Chapter 11 - Muscle Tissue

1. 1Which of the following is a function of the skeletal muscle?

   1. AProduce movement
   2. BMaintain posture
   3. CMaintain body temperature
   4. DAll of the above
   5. EA and B only
2. 2Which of the following statements is incorrect?

   1. AThe contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton
   2. BSkeletal muscles are responsible for controlling the openings of the digestive and urinary tracts
   3. CSkeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart
   4. DSkeletal muscles support the weight of some internal organs
   5. ESkeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature
3. 3The dense layer of collagen fibers that surround an entire skeletal muscle is the

   1. ATendon
   2. BEpimysium
   3. CEndomysium
   4. DPerimysium
   5. EFasicle
4. 4Nerves and blood vessels that service the muscle fibers are contained in the connective tissues of the

   1. AEndomysium
   2. BPerimysium
   3. CSarcolemma
   4. DSarcomere
   5. EMyofibrils
5. 5The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the

   1. AEndomysium
   2. BPerimysium
   3. CEpimysium
   4. DSuperficial fascia
   5. EPeriosteum
6. 6The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeleton muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)

   1. AFascicle
   2. BTendon
   3. CLigament
   4. DEpimysium
   5. EMyofibril
7. 7Skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers

   1. ALack a cell membrane
   2. BHave many nuclei
   3. CAre very small
   4. DLack mitochondria
   5. EBoth B and C
8. 8The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is

   1. Athe ability to contract
   2. Bthe ability to produce more ATP with little oxygen
   3. Cthe ability to repair the fiber after an injury
   4. Dthe ability to produce large amounts of the enzymes and structural proteins needed for contraction
   5. EBoth B and C
9. 9Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called

   1. ASaromeres
   2. BMyofibrils
   3. CMyoblasts
   4. DFascicles
   5. EMyomeres
10. 10The cell membrane of skeletal muscle is called the

    1. Asarcolemma
    2. Bsarcomere
    3. Csarcosome
    4. Dsarcoplasmic reticulum
    5. Esarcoplasm

11. 11The cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the

    1. ASarcolemma
    2. BSarcomere
    3. CSarcosome
    4. DSarcoplasmic reticulum
    5. ESarcoplasm
12. 12The series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the

    1. Asarcolemma
    2. Bsarcoplasma reticulum
    3. CMyolemma
    4. DSarcoplasm
    5. ETransverse tubule
13. 13The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the

    1. ASarcolemma
    2. BSarcomere
    3. CSarcoplasmic reticulum
    4. DMyofibril
    5. EMyofilament
14. 14Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for

    1. AMuscle fatigue
    2. BThe conduction of neural stimulation to the muscle fiber
    3. Cmuscle contraction
    4. Dmuscle relaxation
    5. Ethe striped appearance of skeletal muscle
15. 15In a sarcomere, thick filaments are linked by the

    1. AZ line
    2. BM line
    3. CH band
    4. DA band
    5. EI band
16. 16Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are attached to the

    1. AZ line
    2. BM line
    3. CH band
    4. DA band
    5. EI band
17. 17The area of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments is the

    1. AZ line
    2. BM line
    3. CA band
    4. DI band
18. 18The area of the sarcomere that contains only thin filaments is the

    1. AZ line
    2. BM line
    3. CH band
    4. DA band
    5. EI band
19. 19Each thin filament consists of

    1. AA pair of protein strands wound together
    2. BChains of myosin molecules
    3. C6 molecules coiled into a helical structure
    4. Da rod-shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end
    5. EA double strand of myosin molecules
20. 20The area in the center of the A band that contains only thick filaments is the

    1. AZ line
    2. BM line
    3. CH band
    4. DI band
    5. EZone of overlap
21. 21The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores

    1. Aoxygen
    2. Bglycogen
    3. CATP
    4. DCalcium ions
    5. EGlucose
22. 22The skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of

    1. AActin, myosin, and filaments
    2. BA transverse tubule and terminal cisternae
    3. CFilaments, myofibrils, and sarcomeres
    4. DA bands, H bands, and I bands
    5. EActin, myosin, and sarcomeres
23. 23Cross-bridges are portions of

    1. AActin molecules
    2. BMyosin molecules
    3. CTroponin molecules
    4. DATP molecules
    5. ECalcium ions
24. 24At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by

    1. AActin molecules
    2. BMyosin molecules
    3. CTroponin molecules
    4. DATP molecules
    5. ECalcium ions
25. 25Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single

    1. ASynaptic knob
    2. Bsarcomere
    3. Cneuromuscular junction
    4. Dsynaptic cleft
    5. Etransverse tubule
26. 26The space between neuron and the muscle is the

    1. Asynaptic knob
    2. Bmotor end plate
    3. Cmotor unit
    4. Dsynaptic cleft
    5. EM line
27. 27Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the

