Test
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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Preguntas del test (40)
1The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion include
which solute?- ASodium and water retention
- BSodium retention and water loss
- Cc. Sodium dilution and water retention
- DSodium dilution and water loss
2Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion?
- ABeing treated for small cell carcinoma of the stomach
- BTaking high dose acetaminophen (Tylenol) for arthritis
- CHad a hip replacement operation 14 days ago
- DHas long-standing kidney disease from diabetes
3Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome
of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?- AHypernatremia and urine hypoosmolality
- B. Serum potassium (K+) level of 5 mEq/L and urine hyperosmolality compared to
serum - CSerum sodium (Na+) level of 120 mEq/L and serum osmolality 260 mOsm/kg
- DSerum potassium (K+) of 2.8 mEq/L and serum hyperosmolality
4What is diabetes insipidus a result of?
- AAntidiuretic hormone hyposecretion
- BAntidiuretic hormone hypersecretion
- CInsulin hyposecretion
- DInsulin hypersecretion
5A patient who is diagnosed with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day.
Electrolytes are within normal limits, but the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low.
Although the patient has had no intake for 4 hours, no change in the polyuria level has occurred. What treatment or diagnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the
patient for?- AAdministration of desmopressin
- BSerum copeptin testing
- CInsulin administration
- DRenal angiogram
6A patient is having a water deprivation test. The patient’s initial weight was 220 pounds (100 kg). The next weight is 209 pounds (95 kg). What action by the healthcare professional is
most appropriate?- AStop the water deprivation test.
- BAdminister salt tablets.
- CContinue with the test as planned.
- DTake the patient’s blood glucose.
7A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)?
- AAnterior pituitary tumor
- BThalamus hypofunction
- CPosterior pituitary trauma
- DRenal tubule disease
8Which form of diabetic insipidus (DI) will result if the target cells for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the renal collecting tubules demonstrate insensitivity?
- ANeurogenic
- BNephrogenic
- CPsychogenic
- DIschemic
9Which laboratory value is consistent with diabetes insipidus (DI)?
- ALow urine-specific gravity
- BLow serum sodium
- CLow urine protein
- DHigh serum total protein
10A patient has nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI). What treatment does the healthcare professional anticipate for this patient?
- AExogenous ADH replacement
- BIntranasal desmopressin
- CWater and sodium restriction
- DLoop diuretic administration
11Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?
- AHypothyroidism
- BHypercortisolism
- CDiabetes insipidus
- DInsulin hyposecretion
12A healthcare professional reads a chart that notes the patient has panhypopituitarism. What does the professional understand that term to mean?
- AThe patient has a lack of all hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland.
- BThe patient has a lack of all hormones associated with the lateral pituitary gland.
- CThe patient has total adrenocorticoptropic hormone deficiency.
- DThe patient has a dysfunction of the posterior pituitary gland due to a tumor.
13Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of what?
- ALiberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm
- BPituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes
- CPressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm
- DPressure of the tumor on the optic and oculomotor cranial nerves
14A patient has an enlarged tongue, body odor, rough skin, and coarse hair. Which laboratory result does the healthcare professional associate with this presentation?
- ADecreased blood glucose
- BIncreased growth hormone
- CDecreased ACTH
- DIncreased TSH
15A patient has acromegaly. What assessment by the healthcare professional would be most important?
- ASkin condition
- BSleep patterns
- CBowel function
- DRange of motion
16Why does giantism occur only in children and adolescents?
- ATheir growth hormones are still diminished.
- BTheir epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.
- CTheir skeletal muscles are not yet fully developed.
- DTheir metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood.
17A patient chart notes the patient has amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteoporosis.
What diagnostic test would the healthcare professional prepare the patient for?- AWater deprivation test
- BHemoglobin A1C
- CCT scan of the head
- DOvarian biopsy
18What does Graves’ disease develop from?
