Test
Atomic pollution and Climate Change
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Preguntas del test (61)
1Which factors contribute to sea level rise due to climate change?
- AIncreased numbers of floods
- BRapid melting of arctic ice
- CThermal expansion and melting of land-bound ice
- DSlow sinking of the continents
- EEnhanced precipitation
2The green house gas effect can be explained by
- AWavelength dependence of absorption of radiation by GHG
- BOzone depletion in the stratosphere
- CThe elliptic path of the earth around the sun
- DEnhanced reflection of long wave radiation by GHG
- EEnhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
3Because saturation vapour pressure depends on the surface on which it occurs
- ALifting of air masses leads to condensation
- BClouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced
- CSmall drops grow at the cost of large drops
- DMixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog
4Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for
- AInfiltration and Submersion
- BIngestion and Inhalation
- CIngestion and Submersion
- DInhalation and Submersion
- EExposition and Ingestion
5Occult deposition is
- AAn as yet undiscovered deposition
- BDeposition that is not yet fully understood
- CDeposition by fog, dew, etc.
- DDeposition pollutants attached to aerosols
6For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:
- AHigh CFC concentrations and lack of solar radiation
- BHigh CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero
- CHigh CFC concentration and climate change
- DTemperatures below -80°C and little air mass exchange
7the double strategy in Austrian air pollution policy consists of
- ALimiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously
- BRequiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to emission reductions
- CIncreasing stack heights and emission standards
- DLimiting emission according to state-of-the-art-technology and to stay within air quality
8An end-of-pipe measure is e.g.:
- AUsing more efficient technologies
- BImplementing an emission trading scheme
- CFilter flue gases
- DTechnological improvements in the process
- EDesulfurization of oil
9Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around
- A50 t per year
- B1 t per year
- C100 t per year
- DNot quantifiable
- E10 t per year
10Climate change does not involve
- AChanges in precipitation
- BFrequency of extreme events
- CMore intense earthquakes
- DMelting of polare ice
- ETemperature change
11Which are not typical effects of mountain valleys or basins?
- AInducing thermally driven circulations
- BStrong dispersion of pollutants
- CDevelopment of cold air basins due to drainage flow
- DInversions
- EChannelling flow
12Stratospheric ozone concentration
- AIs falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
- BIs falling worldwide
- CIs falling in equatorial regions in winter
- DIs falling in midlatitudes in winter and strongly falling over Antarctica
13In the climate debate tipping points are understood to describe
- APoints ate which the planet becomes uninhabitable
- BPoints beyond which positive feedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by humans
- CPoints of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken
- DGeographical locations where decisive climate process
14Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone levels are especially high in Vienna
- AOn weekdays
- BDuring traffic peaks
- COn Sundays and holidays
- DOn Mondays
- EOn Saturdays
- FIn the early morning
15What is NOT true of radioactive decay
- AIs the only way to deplete radio nuclei
- BDisappears after 5 half-life times
- CDepends only on the radio nuclide
- DIs independent of external influences
- ECan vary over orders of magnitude
16Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale pollution problem
- AFine particles (PM)
- BTropospheric zone
- CPersistent organic compounds (POP)
- DGreen house gases
- ERadio active substances
17The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain
- AThe impact of population, air pollution and technology on environmental degradation
- BThe impact of green house gas emission on climate
- CThe extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed
- DThe impact of world population, affluence and technology on green house gas emission
- EThe impact of lifestyles on environmental quality and tipping points
18What was the original definition of smog
- AA combination of smoke and fog
- BHigh concentration of photo chemicals
- CCigarette smoke
- DHigh ozone concentrations
19Dispersion models typically consists of 3 modules:
- ATransport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module
- BMeteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module
- CEmission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module
- DMeteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Transport Module
- EMeteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module
20Trajectories are an important part of which kind of dispersion models?
- AGaussian models
- BDiffusion models
- CLangrangian models
- DRichardson models
- EEulerian models
21Near the earths surface temperature increases with height
- AWhen wind speed increase with height
- BWhen wind speed is low and the radiation balances at the surface is negative
- CBecause the distance from sun decrease
- DWhen atmospheric radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation
- EWhen warm air rises from heated surfaces
- FWhen an inversion break up
22Chronic damage caused by air pollution can be prevented
- AStandards expressed in high percentiles
- BLimiting maximum concentration
- CShort term standards, e.g.: hourly means
- DLong term standards, e.g.: yearly means
23In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon
- Aonly valley wind
- Bvalley- and down slope wind
- Cvalley and up slope wind
- Donly down slope wind
- EMountain and down slope wind
24In order for a cloud to rain, cloud droplets must grow
- Athrough coagulation and coalescence with other droplets
- Bthrough freezing and melting
- Cand rech a size 100 times that a small cloud droplet
- Dthrough transpiration and evaporation
- Ethrough compression and density increase
- Fthrough condensation and diffusion
25Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
- AReflexion
- BAbsorption
- CRefraction
- DDiffusion
26Concentrations caused at a specific point by a continuous point source vary strongly
- Ain inversions
- Bin unstable layers
- Cin neutral layers
- Din stable layers under strong wind conditions
- Ein isothermal layers near the ground
27The troposphere
- Ais the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height
- Bis the lower part of the planetary boundary layer
- Cis the lower part of the stratosphere and characterised by temperature increases with height
- Dconsists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent surface layer
28Boundaries of the global ecological system seem to have been exceeded regarding
- Aclimate change, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
- Bnitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss
- Cocean acidification, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
- Dclimate change, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
- Eclimate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss
29The following is NOT correct regarding albedo
- AAverage over the whole globe, albedo is about 5%
- BAlbedo is higher for snow than for bitumen
- CAlbedo is reflectivity averages over all wave lengths
- DAlbedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation
- EAlbedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body
30The atmosphere is characterised by
- Aabout 80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen and 1% Argon content
- Babout 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content
- Cabout 80% oxygen and 20% hydrogen content near the surface
- Drapid increase of CO2 and decreases of oxygen concentration
- Egood mixing of gases up to 120km height
31Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average
- AContinents
- BArctic
- CAlpine region
- DOceans
32In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentration occur?