    1. ASynaptic knob
    2. BMotor end plate
    3. CSaromere
    4. DSynaptic cleft
    5. ETransverse tubule
28. 28Action potentials are conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by

    1. AMotor end plates
    2. BNeuromuscular junctions
    3. CTransverse tubules
    4. DTriads
    5. ESarcoplasmic reticulum
29. 29Active sites on the actin become available for binding when

    1. AActin binds to troponin
    2. BTroponin binds to tropomyosin
    3. CCalcium binds to troponin
    4. DCalcium binds to tropomyosin
    5. EMyosin binds to troponin
30. 30In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases ______________

    1. AAcetylcholine
    2. BSodium ions
    3. CPotassium ions
    4. DCalcium ions
    5. EHydrogren inos
31. 31Which of the following acts as an ATPase during the contraction cycle of muscle?

    1. Aactin molecules
    2. Btroponin molecules
    3. Ctropomyosin molecules
    4. Dmyosin cross-bridges
    5. Ethe tail portion of the myosin molecules
32. 32When calcium ions binds to troponin

    1. Atropomyosin moves out of the groove between the actin molecules
    2. BActin sites on the myosin are exposed
    3. Cactin heads will bind to myosin
    4. Dmuscle relaxation occurs
    5. Emyosin shortens
33. 33The most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is

    1. AActive transport of calcium across the sarcolemma
    2. BActive transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
    3. CActive transport of calcium into the synaptic cleft
    4. DDiffusion of calcium out of the cell
    5. EDiffusion of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
34. 34Sarcomeres can produce the most tension when stimulated over a relatively wide range of resting lengths

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
35. 35Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during the ___________ of contraction

    1. ALatent period
    2. BContraction phase
    3. Crecovery phase
    4. Drelaxation phase
    5. EA and B
36. 36The type of contraction represented by a single stimulus/contraction/relaxation sequence is a(n)

    1. ATwitch
    2. BIncomplete tetanus
    3. CComplete tetanus
    4. DSummation
    5. EIncomplete summation
37. 37When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly for several seconds with a stimulus, the amount of tension gradually increases to a maximum. This phenomenon is called

    1. AIncomplete tetanus
    2. BComplete tetanus
    3. Ca twitch
    4. Dwave summation
    5. Erecruitment
38. 38If a second stimulus arrives before the relaxation phase has ended, a second, more powerful contraction occurs. This is called

    1. AIncomplete tetanus
    2. BComplete tetanus
    3. CTreppe
    4. DWave summation
    5. Erecruitment
39. 39A muscle that is stimulated so frequently that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated is said to exhibit

    1. AIncomplete tetanus
    2. BComplete tetanus
    3. CTreppe
    4. DWave summation
    5. ERecruitment
40. 40The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called

    1. AIncomplete tetanus
    2. BComplete tetanus
    3. CTreppe
    4. DWave summation
    5. ERecruitment
41. 41The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension but do not shorten is called

    1. ATetany
    2. BTreppe
    3. CConcentric
    4. DIsotonic
    5. EIsometric
42. 42A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by

    1. AConversion of creatine phosphate
    2. BAnaerobic respiration
    3. CAerobic respiration
    4. DGlycogenolysis
    5. EThe tricarboxylic acid cycle
43. 43Creatine phosphate

    1. Ais produced by the process of anaerobic respiration
    2. BCan replace ATP in binding to myosin molecules during contraction
    3. CActs as an energy reserve in muscle tissue
    4. DIs only formed during strenuous exercise
    5. ECannot transfer its phosphate group to ADP
44. 44During anaerobic glycolysis

    1. AATP is produced
    2. BPyruvic acid is produced
    3. CLactic acid is produced is pyruvic acid accumulates
    4. DAll of the above
    5. EA and B only
45. 45When energy reserves in a muscle are exhausted and lactic acid levels increase, ___________ occurs

    1. Aan oxygen debt
    2. Bfatigue
    3. Ctreppe
    4. Dtetanus
    5. Eatrophy
46. 46During the recovery period following exercise, all of the following are true, except

    1. ALactic acid is removed from muscle cells
    2. BThe muscle actively produces ATP
    3. CMuscle fibers remain contracted
    4. DOxygen is consumed
    5. EHeat is generated
47. 47During the recovery period the body's need for oxygen is increased because

    1. Amuscle cells are producing energy anaerobically
    2. Bthe individual is panting
    3. Cadditional oxygen is required to metabolize the lactic acid produced during exercise
    4. Dthe liver requires more oxygen to produce lactic acid
    5. Ethe muscles are not producing ATP
48. 48Fast glycolytic fibers

