Test
Biomaterials
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Preguntas del test (175)
1All water base materials lose their gloss at the time of _____
- ASetting
- BMixing
2Physical Properties events that do not involve changes in composition or ______ bonds. Weight - gravitational force that attracts a body . Mass resistance of a body to acceleration (or being moved).
Volume - defined region in 3 dimensional shape. Density a body of weight per unit of volume.- APrimary
- BSecondary
3Thermal properties linear coefficient of thermal expansion. When the thermal expansion of restorative lateral does not match the tooth structure , percolation of fluids occurs at the margins during cyclic heating and ____.
- Acooling
- Bhealing
4Thermal conductivity , Insulators transmit heat poorly (ex. dental enamel , dental cements,)
Conductors transmit heat easily ( ex dental amalgam , ceramic resonation)
Teeth with metal restoration may have cold and hot sensitive because they are ____ thermal conduction- ABad
- BGood
5Secondary Chemical bonds Types
(1) Hydrogen bonding - when hydrogen is attached to an electronegative element ; and is found in Most ___based liquids
(2) Van Der Waals Forces- AWater
- BSolid
6Dental Amalgam is load bearing restorations for posterior teeth (class 1 and Class 2 )
Amalgam alloy = copper/zinc or power particle of silver tin
Amalgam - reaction product of any material with ____- Amercery
- BSilver
7Excessive creep occurs during the Ag-Hg phase of incorrectly mixed amalgams and contributes to early marginal fracture
Marginal fracture is created with creep and electrochemical corrosion in ___ copper amalgams- ALow
- Bhigh
8Microfill and nano fill composites develop smoothest finish because of the _____ size of filler particles
- ALarge
- BSmall
9When using bonding agents it is important to use Etching or conditioning for the smear layer removal and production of micro spaces for micro mechanical bonding by dissolving minor amounts of surface hydroxyapatite crystals.
What total etch (or etch and rinse) should be used?- APhosphoric acid
- BBase Acids
10Bonding agents Structures systems.
Conditioning agents are mineral (10% to40% phosphoric acids) , organic acid (Polyacrylic acid) or acidic acrylic monomer (phosphonate)
Priming agent is resin and monomer in alcohol , acetone or _______.- AWater
- Bacid
11Bonding occurs primarily by intimate micro mechanical retention , with the relief created by the ______ step .
- AConditioning
- BPolishing
12Calcium Hydroxide (CH) liners - is self cured and light cured versions that stimulate reparative dentin.
Bio ceramic promotes remineralization.
Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) relieves pain by ?- ADesensitizing Nerves
- BKilling the Nerve
13Cement bases are much more compressive strength than those of luting cements
Cement Bases are much more resistant to dissolution than cement ______.- ALiners
- BPowder
14Light cured RMGI cements are the strongest of the Cement Bases
____ cements are the weakest of the Cement Bases- AZOE
- BPC
15Class V Restorations for geriatric dentistry GI and RMGIs are used.
Class I and II restorations RMGIs and compomers are used in pediatric dentistry. ART used in underserved regions in the world
Class III restorations RMGIs and ________ are used .- ACompomers
- BGI
16Glass ionomer reaction (acid base reaction of poly acid and ions released from aluminosilicate glass particles ).
Compressive strength of resin modified systems and compomers is much better than of conventional glass ionomers but not strong as that of ___________- AComposites
- BFluoride
17Dentin is abraded five to six times faster than enamel.
Products with pumice and quartz enable more efficient cleansing but also generate greater abrasion of enamel and dentin
Coarse ____ is the most abrasive.- APumice
- BZinc
18Whitening agents are external or internal. External are applied to the tooth surface.
Internal is applied inside the _____ tooth.
In office - applied professionally
At home dispensed by the dentist or obtained over the counter (OTC) and applied by the patient.- APulp
- BPulp less
19In office whitening agents use light, heat or both to activate high concentration (up to 30% to __% ) hydrogen peroxide gel or paste but little evidence that light or heat provides any benefit.
- A39%
- B80%
20At home systems typically use a ____% carbamide peroxide (equivalent to 3.4 hydrogen peroxide) or higher (15% to 20% carbiamide peroxide) concentration that is applied in a custom fitted tray at home.
- A10%
- B40%
21Tetracycline stained teeth whiten very slowly or not at all.
Yellow colored teeth bleach more faster than do ____ colored teeth- AGray
- BGreen
22Polymeric cements (typically precaupsultated or paste paste ) - poucaroxylate (PC) glass ionomer (GI) resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) resin or composite (CC) and universal Cement (UC)
PC and ___are most resistant to micro leakage
Eugenol base cements produce obtundent (pain soothing) effects- AGI
- BZOE
23Dental implants
Endosseous is into the bone represents more than 90% of all current types
Sub periosteal below the ________ but above the bone second most frequent used type
Metallic - titanium stainless steel and chromium cobalt most used product.- APeriosteum
- BBone
24Dental Implants bioactive surface retention by osseo-integration integration of bone with implant most favored type of attachment. Ossointeration will be competed within ___ weeks
- A8
- B2
25Tissue engineered replacement - rebuilding tissue in the laboratory to be implanted or causing the body to rebuild the tissue artificially in situ , this can potentially solve transplant availability problem.
