28069733
Description
Flashcards by Valentín Ángel Limón, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Valentín Ángel Limón
over 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hypothalamus and hypophysis | Let's start! |
| As a first step into the topic... Do you know what influences the hypothalamus? | Information from many parts of the brain and humoral stimuli from extracellular fluid. |
| And which are the hypothalamus’ functions? | To control the water balance, sleep, temperature, appetite and blood pressure. It also secretes hormones that make its effect in the pituitary gland. |
| There is another name for the pituitary gland Do you know it? | Hypophysis |
| How are the hypothalamus and the hypophysis connected? | By hormones and nervous connections. |
| Let's talk about the hypophysis; it is controlled by… | Hormonal stimuli from the brain and other endocrine glands. |
| Which are the hypophysis’ functions? | To control many different endocrine glands. |
| The pituitary target organs are: ... glands, thyroid gland, ... , mammary glands, uterus, ... and other tissues. | (adrenal; gonads; kidneys) |
| The pituitary size and morphology seem to be related to… | The environmental niche and physiological state. |
| A hormone can activate different cells in the pituitary, which in turn will release ... hormone/s each. | (only one) |
| The hormones released from the anterior pituitary are long chain polypeptides (... , ... , ...), short chain polypeptides (...) or glycoproteins (... , ... , ...). | (STG; GH; PRL; ACTH; TSH; FSH; LH) |
| Which polypeptides hormones do exert direct action? Short- or long-chain polypeptides? Which are their names? | Long-chain polypeptides. Somatotrophic Hormone (STH, aka Growth Hormone, GH) and Lactotrope Hormone (aka Prolactin, PRL). |
| Which are the short-chain polypeptides released by the hypophysis? | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH), alfa, beta and gamma lipoproteins, and beta-endorphin. |
| Which are the glycoprotein hormones? | Thyrotrophic Hormone (TSH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FS) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). |
| The posterior pituitary, also called ... , releases hormones by mean of ... . Those hormones are ... and ... . | (neurohypophysis; neurons; vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH); oxytocin) |
| Hypophysis vascularization is useful to carry minute quantities of ... hormones in a concentrated way to do their actions in the ... gland. | (hypothalamic; anterior pituitary) |
| Hypophysiotropic hormones are in charge of ... the function of the ... . | (maintaining; adenohypophysis) |
| Those hormones are... | Dopamine (DA); Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH); Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH); Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH); Somatostatin (SST) and Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) |
| These hormones are controlled by feedback loops and are mediated by: Ultra Short (...), Short (...), Direct Long-loop (...), Indirect Long-loop (...). | (hypothalamic releasing factors; pituitary hormones; peripheral hormones; peripheral hormones) |
| GH has direct action but the most part of the action is given by ... . ... regulates the expression of GH receptor and production of ... . | (GH/IGF-1; Insulin; IGF-1) |
| The main functions of prolactin are: ... development, startup and maintenance of ... , ... ovulation in females and ... problems in males when high levels, and ... improvement with GH. | (breast; lactation; no; infertility; immune) |
| Plasma levels of prolactin is regulated by ... | (dopaminergic system) |
| Vasopressin has its antidiuretic function due to the ... and ... (increase of permeability), and the vasoconstrictor one by increasing ... . | (insertion of water channels; urea transporters; peripheral vascular resistance) |
| Oxytocin promotes ... and inhibits ... . It is regulated by a ... feedback. | (milk ejection and associative behaviour with the crying baby; ovulation; positive) |
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