week 6 test

Question 1

The choroid attaches to the retina and mainly consists of a dense capillary network.  These blood vessels provide nutrition to all layers of the eye.  Anteriorly the choroid becomes the ciliary body. The ciliary body consists of the ciliary muscles, the ciliary process, and the beginnings of the suspensory ligaments (Zonular fibers)

Answer

true

Question 2

The eye is the only organ in the body in which both voluntary and involuntary muscles are found.

Answer

true

Question 3

Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) are the most common congenital neck cyst. They are typically located in the midline and are the most common midline neck mass in young patients. They can be diagnosed with multiple imaging modalities, including ultrasound, CT, and MRI.

Answer

true

Question 4

The Strap Muscles connect the larynx and the hyoid bone with the sternum anteriorly

Answer

true

Question 5

The ophthalmic maxillary and mandibular nerves arises from the trigeminal ganglion

Answer

true

Question 6

The nervous tunic also called the inner tunic consists of the retina. The retina is the layer of the eye which contains the photoreceptors called rods and cones. Rods are responsible for transmitting shades of gray and seeing general shapes in low lighting while the cones are important for seeing vivid color and sharp images. This layer of nervous tissue transmits images to the brain by way of the optic nerve which exits the tunic at the posterior of the eye.  The area where the optic nerve exits the eye is an area where no rods or cones exist; it is commonly called the blind spot

Answer

true

Question 7

A congenital weakness of these external eye muscles may cause strabismus, a condition in which the eye turns medially or laterally. This causes the eyes to be unable to focus on a single area

Answer

true

Question 8

Deep to the anterior part of the sclera at its junction with the cornea is a ring-shaped venous sinus called the canal of Schlemm. This is the area where aqueous humor drains from the anterior chamber into small veins. This is also the area which if there is a blockage, an iridectomy or trabeculectomy may be performed.

Answer

true

Question 9

The eyelids contain sebaceous (meibomian) glands which produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eyelid and the eye. These glands can become blocked and swollen creating a cyst called the lacrimal apparatus

Answer

true

Question 10

Keloid is a raised dense accumulation of fibrous tissue from traumatic wounds or surgical scars.

Answer

true

Question 11

The Rules of nines is used to determine the amount of skin surfaced burned by dividing the body into 11 areas of 9% each

Answer

true

Question 12

Because of its ability to reach even higher temperatures, exposure time in a flash autoclave is reduced resulting in faster cycles and a quick, yet effective sterilization process. However, it is not recommended as a routine sterilization method because of the lack of timely biological indicators to monitor performance, absence of protective packaging following sterilization, possibility for contamination of processed items during transportation to the operating rooms, and the sterilization cycle parameters (i.e., time, temperature, pressure) are minimal. To prepare an item for immediate use,, the cleaned item is placed in a perforated instrument tray and processed in gravity or prevacuum sterilizers at 270°F (132°C) for a sterilization time of 3 minutes (if it is a metal item that is nonporous and has no lumens). A metal item that is porous or has lumens must be sterilized for 10 minutes in a gravity sterilizer or 4 minutes in a prevacuum sterilizer. The item is transported in a covered tray. Each day the sterilizer is used, a BI must be run.

Answer

true

Question 13

The biconvex lens lies directly behind the iris in front of the vitreous body.  It is encircled by the ciliary processes and is encapsulated with a transparent, highly elastic membrane. It is held in place by the suspensory ligaments. The suspensory ligaments are pulled and relaxed to change the shape of the lens (accommodation).  Just as with the cornea, the lens is avascular

Answer

true

Question 14

Langer’s lines are the anatomic lines of tension, which mark areas where dense elastic fibers are the most pronounced

Answer

true

Question 15

The thyroid gland is a brownish-red, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland which lies anterior portion of the neck deep to the paired strap muscles resting on the midline of the trachea. It is attached to the cricoid and trachea by the ligament of Berry

Answer

true

Question 16

The eyeball or globe is framed by the bony orbit, also called the orbital cavity, which consist of seven separate bones. These bones include the lacrimal, ethmoid maxilla, palatine, frontal, sphenoid and zygomatic bones.

Answer

true

Question 17

Parathyroid (PTH) hormone is an antagonist to calcitonin. They both work together to maintain calcium homeostatis.

Answer

true

Question 18

The high vacuum/gravity air-displacement sterilizer is the most commonly used steam sterilizer in a Central Service Department. In a gravity air-displacement sterilizer, steam enters at the top back of the chamber and displaces the air in the chamber in the front bottom drain, so the temperature increases. This sterilizer has a longer operation cycle than the immediate-use (flash) sterilizer (discussed later) and it does not destroy fabric or linen. The most common temperature, pressure, and time required for gravity sterilizers are 250-or 270°F (121 or-132°C), 15-17 psi, and a minimum exposure of 30 or 15 minutes for wrapped instruments. Place basins and any other containers on their sides in order to prevent the possibility of moisture pooling.