What type of graft is the best chance of clinical success- AAutografts
- BAllografts
26Types of desensitizing treatments no sable agent or form is effective for all periods. Polymerizing agents such as Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) is used in cervical abrasion and abfraction ; the sensitive are is etched with ___% citric acid , rinsed with water and dried before application of GIC.
- A50%
- B10%
27Adhesive resin primers are a polymerizing agent for desensitizing treatment - it reduces dentin permeability by occluding open tubules ; the material is rubbed on the sensitive area for approximately ___ seconds and air dried
- A30 seconds
- B10 seconds
28Iontophoretic Devices -technique sensitive - Iontophoresis is the application of an electrical current to impregnate tissue with ions from dissolved salts.
Fluoride iontophoresis is thought to result in the increased uptake and penetration of fluoride ions into ____- ADentin
- BEnamel
29Self care regimens - effective plaque biofilm control are important in gaining and maintaining control of hypersensitivity , minimize aggressive brushing is critical.
Specially formulated toothpaste containing -___% potassium nitrate to desensitize the nerve are often combined with fluoride which promotes remineralization- A5%
- B2%
30Laser Doppler Flowmetry is a noninvasive , painless it measures pulpal blood flow through assessment of the vascular supply by the passage of light through a tooth . Useful in ____ whose responses are usually unreliable.
Studies has shown that blood circulation is the most accurate determinant in assessing pulp vitality.
Laser Doppler flowmetry is more reliable at identifying vital and nonvital teeth earlier than other pulp vitality test- AAdults
- BYoung Children
31The electrical pulp tester (aka Vitalometer) and digital pulp tester use graduation of electrical current to excite a response in pulpal tissue and thus assess responses to stimulus.
All testers have rheostats with a scale (1-10) that indicates the relative amount of current being applied ; digital pulp testers provide a digital reading. Are electrical pulp test safe for patients with cardiac devices- AYes
- BNo
32When doing a electrical pulp test place the tip on the sound tooth structure within the middle third of the crown for a single rooted tooth and within the middle third of each cusp for a multi rooted tooth , a chip resting on the clients lip and attached to a hand piece is necessary to create a closed elcecrial circuit and to activate the tester.
How many reading should be taken for each tooth- A2
- B6
33In Thermal Testing employs a hot or cold stimulus to test for pulpal response.
____ test is used most often
The heat test useful when an unidentified tooth is heat sensitive- AHot
- BCold
34Small Diameter handles with smooth or flat texture , decrease the user's control and increase muscle fatigue
____ Diameter handles are lightweight and have bumpy texture maximize the user's control and reduce muscle fatigue.- ALarge
- BExtra Small
35Handle is the part of the periodontal instrument that the clinician holds
_____ connects the working end with the handle usually bent in one or more places to facilitate placement of the working end against the tooth surface- AShank
- BWorking End
36Working End is the part of the dental instrument that contacts the tooth or soft tissue to perform the work of the instrument ; begins where the instrument stand ends and instrument may have one or two working ends
Instrument balance has working ends that are aligned with long axis of the ____- ATooth
- BHandle
37The intramural fulcrum is considered the most desirable because it provides the greatest stability and strength for calculus removal.
Fulcrum is the point of support on which the clinician rest the hand ; used to stabilize the clinician's hand during instrumentation ; the pad of the _____finger serves as the fulcrum finger to control stroke pressure and length- ARing
- BThumb
38Index finger and thumb - finger pads hold the instrument handle
____finger the side of the finger pad rests on the instrument's shank the clinician's fingers should be able to feel the vibrations in the instruments skank as the working end encounters roughness on the tooth.- AMiddle
- BRing
39The ____ finger - fingertip rests on a stable surface usually the occlusal or incisal tooth surface which stabilizes the hand for control and strength.
- ARing
- BThumb
40In normal tissue in probing the junctional epithelium offers more resistance , probing is stopped by the coronal portion of the junctional epithelium
Gingivitis and Early periodontitis - the junctional epithelium officer less resistance the probe tip passes further into the junctional epithelium
Advanced Periodontitis - the junctional epithelium offers little to no resistance ; the pride tip may penetrate the junctional epithelium to reach the attached ______ tissue fibers
- AConnective
- BHealthy
41Stroke length should be ____ , powerful stroke for calculus removal , Longer lighter stroke for removal of residual calculus deposits and biofilm.
