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MCQ 2 pack two
Fichas del conjunto (36)
- 1What is operationism?The doctrine that a physical concept can be defined in precise terms related to the set of operations or procedures by which it is determined. The validity of any findings relied on the validity of the operations used.
- 2Who was this promoted by?Bridgeland
- 3What did Bridgeland disgard?Pseudoproblems
- 4What is purposive behaviorism?Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of purposiveness or goal orientation in behavior.
- 5What were the unobservable factors Tolman believed were the determines of behaviour?Intervening variables
- 6What are intervening variables?Unobserved and inferred factors within the organism that are the actual determinants of behavior (S-O-R) (example: hunger)
- 7What did Tolman reject?Thorndikes law of effect
- 8What animal did Tolman put forward for future research?White Rat
- 9What did Hull incorporate into his work?Mechanistic
- 10What is the hypothetico-deductive method Hull proposed?Method for establishing postulates (agreed by everyone) from which experimentally testable conclusions can be deduced.
- 11What are primary drives?associated with innate biological needs and are vital to survival. example: food, water, air.
- 12What are secondary drives?situations or environmental stimuli associated with reduction of primary drives and so becomes drives themselves.
- 13Law of Primary Reinforcement is..when a stimulus-response relationship is followed by reduction in a bodily need, the probability increases that on subsequent occasions the same stimulus will evoke a response.
- 14What is habit strenght?The strength of the stimulus response connection, which is a function of the number of reinforcements.
- 15What did Skinner propse about a reflex?It was a correlation between a stimulus and a response and not much else.
- 16Did Skinner focus on wholly observable phenomena?Yes
- 17What was his method?The simple comprehensive investigation of a single subject.
- 18Who influenced his approach to psychology?Descartes and the mechanical figure of 17th century.
- 19What is Skinner's operant conditioning?A learning situation that involves behavior emitted by an organism rather than elicited by a detectable stimulus.
- 20What is the law of acquistion?The strength of an operant behavior is increased when it is followed by the presentation of a reinforcing stimulus.
- 21How is Skinners research different to Hull and Thorndike?It is descriptive rather than explanatory.
- 22What are reinforcement schedules?Conditions involving various rates and times of reinforcement.
- 23Did the animals respond faster or slower when on a fixed ratio schedule?Yes, faster than they do on a fixed interval.
- 24What is successive approximation?An explanation for the acquisition of complex behaviors. Behaviors such as learning to speak will be reinforced only as they come to approximate or approach the final desired behavior.
- 25What is behavior modification?The use of positive reinforcement to control or modify the behavior of individuals or groups.
- 26The effects of behaviour reinforcement rarely..continue in the outside world.
- 27What did Keller and Marian Breland critcise Skinner?Animals still performed innate behaviors in between reinforced.
- 28Who were the followers of sociobehavioral approach? (neo-neobehaviorists)Bandura and Rotter
- 29Bandura believed responses to stimuli..are self activated.
- 30What is the vicarious reinforcement?Banduras notion that learning can occur by observing the behavior of other people. and the consequences of their behavior, rather than always experiencing reinforcement personally.
- 31What is Banduras approach?Social- Learning Theory
- 32Self efficacy is..one's sense of self-esteem and competence in dealing with lifes problems.
- 33What did Rotter criticise Skinner for?Studying individuals in isolation
- 34What four principles did Rotter put foward that govern behavioural outcomes?1) Subjective expectations
2) Likelihood of reinforcement
3) Place different values on different reinforcement.
4) Because we all function in a psychological environment (different to each other) we have different values for reinforcement. - 35Locus of control is..Rotters idea about the perceived source of reinforcement. Internal locus of control is the belief that reinforcement depends on one's behavior; external locus of control is the belief that reinforcement depends on outside forces.
- 36What are Radical Behaviourists?Concentrated on overt behavior and environmental stimuli, not internal states (Watson, Skinner)
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- Undergraduate Historical and Philosophical Influences Fichas sobre MCQ 2 pack two, creado por ellabutterfield el 26/01/2016.
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