Test
Antibiotics
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Preguntas del test (25)
1Which of the following statements best reflects the key difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics?
- ABacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial replication, whereas bactericidal antibiotics directly kill bacteria.
- BBactericidal antibiotics allow the host immune system to combat bacteria, whereas bacteriostatc antibiotics rely less on host immunity for clearing infection.
- CBacteriostatic antibiotics are the preferred treatment for infections at sites of poor penetration.
- DBacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics are very similar and can be used interchangeably.
2The primary mechanism of action of Tetracyclines and Clindamycin is to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Therefore, both of these agents are classified as...
- Abacteriostatic
- Bbactericidal
3The primary mechanism of action for Vancomycin and penicillins is to disrupt the bacterial cell wall. Therefore, these antibiotics are...
- Abacteriostatic
- Bbactericidal
4The primary mechanism of action for Fluoroquinolones is to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis via DNA fragmentation. Therefore, this antibiotic is...
- Abactericidal
- Bbacteriostatic
5Which statement best describes the cellular wall structure of gram positive organisms?
- AA thick outer peptidoglycan layer with an inner lipid bilayer.
- BA thin outer peptidoglycan layer with an inner lipid bilayer.
- CAn outer lipid bilayer containing porins. Lipoproteins attach the outer membrane to a middle peptidoglycan layer. The inner cytoplasmic membrane is a lipid bilayer.
- DAn outer lipid bilayer. Lipoproteins attach the outer membrane to a middle peptidoglycan layer. The inner cytoplasmic membrane is a lipid bilayer that contains porins.
6Select all the factors that make gram negative bacteria more difficult to kill:
- AGram negative bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer in the cell membrane than gram positive bacteria, which makes it more difficult for antibiotics to penetrate the cell.
- BGram negative bacteria have porins embedded in the outer membrane, which can block out certain antibiotics.
- CIn fact, gram positive bacteria are more difficult to treat than gram negative.
- DGram negative bacteria have a strong outer membrane and a peptidolgycan layer protecting the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas gram positive bacteria only have peptidoglycan layers covering the cytoplasmic membrane. This makes it more difficult for antibiotics to penetrate gram negative bacteria.
- EGram negative bacteria possess exotoxins and endotoxins, whereas gram positive bacteria only possess exotoxins.
7Most bacteria are aerobic. Anaerobes are common in the bowel.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8What is the purpose of ordering a C&S test?
- ATo determine the antibiotics to which the bacteria is most sensitive
- BTo determine whether the bacteria is gram negative or gram positive
- CTo determine whether the bacteria is a rod or coccus form
- DTo determine how the bacteria associate
9What is the clinical significance of the concept of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
- AThe MIC correlates to the dose that will be administered to the patient. We need serum and tissue concentrations to exceed the MIC to be effective.
- BThe MIC will help to determine when therapy should begin and how long the course of treatment should be.
- CWhen calculating the MIC, you have to take into consideration the patient's age, disease state, previous antibiotic use, and other factors.
- DImmunosuppressed patients will always require a dose that is much lower than the MIC.
10When should a patient be started on antibiotics?
- ANot until C&S results are available.
- BAs soon as there is a clinical suspicion of infection.
- CAs soon as staining results are available and the bacteria is confirmed as gram positive or negative.
- DWhenever a patient is admitted to hospital. All patients should receive antibiotics prophylactically.
11Which statement is true about combining antibiotics?
- AAntibiotics should never be combined because it increases the risk of toxicity and developing resistance.
- BCombining antibiotics may result in either an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic response, depending on the agents used and the bacteria being targeted.
- CCombining antibiotics will result in a synergistic response, which is why it is standard practice to administer combination therapy.
- DCombinations should never be administered to an immunosuppressed patient.
12What is the main reason for why beta-lactams (e.g. penicillins) are very safe antibiotic agents?
- ABeta-lactams target penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are involved in the final stages of synthesis of peptidoglycan. Mammalian cells do not require this protein to synthesize cell wall components.
- BBeta-lactams are bacteriostatic so they do not actively kill cells.
- CBeta-lactams are quickly metabolized and excreted.
- DCertain bacteria that occur naturally in the body produce an enzyme that cleaves the beta-lactam ring, thereby inactivating the drug. This prevents levels of the drug from building up in the body and leading to toxicity.
13With regard to cephalosporins, the newer generations have greater resistance to beta-lactamase (e.g. fourth generation is more resistant than first).
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
14From the following, select all correct characteristics of beta-lactams:
- ADosing is usually TID to QID because of short half-lives
- BSome have better absorption if taken on empty stomach (e.g. cloxacillin)
- CMost are renally excreted, therefore requiring dose adjustment in pts with renal impairment
- DUnlike many other antibiotics, they have no influence on the efficacy of oral contraceptives
15Both beta-lactams and vancomycin inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. Therefore, both of these agents are...
- Abactericidal
- Bbacteriostatic
16You are caring for a patient who has been prescribed vancomycin. You started an IV infusion 20 minutes ago. The patient pressed the call bell and tells you that he is feeling itchy and his neck and face are flushed. What do you suspect is happening and what should you do?
- AYou suspect an allergic reaction. You should stop the infusion immediately and notify the prescribing MD.
- BYou suspect red man syndrome. You should slow the infusion rate and monitor the patient.
- CYou suspect an allergic reaction. You should call the Rapid Response Team and document the event ASAP.
- DYou suspect that these symptoms are caused by the infection. You should do nothing.
17Aminoglycosides are one antibacterial agent that exhibits a post-antibiotic effect (PAE). What does this mean?
- AThere is a continued inhibition of bacterial growth even when concentration falls below MIC
- BThe patient may exhibit symptoms of toxicity even after the course of treatment has ended
- CThe patient may experience adverse effects for days or weeks after treatment
- DThe patient will experience GI troubles after a course of treatment because their gut flora is diminished
18Why is it important to monitor trough concentrations in patients being administered either Vancomycin or Aminoglycosides?
- ABecause both agents are nephrotoxic
- BBecause both agents may cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- CBecause both agents have a very narrow therapeutic index
- DBecause monitoring peak concentrations will give you false results
19Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin) inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Therefore, this class of antibiotic is...
- Abactericidal
- Bbacteriostatic
20Fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis. Therefore, this class of antibiotic is...
- Abactericidal
- Bbacteriostatic
21Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial folate synthesis needed for making DNA, RNA, and protein. Therefore, this class of antibiotics is...
- Abactericidal
- Bbacteriostatic
22Which of the following antibiotics is highly protein bound and has many drug interactions?
- ASulfonamides
- BVancomycin
- CPenicillins
- DTetracyclines
23Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Therefore, it is...
- Abacteriostatic
- Bbactericidal
24Which of the following agents' main side effect is GI intolerance, including development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to overgrowth of C. difficile?
- AClindamycin
- BVancomycin
- CAminoglycosides
- DTetracyclines
25Which of the following agents should NOT be taken with alcohol?
- AMetronidazole
- BVancomycin
- CTetracycline
- DPenicillin
Información
- Descripción
- Quiz on antibiotics lecture.
- Autor
- Ash Lig
- Idioma
- English
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- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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