Strokes should overlap to ensure complete coverage , long rises of calculus are treated in sections in overlapping scaling zones- ALong
- BShort
42Large calculus deposits should be removed i sections with a series of ____ , firm strokes
A calculus despot should not be removed in layers because removing the outermost layer will leave the deposit with a smooth surface- AShort
- BLong
43Assessment strokes are used to evaluate a sub gingival root surface or the health of periodontal tissue , used with probes , exposures and turrets Angulation is 50 to 70 degrees. Lateral pressure. in contact with the tooth surface ____ pressure many strokes used to cover tooth
- ALight
- BHard
44Work Strokes for calculus removal used with hand activated sickle scalers , curets and files agnation is 70 to 80 degrees. Lateral pressure - moderate to firm , powerful strokes , _____ in length. Number of strokes should be limited to the areas where needed
- ALong
- BShort
45Working strokes for removal of residual calculus deposits and biofilm removal. Uses with hand activated curets angulation is 60 to 70 degrees lateral pressure should be light to moderate. Many strokes to cover the entire ____surface
- ARoot
- BGum
46Stroke Direction
Vertical -parallel to the long axis of the ____ : used on facial , lingual , and proximal surfaces of anterior teeth and on the mesial and distal surfaces of posterior teeth.- ATooth
- BHand
47Stroke Direction
Oblique - Diagonal to the long axis of the tooth ; used most often on _____ and lingual surfaces- AFacial
- BDistal
48Stroke Directions
Horizontal - Perpendicular to the long axis of the ____ ; used at the line angles of posterior teeth ,furcation crotch areas and within pockets that are too narrow to allow vertical or oblique strokes.- ATooth
- BBone
49Stroke Direction
Multi-Directional - a combination of vertical , oblique and horizontal strokes one by one used in succession on of a ___gingival tooth surface- ASub gingival
- BSupra gingival
50Each instrumentation zone is only as wide as the toe -_____ of the cutting edge
Deposits are removed in each zone , from the junctional epithelium to the gingival margin , before progressing to the next zone.- AToe-Third
- BToe- Half
51Probe Design
The probe must be clearly and accurately mark and easy to read the hygiene must be able to read the calibration pattern
A thinner probe causes less distention of the sulcus or the pocket wall use a probe no larger than ___ mm in diameter- A0.5
- B2.5
52Gingival recession is the movement of the gingival margin from its normal position , slightly ____ to the cemento- enamel junction (CEJ) , leading to exposure of a portion of the tooth surface to the oral cavity
Gingival recession indicates the apical migration of the junctional epithelium.- ACoronal
- Bapical
53Measuring clinical attachment levels (CALs) - the position of the attached tissue at the base of the sulcus or the pocket as measured from a fixed point usually the CEJ
____ measurement are made then calculated (1) probing depth (2) the distance from the CEJ to the gingival margin- ATwo
- BFour
54Most common location fro supra gingival calculus - most common locations include the lingual surfaces of mandibular anterior teeth , facial surfaces of maxillary molars , teeth our of occlusion or overlapping teeth.
The surface of calculus is ____ and is covered by a layer of plaque biofilm
Above the gingival margin , localized , usually not generalized through the mouth- ARough
- BSmooth
55Sub gingival calculus is located apical to (beneath) the gingival margin . May be localized or generalized heaviest on the proximal surfaces.
Extends along the root surface almost to the base of the pocket the _____ less calcified calculus is at the most apical area near the soft tissue attachment- ANewest
- BOldest
56Attachment to acquired pellicle (thin acellular layer on tooth surface) - ___common mode of calculus attachment to enamel; calculus may be removed readily because no interlocking of calculus to the tooth exists.
Attachment by locking into minute irregularities in the tooth surface
Attachment of the calcified calculus matrix to the tooth surface by interlocking of inorganic crystals of the tooth with the mineralizing of plaque biofilm- AMost
- BLeast
57Sub gingival assessment and adaptation to locate plaque . Instrument grasp and lateral pressure . A relaxed grasp and light lateral pressure are used to enhance textile sensitivity, pressure with the middle finer against the instrument shank should be _____ because this reduces tactile sensitivity
- Aavoided
- BAlway Do
58Unnecessary supra gingival exploration should be ______, adequate light confined with the use of a dental mirror and compressed air will reveal most supra gingival deposit.
- Aavoided
- Bused
59End Point of Instrumentation
The goal of instrumentation is to render the root surface and pocket space acceptable to tissue so that healing occurs
Tissue healing occurs ______, and it is not possible to assess tissue reposes for at least 1 month after completion of instrumentation- ASlowly
- BFast
60Most sickle scalars have pointed tips and backs :;
Curets have rounded toes and backs
Sickle scalers and universal curets have ___ working cutting edges per working end , area specific curets have one working cutting edge per working end- ATwo
- BOne
61the ultrasonic instrument tips are active on all surfaces.
Point - generates the ____ energy ; should not be used directly against the tooth surface
Face (concave surface) - second most powerful surface usually not recommended for use against the tooth surface
Back (convex surface) generates less energy than the face ; follow the manufactures's recommendations regarding direct use on the tooth surface
Lateral Surfaces (sides) - generates the least amount of energy ; may be used directly against the tooth surface ; adaptation of lateral surface is recommended for calculus removal and deplaquing- AMost
- BLeast
62When using a ultrasonic instrument only dull tips are recommended sharpened tips emit high energy levels that could damage the tooth.