    1. Ahave high resistance to fatigue
    2. Bhave high concentration of myoglobin
    3. Chave many mitochondria
    4. Dproduce powerful contraction
    5. EBoth B and D
49. 49The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the __________ fiber

    1. AFast
    2. BSlow
    3. CAnaerobic
    4. DIntermediate
    5. EHigh-density
50. 50Contractions that utilize anaerobic ATP production

    1. Arequire maximal contraction of muscles for short periods of time
    2. Bdo not use ATP very quickly
    3. Crely on slow muscle fibers
    4. Ddo not rely on the energy reserve of creatine phosphate
51. 51Each of the following changes in the skeletal muscles is a consequence of aging except that

    1. AMuscle fibers become small in diameter
    2. BMuscles become less elastic
    3. CMuscles fatigue more rapidly
    4. DMuscle fibers increase their reserves of glycogen
    5. EThere is a steady decrease in the number of satellite cells
52. 52Each of the following changes in the skeletal muscles is a consequence of aging except that

    1. AIntegumentary
    2. BReproductive
    3. CCardiovascular
    4. DUrinary
    5. EDigestive
53. 53Which of the following is false

    1. Acardiac muscle contractions cannot be summated
    2. Bskeletal muscle contraction may be summated
    3. Cskeletal muscle control is neural
    4. Dcardiac muscle control is neural only
    5. Ecardiocytes are interconnected through intercalated discs
54. 54Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle?

    1. ASmooth muscle connective tissue forms tendons and aponeuroses
    2. BNeurons that innervate smooth muscles are under involuntary control
    3. CSmooth muscles are uninucleate
    4. DSmooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres
    5. EThe thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies
55. 55Which of the following is not a function of smooth muscle tissue?

    1. AAltering the diameter of the respiratory passageway
    2. BElevating hairs on the arm
    3. CForcing blood from the heart into the major arteries
    4. DMoving food materials along the digestive tract
    5. EForcing urine out of the urinary digestive tract
56. 56The ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths is called

    1. AElasticity
    2. BContractibility
    3. CExtensibility
    4. DPlasticity
    5. EVariability
57. 57At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together to form either a bundle known as a _________ , or a broad sheet called an aponeurosis

    1. ATendon
    2. BSatellite cells
    3. CJoint
    4. DFascicle
    5. Enone of the above
58. 58In order for a muscle to contract properly, it requires

    1. AEnergy
    2. BOxygen
    3. CNutrients
    4. DAn adequate blood supply
    5. EAll of the above
59. 59Skeletal muscle contracts only under stimulation from the _____________

    1. ASympathetic nervous system
    2. BParasympathetic nervous system
    3. CCentral nervous system
    4. DAll of the above
    5. ENone of the above
60. 60When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts, the __________

    1. AH zones and I bands get smaller
    2. BZones of overlap get larger
    3. CZ lines get closer together
    4. DWidth of A bend stays constant
    5. EAll of the above
61. 61The pull called tension is a(n) ___________ force

    1. APassive
    2. BAssertive
    3. CAgressive
    4. DActive
    5. EAll of the above
62. 62In the neurons that innervate skeletal muscles, the cytoplasm of the synaptic terminal contains mitochondria and vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter

    1. AEpinephrine
    2. BNorepinephrine
    3. CAcetylcholine
    4. DAntidiuretic hormone
    5. EAll of the above
63. 63ATP metabolism normally provides _________ percent of the ATP demands of a resting cell

    1. A25
    2. B50
    3. C70
    4. D95
    5. E100
64. 64In an isotonic contraction

    1. Amuscle tension exceeds the resistance and the muscle shortens
    2. Btension rises and the skeletal muscle length canges
    3. Cthe peak tension developed is less than the resistance
    4. Dthe muscle as a whole does not change length
    5. Eall of the above
65. 65The contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on a bone because

    1. Amuscles are attached to bones by ligaments
    2. Bmuscles are directly attached to bones
    3. Cmuscles are attached to bones by tendons
    4. DA, B, and C
    5. ENone of the above
66. 66Large diameter, densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and a few mitochondria are characteristics of

    1. Aslow fibers
    2. Bintermediate fibers
    3. Cfast fibers
    4. Dred muscles
    5. Efatty muscles
67. 67Physical evidence that supports the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction includes

    1. Aincreased width of the H band during contraction
    2. Bdecreased distance between Z lines during contraction
    3. CIncreased width of the I band during contraction
    4. DDecreased width of the A band during contraction
    5. EAn increased distance between Z lines during contraction
68. 68Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have

    1. Aa rich nerve supply
    2. Ba rich vascular supply
    3. Cvery few mitochondria
    4. Dlittle need for oxygen
    5. Ea large concentration of tissue hemoglobbin
69. 69During muscle contraction, all of the following occur, except

    1. AATP is hydrolyzed
    2. BMyosin heads bind to actin
    3. Cthe H band becomes shorter
    4. DCalcium concentration in the sarcomere increases
    5. EHemoglobin concentration in muscle fibers increases
70. 70Which of the following is greater?

