Test
Renal Failure
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Preguntas del test (40)
1What is the functional unit of the kidney?
- Aglomerulus
- Bnephron
- Cmedulla
- Dcortex
2Which part of the nephron is mainly responsible for regulating the concentration of urine?
- ADistal tubule
- BProximal tubule
- CLoop of Henle
- DCollecting duct
3Which hormone is required for the reabsorption of water in the collecting tubule?
- ARenin
- BAngiotensin
- CADH
- DANP
4What is the main solute that is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?
- Apotassium K
- Bsodium chloride NaCl
- Chydrogen H
- Durea
5Which hormones serve to increase blood pressure? Select all.
- Aangiotensin
- Baldosterone
- CRenin
- DADH
- Eepinephrine
- Fnorepinephrine
6What is the net outward pressure that influences glomerular filtration?
- A20 mmHg
- B10 mmHg
- C15 mmHg
- D5 mmHg
7Which hormone is produced by the nephrons?
- ARenin
- BADH
- CANP
- DEpinephrine
8Up to __% of renal function can be lost before renal failure is noticeable.
- A80%
- B75%
- C20%
- D50%
960-70% of acute renal failure is caused by which type of failure?
- APre-renal failure
- BIntra-renal failure
- CPost-renal failure
10Pre-renal failure is caused by what?
- ARenal hypo-perfusion
- BObstruction to the urinary tract
- CAcute tubular necrosis
- DGlomerulonephritis
11Check off all possible causes of post-renal failure.
- Arenal calculi
- Bureteral stricture
- Cbenign prostatic hyperplasia
- Ddehydration
- Ecardiogenic shock
- Fglomerulonephritis
- Gpyelonephritis
12Check off all possible causes of intra-renal failure.
- AAcute tubular necrosis
- Bglomerulonephritis
- Cpyelonephritis
- Dnephrotic syndrome
- Eureteral stricture
- Fcardiogenic shock
1390% of intra-renal failure is caused by which of the following?
- AAcute tubular necrosis
- BGlomerulonephritis
- CPyelonephritis
- DNephrotic syndrome
14Acute tubular necrosis (intra-renal failure) is caused by which of the following? Select all.
- AProlonged renal ischemia from pre-renal failure
- BExposure to nephrotoxic drugs
- CIntratubular obstruction (e.g. muscle trauma - release of myoglobin)
- DAn immunologic disorder causing glomerular inflammation
15Proteinuria and hematuria, two main symptoms of glomerulonephritis, are caused by what?
- AEntrapment in the glomerulus of antigen-antibody complexes produced in response to an infection
- BProlonged renal ischemia from pre-renal failure
- CNephrotoxic drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and radiologic contrast media
- DBaroreceptor-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system
16Loss of transport proteins is part of the process of nephrotic syndrome. What is the result of this loss?
- ADecreased Vitamin D and thyroxine
- BIncreased filtration of plasma proteins
- CRenal ischemia
- DIntratubular obstruction
17Pyelonephritis is caused by which of the following?
- ABacterial infection
- BNephrotoxic drugs
- CIntratubular obstruction
- DBenign prostatic hyperplasia
18Women and the elderly are at higher risk for which of the following?
- AGlomerulonephritis
- BPyelonephritis
- CAcute tubular necrosis
- DPre-renal failure
19In which stage of acute renal failure would you expect to see the following: renal flow at 25% of normal, decreased O2 saturation, decreased urine output, and increased Na in urine?
- AInitiating stage
- BOliguric-anuric stage
- CDiuretic stage
- DRecovery stage
20Does increased urine output happen early or late in the process of acute renal failure?
- AEarly
- BLate
21Select all signs and symptoms of acute uremia.
- AHypokalemia
- BIncreased BUN
- CPruritus
- DPotential anemia
- EHyperventilation
- FThrombosis
22What are the leading causes of chronic renal failure?
- ANephrotoxic drugs
- BRecurrent urinary tract infections
- CDiabetes
- DHypertension
- EGlomerulonephritis
23A patient presents with the following: mild anemia, increased BUN and serum creatinine, and nocturia. This patient is in which stage of chronic renal failure?
- AReduced renal reserve
- BRenal insufficiency
- CRenal failure
- DESRD
24Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and hyperphosphatemia are all signs of which stage of chronic renal failure?
- AReduced renal reserve
- BRenal insufficiency
- CRenal failure
- DESRD
25Renal osteodystrophies is a clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure. What is the cause of this manifestation?
- AImpaired vitamin D synthesis
- BMetabolic acidosis
- CNegative nitrogen balance due to high protein breakdown
- DDecreased platelet activity
26Are thyroid hormones low or high in chronic kidney disease?
- AHigh
- BLow
27Select all appropriate therapeutic interventions for a patient with chronic kidney disease.
- ASupplemental vitamin D
- BHigh potassium diet
- CACE inhibitors
- DDialysis
28Which symptom is common throughout ALL stages of chronic kidney disease?
- AHyperphosphatemia
- BAnemia
- CHTN
- DHyperkalemia
29Select all possible causes of decreased pH of the urine.
- ADiabetes
- BStarvation
- CUTI
- DConsumption of citrus
30Select all possible causes of a decrease in specific gravity of the urine.
- ARenal failure
- BPyelonephritis
- CDehydration
- DUTI
- EAcute tubular necrosis
- FExcessive fluid intake
31What are the normal values of urine pH?
- A4.8-8.0
- B4.0-6.0
- C2.0-3.8
- D6.0-9.0
32What are the normal ranges of specific gravity of urine?
- A4.8-8.0
- B1.025-1.032
- C1.0-2.0
- D1.020-1.045
33What is the normal range of BUN?
- A10-20 mg/dL
- B10-20 mg/mL
- C15-30 mg/dL
- D20-25 mg/mL
34What is the normal range of creatinine clearance?
- A0.7-1.5 mg/dL
- B0.8-2.0 mg/dL
- C0.7-1.0 mg/mL
- D0.5-1.5 mg/mL
35The rate of _____ clearance is directly proportional to the rate of filtration of water and solutes across the glomerular membrane.
- AInulin
- BCreatinine
- CUrea
- DSodium
36The GFR is directly related to:
- APerfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
- BDiffusion rate in the renal cortex
- CDiffusion rate in the renal medulla
- DGlomerular active transport
37What force(s) creates passive transport of water in the proximal tubule?
- APeritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure
- BPeritubular capillary oncotic and osmotic pressures
- CInterstitial hydrostatic pressure
- DInterstitial oncotic and osmotic pressures
38______ is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the kidneys.
- AErythropoietin
- BADH
- CANP
- DAldosterone
39A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with RBC casts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein. These data suggests the presence of which disorder?
- ACystitis
- BChronic pyelonephritis
- CGlomerulonephritis
- DNephrotic syndrome
40How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?
- AGlucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium, resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration.
- BWhen insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it.
- CPotassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell.
- DIncreasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen.
Información
- Descripción
- Practice quiz for renal failure.
- Autor
- Ash Lig
- Idioma
- English
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- Etiquetas
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