Lateral pressure - tip function ___ effectively with light lateral pressure against the tooth or calculus deposit , moderate or fit lateral pressure decreases or even stops the vibration of the tip.- AMost
- Bleast
63Tip wear on a untrasonic instrument 1 mm of wear results in approximately 25% loss of efficiency ; tips should be discarded at 2 mm of wear
Precision ____ tips must be replaced more frequently than standard tips.- AThin
- BThick
64When using ultrasonic instruments biofilm control in water tubing by flushing the water tubing of stagnant water for __ minutes at the start of the day and for 30 seconds between clients ; use units with an independent fluid reservoir or waterline point of use filter or both
- A2 minutes
- B5 mintures
65Tip selection for ultra sonic instruments
Broad , Standard tip for removal of heavy / medium supragingival calculus
Medium size standard tips for moderate & light supra gingival use , also may be used sub gingival if the tissue permits easy insertion of tip
Slim Diameter tips for removal of ____deposits and deplaquing- ALight
- BHeavy
66When using a ultra sonic tip use an advanced fulcrum techniques may be helpful for gaining access to posterior pockets
Lateral pressure use light strokes pressure for effect calculus removal
Activation - use digital activation as recommended
Use water spray around instrument tip to create __ mist or halo effect- AHeavy
- BLight
67A ultra sonic tip should adaptation to the tooth surface should be positioned the tip with the pint directed _____the junctional epithelium and the length of the tip at a 0-15 degree angel to the tooth surface ; never apply the point of the tip directly to the tooth surface
Adaptation to a calculus deposit - place the tip directly against the uppermost or outermost edge of the calculus deposit ; the lateral surface of tip may also be adapted to a calculus deposit- AToward
- Baway from
68When removing calculus with a ultra sonic instrument work in a coronal to apical direction beginning at the gingival margin and working toward the junctional epithelium ( this is the reverse of the sequence calculus removal with a curet)
Stubborn deposits - move tip repeatedly over the deposit or tap against it : keep the tip ____- AMoving
- BStill
69___ instruments are used most often in assessment of implants because it is softer than the implant material
Wrench shaped , crescent shaped and hoe shaped working ends are useful for instrumentation of an implant's superstructure- APlastic
- BMetal
70Peri implant probing depths are related to the thickness of the mucosa around the implant ; deeper probing depths are found in conjunction with a thicker mucosa.
Probing depths and CAL are important in the health of implants
Radiographs are ____ accurate than probing depths fro detecting the absence or presence of bone loss around implant- AMore
- BLess
71Calculus is removed ___ from implants because no interlocking or penetration of he deposit exists within the implant surface
Light lateral pressure with a plastic scalar or curet is recommended
Instrumentation should be restricted to supra gingival deposit removal- AEasy
- BHard
72People that have a no sodium diet or history of hypertension ______ use air polishing with sodium containing powder , air polishing can be used with one of the newer sodium free polishing powder products, such as those composed of aluminum trihydroxide or calcium carbonate
- ADon't Use
- BAlways
73Pain - sensation of discomfort resulting from the stimulation of specialized nerve endings called nociceptors (free nerve endings)
Pain perception - process where by the sensation of pain is transmitted from the periphery to the ____ nervous system- ACentral
- BPeripheral
74Pain perception Bipolar nerve cells - transmits dental pain perception
Sensory neuron characteristics include - cell body , Nucleus , Axons (fiber , processors) and Free nerve endings (nociceptors)
A Fiber - ___ conduction of pain
C Fibers - Slow conduction- ARapid
- BSlow
75A nerve trunk is an extremely large bundle of nerve fibers or axons a ganglion is the site where cell bodies are_______
Membrane potential - the difference in the electrical charge across the never membrane- ABundled
- BSplit
76Ions essential to nerve conduction are Potassium (K) ions (predominately intracellular) &
Sodium (Na) ions (predominately extracellular)
Sodium -potassium pump ; resting state ________ (unstimulated)- APolarized
- BNon Polarized
77Minimal threshold timbals is the magnitude of the stimulus required to initiate a nerve impulse
Stimulus - an environmental change that can be chemical , thermal , mechanical or electrical in nature
All or none law - either the nerve fibers are strongly as possible or it does not fire at all
Infux of ____ enter the cell and (efflux) of K diffuses to the outside of the cell- ANa
- BK
78Pain intensity determined by
- Number of fibers stimulated -depends on 1- Anatomy of the area , 2- Dimensions of the area being stimulated
- Frequency of excitation - depends on ______of the stimulus- ADuration
- BSize
79Pain reaction - determined by a person's pain reaction threshold
_____ pain reaction threshold produce hypo reactive behavior
Low pain reaction threshold produce hyper reactive behavior- ALow
- BHigh
80Gauge - the diameter of the lumen is indicated by a number
The larger the gauge number the ______ the lumen diameter
The 25- 27, 30 ga needles are the most common in dentistry- ALarger
- BSmaller
81Piston Rod - connects the harpoon to the ____ ring , can be advanced to expel the solution or retracted to aspirate
- AThumb
- BPointer
82____ are no longer used because of their potential causing allergic reaction
Cross reactivity occurs with easters thus if a patient is allergic to one ester an allergic reaction will occur with all other esters- AEsters
- BAmides
83Local anesthetics prevent cell membrane permeability to sodium
Solution in cartridge is predominantly acidic (pH 3.3 -6)
Smaller , nonmyelinated fibers (C fibers) are the first to be blocked ; however sensation is regained ____ in these fibers- ALast
- BFirst
84Potency is the lowest concentration of drug needed to consistently produce adequate anesthesia.
Potency is related directly to lipid solubility
If a local anesthetic drug is highly potent lower concentrations are effective in achieving adequate anesthesia. Greater potency also equals ______ chance of systemic toxicity- AGreater
- BLesser
85Toxicity is the amount of drug capable of causing adverse systemic reaction in normal persons ; adverse reaction occur when the rate of drug absorbed is greater than the rate of biotransformation , the body's ability to metabolize the drug
True toxic reactions occur immediately - the most profound effect of toxic reaction are on the ____ nervous system and the cardiovascular system- ACentral
- BPeripheral
86What is the primary cause of death related to Toxicity when patient is given local anesthetic agents ?