    1. Athe concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle
    2. Bthe concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasm of a resting muscle
71. 71When myosin cross-bridges bind to the active sites on actin,

    1. AADP is hydrolyzed
    2. BThey pivot toward the M line
    3. Cthe sarcomere strengthens
    4. Dmuscle relaxation occurs
    5. Ethe I band moves closer to the Z line
72. 72After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium beings to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as

    1. ATetany
    2. BTreppe
    3. CDepolarization
    4. DRigor mortis
    5. EOxygen debt
73. 73How would blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase affect skeletal muscle?

    1. AIt would make the muscle less excitable
    2. Bit would produce muscle weakness
    3. Cit would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax)
    4. Dit would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract)
    5. Eit would have no effect on skeletal muscles
74. 74When acetylcholine binds to the receptors at the motor end plate, the muscle membrane becomes

    1. Amore permeable to sodium ions
    2. Bless permeable to sodium ions
    3. Cless permeable to potassium ions
    4. Dmore permeable to potassium ions
    5. Erepolarized
75. 75In which of the following would the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers be the greatest?

    1. ALarge muscles of the upper arms
    2. Bpostural muscles of the back
    3. CMuscles that control the eye
    4. Dleg muscles
    5. Ethe calf muscle
76. 76When contraction occurs

    1. Athe H and I bands get smaller
    2. Bthe width of the A band remains contant
    3. Cthe Z lines move closer together
    4. DAll of the above
    5. Enone of the above
77. 77Which of the following muscles would contract more forcefully?

    1. Aa muscle receiving 5 action potentials per second
    2. Ba muscle receiving 10 to 15 action potentials per second
78. 78Which of the following muscles would produce the greater tension?

    1. Aa muscle with 20 motor units active
    2. Ba muscle with 10 motor units active
79. 79Increased oxygen consumption would accompany all of the following, except

    1. AIncreased heat production
    2. BIncreased conversion of lactate to glucose
    3. Cincreased aerobic respiration by muscle cells
    4. DDecreased ATP use
    5. EIncreased muscle activity
80. 80If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect

    1. AThe potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal
    2. BThe membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative
    3. CSkeletal muscles to be unresponsive and the heart muscle would undergo cardiac arrest
    4. DMuscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions
    5. Eboth A and D
81. 81The bacterium that causes tetanus produces a toxin that affects the central nervous system and skeletal muscles, producing powerful tetanic contractions of the skeletal muscles. The toxin probably acts by

    1. Aincreasing the amount of acetylcholinesterase in the synapse
    2. Bmaking the cells less permeable to sodium ions
    3. Cincreasing the amount of potassium ion in the intercellular fluid
    4. Dmaking the cell membranes more permeable to calcium ion
    5. Eblocking and competing and with acetylcholine for receptors at the motor end plate
82. 82Athletes usually go through a "warm-up" period before engaging in an event. The reason for this "warm-up" period would be to take advantage of

    1. AIncomplete tetanus
    2. Bcomplete tetanus
    3. Ctreppe
    4. Dwave summation
    5. Erecruitment
83. 83Muscle tissue that is involuntary

    1. Acardiac muscle only
    2. Bsmooth muscle only
    3. Cskeletal muscle only
    4. Dcardiac muscle and smooth muscle
    5. Ecardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
84. 84Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system

    1. AProducing movement
    2. Bmaintaining posture
    3. Cstabilizing joints
    4. Dgenerating heat
    5. Ehemptopoiesis
85. 85Acetylcholine is

    1. Aan ion pump
    2. Ba source of energy for muscle contractions
    3. Ca component of thick myofilaments
    4. Dan oxygen binding protein
    5. Ea neurotransmitter
86. 86During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to active sites of

    1. Amyosin filaments
    2. Bactin filaments
    3. CZ lines
    4. Dthick filaments
    5. Ethe H zone
87. 87A muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that

    1. Athe tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli
    2. Bthe muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and jerky
    3. Cthe muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups
    4. Dthe muscle twitch is a brief and jerky movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
88. 88Muscle tone is

    1. Athe feeling of well-being following exericse
    2. Bthe ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force
    3. Cthe condition of athletes after intensive training
    4. Da state of sustained partial muscular contraction that is vital for the health of muscles
    5. Ethe result of increased neuromuscular system coordination and increased metabolic rate

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Lecture 1 Anatomy & Physiology - BIO 231 Test sobre Chapter 11 - Muscle Tissue, creado por Rachel Emery el 27/02/2020.

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