.) Signals can be [blank_start]reflected[blank_end] off the [blank_start]ionosphere[blank_end] to let them travel [blank_start]further[blank_end]
    2.) Alternatively, [blank_start]microwaves[blank_end] can be used to send a signal to [blank_start]satellites[blank_end] which receive it and then re [blank_start]transmit[blank_end] the signal to a different receiver.
    

    1. Areflected
    2. Bionosphere
    3. Cfurther
    4. Dmicrowaves
    5. Esatellites
    6. Ftransmit
20. 20What can result in a drop in signal quality (and make it difficult to send the signal where we want)?
    1.) When waves are transmitted from [blank_start]dishes[blank_end], some of the signal [blank_start]diffracts[blank_end] rather than travelling in a [blank_start]straight[blank_end] line.
    2.) Waves [blank_start]refract[blank_end] as they pass through the [blank_start]layers[blank_end] in the [blank_start]atmosphere[blank_end].

    1. Adishes
    2. Bdiffracts
    3. Cstraight
    4. Drefract
    5. Elayers
    6. Fatmosphere
21. 21Seismic Waves:
    Earth's surface is made of plates of rock. Where these plates meet are [blank_start]fault[blank_end] [blank_start]lines[blank_end]. The plates moving can push or grind against each other. [blank_start]Pressure[blank_end] will build up in the plates and then there will be an abrupt slip along the fault line leading to the shifting of the [blank_start]plates[blank_end] and an [blank_start]earthquake[blank_end].
    Earthquakes send out a series of shock waves called [blank_start]seismic[blank_end] waves. These can cause serious [blank_start]damage[blank_end] when they reach earth's [blank_start]surface[blank_end]. If earthquakes happen under the sea, it may cause [blank_start]tsunami[blank_end].

    1. Afault
    2. Blines
    3. CPressure
    4. Dplates
    5. Eearthquake
    6. Fseismic
    7. Gdamage
    8. Hsurface
    9. Itsunami
22. 22P - Waves
    1.) Travel through [blank_start]solid[blank_end] and [blank_start]liquid[blank_end]
    2.) Travel very [blank_start]fast[blank_end]
    3.) Vibrations are in the [blank_start]same[blank_end] direction as the movement of the wave
    4.) [blank_start]Longitudinal[blank_end] waves

    1. Asolid
    2. Bliquid
    3. Cfast
    4. Dsame
    5. ELongitudinal
23. 23S - Waves:
    1.) Travel through [blank_start]solid[blank_end] only
    2.) Travel [blank_start]slower[blank_end] than P - Waves
    3.) Vibrations are at [blank_start]90[blank_end] degrees to the direction of the movement of the wave
    4.) [blank_start]Transverse[blank_end] wave

    1. Asolid
    2. Bslower
    3. C90
    4. DTransverse
24. 24After an earthquake, S-waves are only detected at certain places on the Earth. This is because the earth has a [blank_start]molten[blank_end] iron core and S - waves cannot travel through [blank_start]liquids[blank_end].
    

    1. Amolten
    2. Bliquids
25. 25Seismic waves are detected by [blank_start]seismometers[blank_end]. The data is recorded on [blank_start]seismographs[blank_end]

    1. Aseismometers
    2. Bseismographs
26. 26UV radiation is an electromagnetic wave. It has a [blank_start]short[blank_end] wavelength and a [blank_start]high[blank_end] frequency, meaning that it has a lot of [blank_start]energy[blank_end]. Exposure to a small amount of UV rays leads to [blank_start]sun[blank_end][blank_start]tan[blank_end], whilst exposure to large amounts leads to [blank_start]sun[blank_end][blank_start]burn[blank_end], [blank_start]premature[blank_end] [blank_start]skin[blank_end] [blank_start]aging[blank_end] and possibly [blank_start]skin[blank_end] [blank_start]cancer[blank_end]

    1. Ashort
    2. Bhigh
    3. Cenergy
    4. Dsun
    5. Etan
    6. Fsun
    7. Gburn
    8. Hpremature
    9. Iskin
    10. Jaging
    11. Kcancer
    12. Lskin
27. 27Sunscreen can reduce the damage caused by [blank_start]UV[blank_end] radiation. Sunscreen [blank_start]absorbs[blank_end] the UV and protects the [blank_start]skin[blank_end] underneath it.
    SPF ( sun protection factor ) tells you how much protection a certain sunscreen offers. SPF 30 means you can spend [blank_start]30[blank_end] times as long in the sun without [blank_start]burning[blank_end].

    1. AUV
    2. Babsorbs
    3. Cskin
    4. D30
    5. Eburning
28. 28The darker your skin, the more UV is [blank_start]absorbed[blank_end] at the [blank_start]surface[blank_end]. The protects the [blank_start]sensitive[blank_end] cells underneath.

    1. Aabsorbed
    2. Bsurface
    3. Csensitive
29. 29DAB radio - [blank_start]digital[blank_end]:
    Advantages:
    1.) [blank_start]More[blank_end] stations available
    2.) Less chance of [blank_start]interference[blank_end] with other [blank_start]stations[blank_end] so the [blank_start]signal[blank_end] is clearer.
    
    Disadvantages:
    1.) Not all [blank_start]areas[blank_end] of the UK are covered.
    2.) Sometimes the [blank_start]sound[blank_end] [blank_start]quality[blank_end] is not as good as FM as the sound has been [blank_start]compressed[blank_end]

    1. Adigital
    2. BMore
    3. Cinterference
    4. Dsignal
    5. Estations
    6. Fareas
    7. Gsound
    8. Hquality
    9. Icompressed
30. 30Infrared Radiation in Communications:
    Infrared radiation can be used to communicate over short distances, e.g. [blank_start]remote[blank_end] [blank_start]control[blank_end]s.
    In remote controls, the [blank_start]infrared[blank_end] [blank_start]light[blank_end] at the end of the remote flashes with a series of [blank_start]pulses[blank_end]. The TV has a [blank_start]sensor[blank_end] which [blank_start]detects[blank_end] this.
    
    Infrared radiation can also be used in:
    1.) [blank_start]Burglar[blank_end] [blank_start]alarms[blank_end]
    2.) [blank_start]Automatic[blank_end] [blank_start]security[blank_end] [blank_start]lights[blank_end]

    1. Aremote
    2. Bcontrol
    3. Cinfrared
    4. Dlight
    5. Epulses
    6. Fsensor
    7. Gdetects
    8. HBurglar
    9. Ialarms
    10. JAutomatic
    11. Ksecurity
    12. Llights

Descripción

GCSE Physics Test sobre P1 - Part 3, creado por Verity Cartwright el 29/05/2017.

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Verity Cartwright

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