- ARespiratory Failure
- BStroke
87Biotransformation (Metabolism) of Local anesthetic is the process whereby the drug is broken down changed or combined with other substances to render it physiologically inactive.
Amides are metabolized in the ___ ; history of cirrhosis alcoholism , liver disease or liver transplant and jaundice may affect the rate of metabolism- ALiver
- BMouth
88Lidocaine , Mepivacaine , and Bupivacaine are metabolized by the ____.
Prilocaine is metabolized in the liver and lungs
Articaine is metabolized 95% in the plasma and 5% in the liver- ALiver
- BPlasma
89The purpose of topical anesthetic is to limit the discomfort from injection through the mucosa.
Except for Lidocaine 5% (Xylocaine ) , all other topical anesthetics are ____- AEsters
- BAmides
90Lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel (Oraqix) is an ____ , used in adults who require limited pain control during root detriment in periodontal pockets.
Cetacaine - a combination of benzocaine , butamben , and tetracaine hydrochloride - is an ester topical used in adult who require preinjection (available in a spray , liquid or gel form)- AAmide
- BEaster
91Vasoconstircitors are combined with local anesthetic to counteract the vasodilation prosperities of local anesthetics
All vasoconstrictors can be referred to as adrenergic drugs or sympathomimetic amines
Adrenergic Drug are capable of producing the same effects as this of _____- AAdrenalin
- BAdvil
92Sympathomimetic Amine - mimics the sympathetic nervous system and contains an amine group within its chemical structure ; which is characteristic of vasoconstrictors
____ Vasoconstrictors can be produced synthetically
Two naturally occurring vasoconstrictors , epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced in the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers- AALL
- BNONE
93Mode of action for Vasoconstricors are stimulate ___- adrenergic receptors located in the walls of arterioles
A-Adrenergic receptors - responsible for arterial constriction
B-Adrenergic receptors - responsible for dilation- AAlpha
- Bbeta
94Epinephrine is the most potent vasoconstrictor , pressure potency value = ____
- A1
- B1/6
95Vasocostricors added to solution is unstable ; preservative such as sodium bisulfite is added to prevent ______
- AOxidation
- BReddness
96Toxicity resulting form vasoconstrictor overdose is caused by constrict of blood vessels , which raises blood pressure and cardiac rate form ___- adrenergic receptor stimulation
- AB
- BD
97Supraperiosteal injection or local infiltration - anesthetizes ____areas usually one or two teeth and associated structures by infection near apices
Increase effectiveness in maxillary arch more than mandibular arch and mandibular anterior teeth than mandibular posterior teeth- ASmall
- BLarge
98When doing a Supraperiosteal injection or local infiltration the injection site needle should be inserted parallel to long axis of tooth usually the height (or depth) of muco buccal for or lingual tissue with bevel orientation of needle toward alveolar process.
Nerve Block usually affects ____area of anesthesia that supraperiosteal injection and thus additional teeth- ALarger
- BSmaller
99Maxillary Nerve Innervation V2 branches within Pterygopalatine fossa
1. Zygomatic nerve - fibers for ____ gland via lacrimal nerve : Zygomaticofiacial Never : Zygomaticotemporal Nerve
2. Pterygoplatine Nerves : Orbital Branches , : Nasal Branches : Palatine Branches
- ALacrimal
- BApex
100V2 is the maxillary nerve innervation. Pterygopalatine nerves are Orbital Branches , Nasal Branches the including nasoplatine (NP) nerve ( important for local anatheisa) - ____ right and left nerves via incisive foramen( with incisive papilla) &
Palatine Branches communication between nerves at junctional of distribution- ABoth
- BOnly Right
101The Palatine Branches part of the pterygoplatine nerves within the ptergopalitine fossa of the ____ (Maxillary) Branches
Palatine branches - communication between nerves at junctions of distribution
(1) - Greater Palatine (GP) - verve (relevant branch for local anesthesia) Via - GP foramen
(2) Lesser Palatine nerve - via LP foramen ; possible gag reflex by default when soft palate anesthetized with GP nerve.
