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Computer Hardware

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1Central Processing Unit(CPU)The CPU is the brain of any computer, it carries out all the processes in a computer. It is made up of different units e.g. The Control Unit. This uses electrical signals to control the flow of data within the CPU
2The Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)Carries out all of the arithmetic and logic operations
3The control unitThe control unit uses electrical signals to control the flow of data within a cpu
4The fetch-execute cycleFETCH: the instruction from memory
DECODE: the instruction to find out what processing to do
EXECUTE: the instruction
5The boot sequenceThe boot sequence is a sequence of processes that contains all the information and instructions to get the computer up and running. It contains the boot loader, a program that starts this sequence when the computer is switched on
6CPU clock speedThe speed of the fetch-execute cycle is determined by an electronic clock chip. The clock speed is cycles per second know as hertz(Hz). Processor speeds are typically measured in gigahertz(GHz), billions of cycles per second
7Cache memoryThe CPU cannot access main memory at the same speed as the processor clock chip; transferring data from main memory causes significant delays.
8Multiple processor coresMulti-core processors use multiple CPUs working together. The CPUs can all fetch, decode and execute instructions at the same time.
9Virtual memoryVirtual memory is part of the hard drive used as an extension to RAM. It is used when the computer does not have enough RAM to hold all the data and programs required.
10Flash memoryFlash memory is a type of ROM that can be rewritten. It is used as a portable medium for sorting and transferring data
11Solid state drive (SSD)A SSD is a source of primary memory. It is much like a hard drive however it uses chips rather than a magnetic disk. This enables it to transfer data and open programs at much high speeds. e.g it can boot windows in just 8 seconds were as a hard drive would take about 30-40 seconds sometimes longer.