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Description
Flashcards by sofia Larrain, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sofia Larrain
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Levels of organisation | -Cell->tissue->organ system->organism -nerve cell->nervous tissue->brain->nervous system->homo sapiens. |
| Organisation + some system in the human body | -muscle cell->muscle tissue->organ->system->organism. -circulatory system->respiratory system->digestive system->muscular system->skeletal system. |
| Food types | Carbohydrates- energy fats- store energy, heat insulation proteins- growing + reparing cells, vitamin c- healthy gums vitamin d- strong bones mineral Ca- strong bones+ teeth Fe- making haemoglobin fibre- prevents constipation water- metabolic reaction in solution. Blood is mostly water. |
| Heart diagram | |
| What is a stent What do you insert in the artery to prevent blockage What is a stent made of? | -you insert in the artery of the heart to prevent it blockage from fatty deposites. -stent - plastic which is inserted into the artery to hold it open. |
| What is another way to stop the blockage. How do you stop the blockage. | - insert a coronary by-pass -from another blood vessel, vein from the leg, is stitched into place to by-pass the blockage. |
| What are red blood cells? | - contains a substance called haemoglobin. - binds oxygen diffusion into blood in the alveoli. Then called oxyhaemoglobin. |
| What are white blood cells? | -immune system (fight of invading pathogens,) bacteria. -phagocytes- engulf pathogens (help clump pathogens for phagocytes to destroy. |
| What is insoluble? Why can't fat desolve. What does fat turn into? | -Can't desolve. -fat oil can't mix into water, it does not combine. But when you mix it in bile it mixes up. -Fat -> glycerol and fatty acids. |
| Enzymes | |
| What is an enzyme? Red blood cells contain haemoglobin What are platelets? | -It's a biological molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction. -helps to prevent bleeding by putting a scab. -salivary glands- amylase (carbohydrates) -starch-glucose. Stomach (protease-protein) acid pH2 to 3 |
| pH scale | |
| Enzymes | -Amylase breaks starch-> blood-> maltose -protease-> protease-> blood-> amino acid -lipase-> fats-> ->blood -> glycerol |
| Test for protein | -add dilute sodium hydroxide in dilute copper sulphate. (If protein is presented turn purple colour. |
| Test for protein | |
| Test for fats | -shake food+ ethanol. Pour some of the solution in water. If fat presented it turns cloudy white. |
| Test for fats | |
| Test for starch | Iodine drop onto the food if turns blue/ black starch is presented. |
| Test for starch | |
| Test for simple sugars e.g glucose | Boil food in a test tube with benedicts if orange or red the food contains simple sugars. |
| Test for simple sugars e.g glucose | |
| Enzymes | It's to brake down large food molecules so that we can absorb the small molecules we need. Starch-> glucose Protein-> amino acid Fats-> fatty acids and glycerol. |
| The digestive system | |
| Organs |
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| Peristalsis |
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| Peristalsis | Circular muscle of the gut contract to push the food along the alimentary canal. -Fibre in the diet is necessary for this process. -without fibre a person can become constipated. |
| Bile and the liver What is bile were is it produced and what Two functions are they. |
-Bile is a chemical produced in the liver. And it’s stored in the gall bladder.
-It neutralises stomach acids and produces alkaline conditions for enzymes to work in.
- Emulsifies fats (mechanical digestion.)
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| The small intestine -¿what does it do, what’s its function? |
-where the products of digestion are absorbed into our blood stream. Villi provides a large surface area.
- epithelium micro-villi increases surface area.
-thin walls so small easier for diffusion.
-glucose and amino acid absorbed into the blood by capillaries.
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| Large intestine ¿What is it? | Indigestible fibre and water goes to the large intestine, it’s responsible for absorbing water and salts from remaining digested food. |
| Tumour -¿what type of Timor’s are there? | -Malignant-> Tumour cancerous that can spread to other parts of the body. -Benign-> non-cancerous rumours that do not spread |
| Screening ¿What types are there? | -When looking for cancer methods - blood test -urine test -X-ray test Women cancer is breastfeeding cancer called mammogram. Smear test-cervical -obesity -smoking more than 20% -alcohol -infections->hepatitis B & C -HPV -genetic disorders. -ionising radiation (suns ultraviolet.) -environment pollution |
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