- AV2
- Bv4
102Posterior superior Alveolar (PSA) nerve via superior dental plexus join with IO nerve or maxillary nerve
: External Branch - innervation of ______ molars
: Internal Branch - vis PSA foramina- AMaxillary
- BMandibular
103Infraorbital (IO) nerve - ______ contributor via IO foramen ; joins PSA nerve or maxillary nere directly
: Anterior Superior Alveolar (ASA) nerve - via superior dental plexus ; possible involved in crossover innervation joins with IO nerve in IO canal
: Middle Superior Alveolar (MSA) nerve - via superior dental plexus in only 28% of cases ; joins with IO Verve in IO canal- ALargest
- BSmallest
104Infraorbital (IO) nerve - ____ contributor via IO foramen joins PSA nerve or maxillary nerve directly
: Anterior Superior Alveolar (ASA)
: Middle Superior Alveolar (MSA)
: Lateral Nasal Nerve
: Superior Labial Nerve
& : Inferior Palpebral Nerve- ALargest
- BSmallest
105Mandibular Nerve Innervation V3 branches from undivided main nerve trunk within infra temporal fossa
1. Meningeal Branches (______)
2.Medial Pterygoid Nerver (motor)- ASensory
- BMotor
106V3 (Mandibular) Branches from divided verve trunk
- Lateral Pterygoid Never (motor)
- Masseter Nerver (motor)
- Anterior Deep Temporal Nerve (motor)
- Posterior (deep Temporal Nerve (motor)
- (Long) buccal nerve (sensory ) relevant branch for local anesthesia - _______ Sever Buccinator Muscle- ADoes NOT
- BDoes
107Posterior Trunk of the V3 branch made of
Auriculotempooral Nerve (sensor) anesthetized with IA nerve
Lingual Nerve (sensory) - can be damaged with oral surgery and local anesthesia
Inferior Alveolar Nerve (______) travels in mandibular canal via mandibluar foramen ,- AMixed
- BSensory
108V3 Mandibular Nerve Innervation branches from undivided main nerve trunk within infra temporal fossa
Meningeal Branches (sensory)
Medial Pterygoid Nerve (____)- ABoth
- BMotor
109Nitrous Oxide acts on the CNS in such a way that pain impulses are not relayed to the cerebral cortex or the interpretation of pain impulses is altered.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is in ______ colored cylinder and delivered as a gas- ABlue
- BGreen
110Oxygen stored as a gas in a ___ colored cylinder and delivered as a gas.
Contents of the O2 cylinder can be determined by reading the pressure gauge
Contest in the N2O cylinder cannot be determined by the pressure gauge until it is almost empty- AGreen
- BBlue
111N2O has no effect on heart rate, blood pressure and the liver or the kidneys as long as an adequate amount of O2 is delivered simultaneously.
N2O affects _____ sensations example of hearing , touch , pain , warmth- ANone
- BAll
112When using N2O pain perception is not blocked. N2O does not combine with any body tissue it is the only anesthetic that is not metabolized.
The patient experiences reduced anxiety and ____ tolerance to pain- AIncreased
- BDecrease
113N2O molecule enters the bloodstream through the lungs, where it displaces nitrogen and is eventually exhaled , unchanged , through the lungs.
Toxic reaction associated with too much N2O in hypoxia (lack O2 to the tissues) , characterized by headache and ____ .- ANausea
- BPain
114There are 4 stages of Anesthesia
What stage is defined as the client fees pain but is not bothered by it; this stage has 3 planes, the first two planes are appropriate for dental hygiene care.- AStage I
- BStage 2
115There are 4 stages of Anesthesia
What stage is defined as being used in oral and maxillary facial surgery this stage has 4 planes- AStage 4
- BStage 3
116The most common disabilities in the United States are caused by cardiovascular disease stroke (CVA) , obesity arthritis , cancer and diabetes.
The prevalence of disability _____ with age
Of individuals with developmental disabilities , 80% live in community based residences or at home with family- AIncreases
- BDecrease
117Minimum standards for accessibility must be met by dentists according to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1993
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires the public and private dental offices serve persons with- Adisabilities
- BNo income
118The ____ common developmental disability is subaverage intellectual functioning originating during the developmental period and associated with impairment in adaptive behavior Formally known as mental retardation
- AMost
- BLeast
119Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency , dysmorphic facial features and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction.
Leading know preventable cause of mental impairment and birth defect in US
Severity of fetal alcohol effects is ____ dependent- ADose
- Btime
120In Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) , Alcohol affects the cell membrane and cell migration , thus altering the organization of embryonic tissue
The fetal brain is the most susceptible during the ___ trimester- AThird
- BFirst
121Down Syndrome is a mental or intellectual disorder
Associated with an anomaly of chromosome ___ (trisomy 21) in all or some body cells.
Most Common chromosomal abnormality.- A21
- B55
122Down Syndrome abnormal craniofacial features include small brachycephalic skull , round flat facies , small nasomaxillary complex , ocular hypotelorism (eye closer together than normal)
___ susceptible to infection because of poor immune response- ALess
- BMore
123In Down Syndrome oral manifestation is relative mandibular prognathism as a result of a ____ nasomaxillary complex
Open mouth posture with a protrusive , fissured tongue
Hyperplasia of the adenoid and tonsils- ASmall
- BLarge
124In patients with Down Syndrome Malocclusion - anterior open bite or cross bite , posterior cross bite , malocclusion is _____
Patient may also have a high palatal vault- ACommon
- BUncommon
125Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) - is five times more common in ___
Appears during the first 3 years of life- ABoys
- BGirls
126Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental and behavior disorder. relates primarily to vision , hearing , language , attention and touch
One of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of childhood and occurs in 11% of school age children 4 to 7 years old
More common in ___- ABoys
- BGirls
127Emotional Disturbance and Mental Illness is the ____ cause of disability in the United States.