- A20°
- B60°
- C80°
- D45°
33The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to
- AEnhanced the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights
- BMake use of higher wind speed
- CReduce maximum immissions on the ground
- DDelay deposition
- EDistribute pollutants over larger areas
34Global temperatures increases over the last 150 years is about
- A0,2°C
- B1,2°C
- C0,8°C
- D0,4°C
35What process is not part of dispersion of pollutants in air?
- AInterception
- BDiffusion
- CDecay
- DDeposition
- ESedimentation
36Clinical studies to determine concentration limits for humans help to
- AReplace experiments using animals
- BStudy exposures under normal conditions
- CUnderstand systematic dose-effect relationships
- DStudy the effect of high exposures
37What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?
- AThe limited amount of input data and numerical capacity needed
- BA coordinate system that is fixed relative to the earth surface
- CThe good representation of point sources
- DA grid with increasingly smaller dimensions
38What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?
- AEnhanced chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone
- BEnhanced chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone
- CContribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone
- DDestroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming
39Inversions can cause high immission concentrations near the ground
- AWhen pollutants are emitted below the inversion
- BBecause heating is especially intense in these periods
- CWhen pollutants are emitted into the inversion through high stacks
- DBecause pollutants are pressed downward
40Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because
- AThey are released in great heights
- BThey are not easily washed-out
- CTheir lifetime in the atmosphere is long
- DThey are especially light compared to their size
41What data are not relevant for emission inventories?
- AGeographical position of sources
- BFlue gas temperature
- CStack height
- DWind speed
- EEmission rates of different pollutant groups
42What human impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?
- AClimate change
- BBiodiversity loss
- CAcidification of the ocean
- DNitrogen cycle
43Gaussian models for continuous point sources assume that
- AEmission occur at least 10 m above ground
- Blife time of pollutants is limited
- CWind speed exceeds 1 m/s
- DPollutant concentration is uniform within the plume
44Stratospheric ozone concentration
- AIs falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
- BIs falling worldwide
- CIs falling in midlatitudes and strongly over Antarctica
- DIs falling in equatorial regions in winter
45What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the cancer in human skin?
- AUVA
- BUVC
- CRoentgen waves
- DUVB
- EInfra-red
46Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:
- AAssumptions on GHG emissions
- BAn understanding of radiation
- CAssumptions on the development of the world population
- DMathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere
- EStatistical extrapolations of the climate change of the past
47Air flow is influences near buildings
- ABut the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion
- BUp to about 150m behind the building
- CThe stronger, the smaller the building is
- DIn the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building
48Which is no Green House Gas (GHG
- ACarbon monoxide
- BCarbon dioxide
- CWater vapour
- DMethane
- EOzone
49What feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?
- AIncrease in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling
- BTemperature decreases, more glaciers, higher Albedo
- CTemperature increase, increased evaporation, increased cloud cover
- DTemperature increase, forest fires, increased Albedo
50Deposition reaches generally its highest values
- AChemical transformation
- BOccult deposition
- CSedimentation
- DWet deposition
51Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with
- A80% reduction in industrialised and unlimited emissions in other nations
- B50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialised nations
- CFull use of conventional and unconventional reserves
- DAbout 1t of CO2 per person and year till 2050 in industrialised nations
- EGHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted
52Which is a secondary pollutant?
- AAerosols
- BSulfur dioxide
- CNitrogen oxide
- DOzone
53Expected temperature increases in Austria in the next 20-50 years is about
- A2-4°
- B0,5-1°
- C4-6°
- D5-10°
54Which is not a component of the radiation balance at the earth's surface
- Adiffuse or sky radiation
- Batmospheric radiation
- Ccelestrial radiation
- Dterrestrial radiation
- Edirect solar radiation
55The effect source height
- Ais defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise
- Bdepends on the emitted pollutants
- Cis equal to stack height for hot effluents
- Dis near 40 km for stratospheric ozone
- Eincreases with air temperature
56Climate change is scientifically proven by...
increase of global mean temperature- AVerdadero
- BFalso
57What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle?
A sink, but may become a source- AVerdadero
- BFalso
58What is not part of geo-engineerying?
Substitution of fossil energy sources- AVerdadero
- BFalso
59Which of the following pollutants are GHGs? All?
Ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour- AVerdadero
- BFalso
60Radiation balances is clearly negative...
night time, strong wind, fog- AVerdadero
- BFalso
61Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
- AReflexion
- BDiffusion
- CRefraction
- DAbsorption
Información
- Descripción
- Economics
- Autor
- June May
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- Deutsch
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