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The Endocrine System

Hannah W 20 preguntas

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Preguntas del test (20)

  1. 1Chemicals control m[blank_start]etabolic[blank_end] processes, helping the body to maintain and sustain l[blank_start]ife[blank_end].
    All cells have special receptor m[blank_start]olecules[blank_end] embedded into their membranes and their cytoplasm. Different types of cells have different types of r[blank_start]eceptors[blank_end] and will only respond to specific c[blank_start]hemical[blank_end] messengers in their environment. For a cell to respond to a stimulus signal t[blank_start]ransduction[blank_end] must occur. This is where a hormone will attach to the m[blank_start]embrane[blank_end] receptor on the outside of the cell and cause a set of reactions to occur inside the cell (the signal from the hormone is carried across into the cell).
    1. Aetabolic
    2. Bife
    3. Colecules
    4. Deceptors
    5. Ehemical
    6. Fransduction
    7. Gembrane
  2. 2- Hormones are chemical [blank_start]messengers[blank_end] that are produced by an [blank_start]organism[blank_end] to regulate the activity of cells and organs. They are produced in very [blank_start]small[blank_end] quantities and transported to [blank_start]cells[blank_end] in other parts of the body.
    - Each hormone regulates and controls the [blank_start]activity[blank_end] of a specific target structure (cell, muscle, or gland).
    - The action of hormones is [blank_start]slow[blank_end] but long lasting because they travel long distances but some hormones will still be in the [blank_start]blood[blank_end] after the effect has been activated.
    - A stimulus causes the production and [blank_start]secretion[blank_end] of hormones by their generation cell as a result of internal or external [blank_start]stimuli[blank_end] detected by the [blank_start]nervous[blank_end] system.
    1. Amessengers
    2. Borganism
    3. Csmall
    4. Dlarge
    5. Ecells
    6. Factivity
    7. Gslow
    8. Hfast
    9. Iblood
    10. Jsecretion
    11. Kstimuli
    12. Lnervous
    13. Mendocrine
  3. 3[blank_start]Paracrine[blank_end] hormones bind to receptors on neighbouring cells.

    [blank_start]Endocrine[blank_end] hormones travel long distances through the blood supply of animals to reach the target cells that have receptors that are complementary to the shape of the hormone.

    [blank_start]Autocrine[blank_end] hormones bind to receptors in the same cell that produced them.
    1. AParacrine
    2. BEndocrine
    3. CAutocrine
  4. 4- There are two main types of hormones:

    1. [blank_start]Water[blank_end]-soluble hormones (proteins and amino acid derivatives): these can influence the passage of ions through the cell membrane and can repress or facilitate enzyme function.

    [blank_start]Fat[blank_end]-soluble hormones (steroids): these are able to pass through the cell membrane and can change gene expression - meaning they can cause or stop enzymes from being produced.
    1. AWater
    2. BFat
  5. 5What is the order of the signal transduction pathway?
    A hormone must bind to a specific receptor.

    [blank_start]The receptor then rearranges its shape[blank_end]
    [blank_start]This change of shape then sends a messag[blank_end][blank_start]e through the cell membrane to other mo[blank_end][blank_start]lecules inside the cell (secondary[blank_end] [blank_start]messengers) to change their function.[blank_end]

    [blank_start]The change in their function then causes[blank_end] [blank_start]changes in the chemical pathways through[blank_end][blank_start]out the cell until these result in a[blank_end] [blank_start]final response to the hormone message.[blank_end]

    - Responses as a result of the pathway include: activating or inactivating enzymes, exocytosis, switching on and off genes, and opening or closing protein channels.
    1. AThe receptor then rearranges its shape
    2. BThis change of shape then sends a messag
    3. Ce through the cell membrane to other mo
    4. Dlecules inside the cell (secondary
    5. Emessengers) to change their function.
    6. FThe change in their function then causes
    7. Gchanges in the chemical pathways through
    8. Hout the cell until these result in a
    9. Ifinal response to the hormone message.
  6. 6- Membrane receptors (which receive hormones) can be removed or [blank_start]recycled[blank_end]. If these receptors are [blank_start]removed[blank_end], there are [blank_start]fewer[blank_end] receptors present which makes the cell less sensitive to that specific message. (Like tolerance).
    - When a cell [blank_start]reduces[blank_end] the amount of receptors present to a specific hormone, the process is called [blank_start]down-regulation[blank_end]. Insulin resistance is an example of this.
    - Conversely, if a cell receives [blank_start]weak[blank_end] signals, it can create more receptors to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the cell's sensitivity to the message. The increase in the number of receptors is called [blank_start]up-regulation[blank_end]. An example of this is the sensitivity of the uterus to the oxytocin during pregnancy.
    1. Arecycled
    2. Bremoved
    3. Cfewer
    4. Dmore
    5. Ereduces
    6. Fincreases
    7. Gdown-regulation
    8. Hweak
    9. Istrong
    10. Jincrease
    11. Kdecrease
    12. Lup-regulation
  7. 7Where are hormones produced in mammals?
    1. ADuctless endocrine glands
    2. BHypothalamus
    3. CHippocampus
    4. DAdrenal Glands
  8. 8Where is the Pituitary Gland located?
    1. AAt the ridge of the hippocampus
    2. BAt the base of the hypothalamus
    3. CIn the hindbrain
    4. DNear the mid brain
  9. 9What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
    1. AAnterior
    2. BProsterior
    3. CAdenohypophysis
    4. DNeurohypophysis
  10. 10The pituitary gland is the master controlling gland of the endocrine system
    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso

Información

Descripción
Year 11 Unit 2
Idioma
English
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