3 common classes
- Psychoneuroses - anxiety , depressive , obsessive or conversion reactions
- Personality Disorders - situational or adjustment reactions
- Psychoses - schizophrenia- ALeading
- BUn common
128Anorexia Nervosa - is a psychophyrisolgic condition characterized by suppression and denial of sensation of hunger
Consumption of only 300- 600 calories per day is common
Often comes from ____ to __ class families- AMiddle to upper class
- BLow to middle class
129Anorexia Bulimia is a syndrome involving episodic binge eating and purging
Purging involves self induced vomiting and use of laxatives , diuretics or enemas
Often occurs after failed attempts to____ weight .- ALose
- BGain
130Most common age group for Eating Disorders are 12- 35
Parotid gland swelling and xerostomia
Burning sensation in the tongue
_____ blood pressure , body temperature and pulse- ALowered
- BHigher
131Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive irreversible brain disorder characterized by intellectual and cognitive disturbance, behavioral changes and eventually a state of complete dependence
3 types
- Early onset - diagnosis before age ___
- Late onset occurs after age 65
- Familial - entirely inherited onset often in the 40s- A65
- B10
132Seizure Disorder is not a disease
Seizure an episode of cerebral dysfunction produced by abnormal excessive neuronal discharge , not necessarily a recurring condition
Status Epilepticus is continuous convulsion lasting longer than ___ minutes- A5 mintures
- B2 mintures
133Generalized tonic clonic (grand mal) seizure patients may have aura , loss of consciousness , interruption of respiration and dilation of pupils , loss of bladder or bowel control
Seizure activity usually last ____- A5-10 seconds
- B1-3 minutes
134Generalized absence (petit mal) - transient loss of consciousness , may have minor motor movement of the eyes , head or extremities
Last _____
Person may not be aware of having had a seizure- A5-30 seconds
- B5-10 minutes
135Patient that have Seizures drug induced gingival enlargement from phenytoin
More marked in ____ regions and facial surfaces
Does not occur in edentulous areas
Aesthetic concerns caused by gingival enlargement- AAnterior
- BDistal
136Leading cause of vision los in those 25-74 years old is diabetic retinopathy
Macular degeneration (loss of central vision)
Retinitis pigmentosa - ____ blindness and loss of peripheral vision- ADay
- BNight
137Visual Impairment
- Glaucoma - is the failure of liquid in the eye to drain , resulting in increased pressure , pain and destruction of the ___ nerve- AOptic
- BThyroid
138Hearing Impairment is associated with a number of other disabling conditions
____% cleft palate
70% down syndrome
20% cerebral palsy- A90%
- B50%
139What supplement for the mother during pregnancy may reduce risk?
- AFolic acid
- BVitamin D
140Cleft lip more common in ___ , Cleft plate more common in females
Genetic in most cases
Cleft lip occurs during gestational weeks 4 to 7
Cleft palate occurs during gestational week 8 to 12- AMales
- BFemale
141Bell's Palsy is defined by the paralysis of facial muscles that are innervated by cranial nerve ___ (Facial Nerve)
After Age 50 more common in males
Eye Lids will not else , speech and chewing are difficult- AVII
- BXI
142Bronchial Asthma is a chronic clinical state of the tracheobronchial tree characterized by recurrent paroxysms of dyspnea and wheezing
Oral manifestations __ Adrenergic agonists may impair salivary secretions increasing caries risk , mouth breathing , Candida infections from inhalants use- AA - Adrenergic
- BB - Adrenergic
143Congenital Heart Disease is anomalies of heart structure and usually develops during the first 9 weeks in utero ___ color mucosa if cyanotic , ruddy color if persons has polycythemia
May have decreased ability to fight oral infection and bleeding problems- ABluish
- BGreen
144Bradycardias is slowed heart rate less than 60 beats/min &
Tachycardias increased heart rate (more than ___ beats/min
Isolated ectopic beats - premature impulses resulting ini premature atrial beats
May have side effects because of medications , ex xerostomia , taste changes , or cyanotic oral tissues.- A100
- B130
145Hypertensive Heart Disease elevation of the blood pressure , make increased workload for the heart resulting in ___ ventricular hypertrophy and in late stage kidney disease
Prevalence increase with age and is greater in men before age 55 and in women after age 55- ALeft
- BFront
146Ischemic Heart Disease (Coronary Heart Disease) is the leading cause of death after age 40 increase with age more that 50% who die suddenly have___ previous evidence of disease.
Risk factors are the same as for hypertensive disease- ANO
- BMany
147Myocardial infarction (MI) - an infarct or ischemic necrosis caused by a sudden reduction or arrest of blood flow.
Pain i the sternum , radiating to the ___ arm last longer than angina
NOT relieved by nitroglycerin- ALeft
- BRight
148Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - represents a symptom complex that involves the failure of one or both vertical (usually the ___ ventricle)
This is the most common cause of death in the United States- ALeft
- BRight
149Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA, Stroke) is a sudden loss of brain function resulting from interference with the blood supply to a portion of the brain
Third leading cause of death in the USA leading cause of serous disability
_______ Americans are greater risk of Caucasians- AAfrican American
- BAsian American
150Sickle Cell Disease is the defect of hemoglobin that cause red blood cells to become sickle shaped . Sickle cell trait show no symptoms unless showing low concentration of oxygen. Found in African Americans and other non white persons
Babies do not show symptoms until age ___ months- A6
- B12
151In patient with Sickle Cell Disease young children can develop enlarged spleen , septicemia and meningitis
Oral manifestation show red tongue.
