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- 1Atomic models: Dalton: 19th century, described atoms as solid spheres. Thomson: 1897, contain even smaller and negatively charged particles, new model called plum pudding model.Rutherford: fired alpha particles at a very thin sheet of gold. Most atoms passed straight through so the plum pudding model was wrong, he came up with the nuclear model atom, tiny positively charged nucleus and surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons.
- 2Bohr's: Electrons in a cloud would cause the atom to collapse. Therefore electrons only exist in fixed orbitals, have fixed energy, when an electron moves between shells electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed, energy of shells is fixed the radiation will have fixed frequency.Mass spectrometer:
Electrospray ionization: sample is dissolved in a polar solvent, then pushed through a small nozzle at a high pressure,. a high voltage is applied therefore particles lose and electron````````
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