Answer

true

Question 19

The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve a branch of the Vagus Nerve Must be protected during Thyroid surgery. Immediate Hoarseness occurs if one branch is injured. If recurrent nerve is injured bilaterally acute paralysis of both vocal cords may obstruct the airway requiring an emergency tracheotomy.

Answer

true

Question 20

A tissue graft taken from a donor of one species and transplanted into a recipient of a different species.

Accepted Answer

xenograft

Answer

Keloid

Answer

Free flap

Answer

Homograft

Question 21

Operating room: Filtered air is exhausted to the outside of the health care facility, The minimum air exchange rate is 10 times per hour, Temperature should be maintained between 64° F and 70° F with a humidity of 35 to 72 percent and a Negative air pressure is maintained

Answer

true

Question 22

Blood is supplied to the Thyroid from the Superior thyroid artery which originates from the external carotid artery and from the internal Thyroid artery, which originates from the thyrocervical trunk of the Subclavian artery

Answer

true

Question 23

Glutaraldehyde disrupts the structure of proteins and nucleic acids and is used primarily for high-level disinfection.  Though it is capable of killing all kinds of microorganisms including spores and sterilizing equipment, it is not practical because of the 6 hour exposure time to agent for actual sterilization to occur

Answer

true

Question 24

The sclera and cornea form what is called the external tunic or fibrous tunic of the eye. This outer layer of the eye can be divided into three basic areas, the cornea, the sclera and the limbus.  The cornea is the clear portion which covers the iris and the pupil. It consists of five layers, the epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, the stroma, Descemet’s membrane, and the endothelium

Answer

true

Question 25

Biological indicators must be used with each EO cycle to verify its effectiveness as a sterilant. Bacillus atrophaeus (formerly Bacillus subtillus) is used to challenge ETO sterilizers. The effectiveness of EO sterilization depends on the concentration of gas, temperature, humidity, and exposure time

Answer

true

Question 26

Emergency Treatment for An Acute MH Event- The following things should be done first: 
•Notify surgeon to halt the procedure ASAP: Discontinue volatile agents and succinylcholine..

–         If surgery must be continued, maintain general anesthesia with IV non-triggering anesthetics (e.g., IV sedatives, narcotics, amnestics and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers as needed)
◦Get dantrolene/MH cart. .
◦Hyperventilate with 100% oxygen at flows of 10L/min to flush volatile anesthetics and lower ETCO2. If available, insert activated charcoal filters (Vapor-Clean™, Dynasthetics, Salt Lake City, UT) into the inspiratory and expiratory limbs of the breathing circuit. .
◦Give IV dantrolene 2.5 mg/kg rapidly through large-bore IV, if possible. Repeat as frequently as needed until the patient responds with a decrease in ETCO2, decreased muscle rigidity, and/or lowered heart rate. Large doses (>10mg/kg) may be required for patients with persistent contractures or rigidity..
◦administration of sodium bicarbonate, 1-2 mEq/kg dose, for base excess greater than -8 (maximum dose 50 mEq)..
◦Cool the patient if core temperature is >39°C or less if rapidly rising. Stop cooling when the temperature has decreased to <38°C..

If hyperkalemia (K > 5.9 or less with ECG changes) is present, treat with:
◾Calcium chloride 10 mg/kg (maximum dose 2,000 mg) or calcium gluconate 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 3,000 mg) for life-threatening hyperkalemia.
◾Sodium bicarbonate.

–         1-2 mEq/kg IV (maximum dose 50 mEq)
◦Glucose/insulin

Answer

true

Question 27

STERIS® system—uses the active ingredient peracetic acid as the sterilant.

Answer

true

Question 28

Bacteriostatic: substance that restrains the further development or reproduction of bacteria

Answer

true

Question 29

The vagus nerve travels inferior to the carotid within the carotid sheath. In the chest, the vagus sends a branch back to the larynx called the recurrent laryngeal nerve, ascends along the tracheoesophageal (TE) groove and enters the larynx to innervate the true vocal cords.

Answer

true

Question 30

The lingual nerve is identified in submandibular gland excision as it travels superior and deep to the gland. The phrenic nerve travels in the posterior neck to the diaphragm from cervical roots 3-5. The brachial plexus also starts in the posterior neck, running from CS to There is also a cervical sympathetic chain which travels in the carotid sheath.

Answer

true

Question 31

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) originates in the dermis and usually develops on sun-exposed skin

Answer

true

Question 32

Biological indicator- Geobacillus stearothermophilus is used to test steam sterilizers

Answer

true

Question 33

The skin is the largest organ of the body and second in weight to the muscles. The skin layers include the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue layers. The epidermis is composed of keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel’s cells and consists of five layers. The five layers are the

•     stratum corneum layer of dead cells,

•     stratum lucidum layer that is prevalent in the thickened areas of the soles of feet and palms of the hand,

•     stratum granulosum layer, which is active in mitosis,

•     stratum spinosum, which protects from foreign materials and produces lipids that prevent moisture loss form skin,

•     stratum basal layer of cells for mitosis

Answer

true

Question 34

Cyclodialysis is a Surgical opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space to decrease elevated pressure within the eye in glaucoma.

Answer

true

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