___ degenerates as a result of repeated sickling- ABones
- BBlood
152Patients with Sickle Cell Disease oral manifestations are loss of taste , sore , painful , red tongue , delayed tooth eruption
Decreased radio density (ground ______ appearance with coarse trabecular bone pattern and large marrow spaces- ABlack
- BGlass
153Cancer is when cells that multiply at an abnormally rapid rate invading and destroying healthy tissue
Metastasis is the spread of cancer to distinct sites
Invasion is the spread of cancer to ____ sites- ALocal
- BNo
154Cancer is when cells that multiply at an abnormally rapid rat invading and destroying healthy tissue
Approximately 75% of all head and neck cancers begin in the oral cavity
the tongue is the __ common intra oral location (30% )- AMost
- BLeast
155Waring signs of oral cancer in patient are unexplained swelling , lumps growth with or without pain
White clay patches or red area
Any sore that does not heal in __ weeks- A2
- B6
156Leukemia is the progressive malignant neoplasms characterized by an overproduction of abnormal leukocytes
Abnormal leukocytes displace hematopoietic tissue in the __ marrow , leading to decreased production of platelets, erythrocytes , and normal leukocytes- ABone
- BTissue
157Leukemia Classifications
- Acute Form (A) - large numbers of immature nonspecific leukocytes are produced ; accounts for 25% MORE cases than the chronic form
- ______ form (C) - leukocytes are well differentiated and able to mature , but immunology capacity is deceased- AChronic Form (C)
- BDecided
158Leukemia is the se seventh leading cause of cancer death in adults ; and is the leading cause of cancer death in ______
5 year survival rate is approximately 46%- AChildren
- BTeens
159In Initial Leukemia patients oral manifestations can include pain in teeth , enlarged , bluish red , song y, blunted papilla , Ulceration and necrosis
Areas of spontaneous hemorrhage and petechiae
Loss of lamina dura , respiration of ___ bone , cancellous bone destruction- Aalveolar bone
- BEnamel
160In patients with Leukemia type_____ (treatment effects ) pain oral ulcerations stomatitis , Xerostomia jaw pain with Bell's Palsy , Secondary infections
- ATertiary
- BSecondary
161Hemophilias are congenital disorder of the blood clotting mechanism
Hemophilia ___ account for 80-85%
hemophilia B for 10-15 %
90% of patients are under age 25 more affected are men
- AA
- BC
162Diabetes Mellitus is the third leading cause of death in the United States , much __ in Hispanic Americans and Native Americans
- AMore
- BLess
163Diabetes Mellitus
- Type 1 is insulin dependent
- Type 2 - non insulin dependent (92% ) of cases
_______ - is impaired glucose tolerance , higher than normal levels but not yet diagnostic for diabetes , at risk for atherosclerotic disease- APre Diabetes
- BPost - Diabetes
164Hypoglycemia - is an overdose of insulin or inadequate glucose intake to balance the insulin intake can result in insulin shock
Cardinal symptoms are those associated with hyperglycemia
Oral manifestations are more often seen in patients with _____ diabetes- AUncontrolled
- BControlled
165In Diabetes patient uncontrolled oral manifestations can be seen such as edematous glassy tissue , enlarged papilla , mobility , alveolar bone loss
Periodontitis can make blood glucose levels ____ difficult to control
Poor glucose control greatly increase risk for periodontal breakdown , bone loss , loss of attachment- AMore
- BLess
166Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) - excess of thyroid hormones in the blood stream
Graves Disease - is a tie of hyperthyroidism ; toxic goiter
Hyperthyroidism disease is seven times __ common in women ; especially manifested during puberty pregnancy or menopause- AMore
- BLess
167Hypothyroidism - is inadequate thyroid hormones in the bloodstream
Cretinism - ____ onset ( congenital)
Myxedema - adult onset (acquired) , more common in women most common between age 30-60- AChildhood
- BOlder adults
168Thyroid Disease is either the underproduction or overproduction of thyroid hormone
Oral manifestations - primarily delayed or accelerated dental development or deterioration of _____ bone- AAlveolar
- BJoint
169Nitrous Oxide and prescription drug abuse in of most concern to dental professionals
Withdrawal symptoms reported for all drug categories except _____- AHallucinognes
- BAlcohol
170Chronic Alcohol Abuse is more of a problem among young adults age 18 - 29
80% are heavy smokers
Nutritional deficiencies can be Vitamin ___ , protein , calcium- AB
- BA
171In patients with chronic alcohol abuse oral manifestations increase caries caused by nausea and vomiting , xerostomia
Periodontal Disease caused by impaired immune system and the effects on ___ blood cells
More than 2 drinks per day is called alcoholic- AWhite
- BBlue
172Renal Disease is more common in caucasians
Uremia is the toxic condition produced by retention of urinary constituents in the ___
In treatment Heparin is added to prevent blood clotting in patients
Patient is at risk of Hep B , Hep C and Hep D- ABlood
- BMouth
173Patients with end stage renal disease
Kidney transplantation - problems with graft refection and infection, use steroids , antibiotics , and immunosuppressive such as cyclosporine
Painful oral ulceration and stomatitis from ___- ADrugs
- BDrinking
174Patients with end stage renal disease oral manifestations
- increased calculus deposits , Anemic mucosa
- Ground glass appearance of the alveolar bone cause by leaching of ______ (uremic bone disease)- ACalcium
- BFats
175End Stage Renal Disease oral manifestations drug influenced gingival enlargement from cyclosporine ( an immunosuppressant) or nifedipine ( a calcium channel blocker)
Schedule appointments __ hours after dialysis- A24
- B72
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Biomaterials , creado por marissa moore el 04/05/2020.
- Autor
- marissa moore
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 4
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