- AA viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
- BAn autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace
thyroid tissue - CA thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
- DAn ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter
19Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for other signs of thyrotoxic crisis?
- AConstipation with gastric distention
- BBradycardia and bradypnea
- CHyperthermia and tachycardia
- DConstipation and lethargy
20Which pathologic changes are associated with Graves’ disease?
- AHigh levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
- BDiminished levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
- CHigh levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
- DDiminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin
21A healthcare professional is palpating the neck of a person diagnosed with Graves’ disease.
What finding would the professional associate with this disorder?- AParathyroids left of midline
- BThyroid small with discrete nodules
- CParathyroids normal in size
- DThyroid diffusely enlarged
22A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the
person to include in the diet?- AIron
- BIodine
- CZinc
- DMagnesium
23A patient has a suspected thyroid carcinoma. What diagnostic test does the healthcare
professional prepare the patient for?- AMeasurement of serum thyroid levels
- BRadioisotope scanning
- CUltrasonography
- DFine-needle aspiration biopsy
24Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CExogenous
- DInflammatory
25A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional?
- ATSH and T4
- BSerum sodium
- CSerum calcium
- DUrine osmolality
26A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values:
arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum
potassium (K+) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has
been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin
deficiency?- AIncreased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.
- BDecreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis.
- CIncreased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.
- DDecreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss
27Why does polyuria occur with diabetes mellitus?
- AFormation of ketones
- BChronic insulin resistance
- CElevation in serum glucose
- DIncrease in antidiuretic hormone
28A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The
professors’ response would be that Type 2 is best described as what?- AResistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
- BNeed for lifelong insulin injections
- CIncrease of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas
- DPresence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas
29A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experienced an episode of hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The healthcare professional teaches the person that what is the most probable cause of these symptoms?
- AHyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
- BDawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
- CHypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
- DSomogyi effect from insulin sensitivity
30Which serum glucose level would indicate hypoglycemia in a newborn?
- A28 mg/dL
- B40 mg/dL
- C60 mg/dL
- D80 mg/dL
31When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA?- AFluid loss
- BWeight loss
- CIncreased serum glucose
- DKussmaul respirations
32Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with what?
- AThe Somogyi effect
- BThe dawn phenomenon
- CDiabetic ketoacidosis
- DHyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
33A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder?
- AMore frequent blood glucose monitoring
- BModerate dietary sodium restriction
- CTreatment with an ACE inhibitor
- DHome blood pressure monitoring
34Which classification of oral hypoglycemic drugs decreases hepatic glucose production and
increases insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose uptake?- ABiguanide (metformin)
- BSulfonylureas (glyburide)
- CMeglitinides (glinides)
- Dα-Glycosidase inhibitor (miglitol)
35What causes the microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus?
- AThe capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow.
- BPressure in capillaries increases as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water.
- CThe capillary basement membranes thicken, and cell hyperplasia develops.
- DFibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries.
36A healthcare professional advises a person with diabetes mellitus to have an annual eye exam.
When the person asks why this is necessary, the professional states that retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because of what reason?- APlaques of lipids develop in the retinal vessels.
- BPressure in the retinal vessels increase as a result of increased osmotic pressure.
- CKetones cause microaneurysms in the retinal vessels.
- DRetinal ischemia and red blood cell aggregation occur.
37A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these?
- APrevious thyroid surgery
- BUrine osmolality
- CSerum electrolytes
- DUse of glucocorticoids
38A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle spasms
- BTonic-clonic seizures
- CLaryngeal spasms
- DHyporeflexia
- EAsphyxiation
39A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular complications
in which areas? (Select all that apply.)- AEyes
- BCoronary arteries
- CRenal system
- DPeripheral vascular system
- ENerves
40What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply.)
- AIntolerance to heat
- BRestlessness
- CConstipation
- DBradycardia
- ELethargy
Información
- Descripción
- Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition
- Autor
- Emily Doyle
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 2.292
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- Valoración
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