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Dental public health II (100 Flash cards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Dental public health Praxis Spanish 100 cards

Dental public health II (100 Flash cards)

Cards in this deck (100)

  1. 1Describe an interventional/experimental study investigating caries?Intake of sugars were altered and the development of caries altered such as the Vipeholm study which involved 964 patients in institution. Sugars were given in various forms to create test groups.
    Sugar had a topical effect.
    The frequency of sugar consumption was identified as more important than the amount.    Describe an interventional/experimental study investigating caries?
  2. 2What is the UK optimum level of fluoridation of water?1ppmWhat is the UK optimum level of fluoridation of water?
  3. 3What does the level of water fluoridation vary between in Scotland?0.001ppm -1ppmWhat does the level of water fluoridation vary between in Scotland?
  4. 4What is the aim of dental services?To provide the opportunity for everyone to retain a healthy functional dentition for life by preventing what is preventable and containing the remaining disease by the efficient use and distribution of treatment resources.What is the aim of dental services?
  5. 5What should dental services be? (5A's)- available
    - accessible
    - affordable
    - acceptable
    - accommodating    What should dental services be? (5A's)
  6. 6What are some individual barriers to the access of dental services?- Psychosocial factors (e.g. fear & anxiety)
    - Cultural aspects
    - Financial    What are some individual barriers to the access of dental services?
  7. 7What are some barriers to access of services regarding the dental profession?- Inappropriate manpower resources
    - Uneven geographical distribution    What are some barriers to access of services regarding the dental profession?
  8. 8What are some societal barriers to the access of dental services?- Physical structure
    - Inadequate oral health man power planning    What are some societal barriers to the access of dental services?
  9. 9What are the two divisions of dental services in the UKPrimary care - general and public
    Secondary care - general hospitals and dental hospitals    What are the two divisions of dental services in the UK
  10. 10How are GDPs and independent contractors paid?Hydrid system of pay: partial capitation (continuing care arrangement) and item of service fee structure detailed in the SDRHow are GDPs and independent contractors paid?
  11. 11What is the SDR?Statement of Dental Renumeration - amount dentist is paid by NHS for each specific treatmentWhat is the SDR?
  12. 12How are public dental services paid and what do they do?Employed by NHS boards and are salaried.
    - Provide dental services to patients with special care needs as well as rural areas.
    _ Provide a full range of NHS dental services and work within premises owned by NHS scotland
    - Cannot provide any private treatment at all, must follow the SDR    How are public dental services paid and what do they do?
  13. 13What is Alma Ata?Declaration defining key public health principles of primary healthcare.What is Alma Ata?
  14. 14What are the Alma Ata principles?What are the Alma Ata principles?
    - Equitable (fair) distribution of services
    - Focus on prevention
    - Use of appropriate technology
    - Multi-sectorial working
    - Community participation    What are the Alma Ata principles?
  15. 15What are the 4 main principles of medical ethics?- respect for autonomy
    - Beneficence
    - non-maleficence
    - justice    What are the 4 main principles of medical ethics?
  16. 16For a disease to be considered a public health problem what criteria must it meet one or more of?- Must be widespread or serious
    - Have severe consequences to the community or individuals
    - Costs to community and individuals are great
    - Must be effective methods available to prevent, alleviate or cure.    For a disease to be considered a public health problem what criteria must it meet one or more of?
  17. 17What are the objectives of strategy design? ARMPITS- Appropriate
    - Realistic
    - Measurable
    - Positive
    - Important
    - Timed
    - Stated    What are the objectives of strategy design? ARMPITS
  18. 18What are the key stages of the planning cycle for addressing a public health problem?- Identify problem
    - Design a strategy
    - Implement the strategy
    - Monitor and evaluate    What are the key stages of the planning cycle for addressing a public health problem?
  19. 19What are the outlined factors of Ottawa Charter for health promotion?- Build a healthy public policy
    - Create supportive environments
    - Strengthen community action
    - Develop personal skills
    - Re-orient health services    What are the outlined factors of Ottawa Charter for health promotion?
  20. 20What are the two groups of factors outlining the social determinants of health?1. Structural determinants of health (unequal distribution of money, power, goods &services, globally, nationally and locally)
    2. Conditions of daily life (unfairness of immediate, visible circumstances in peoples lives e.g. access to school, education, healthcare etc)    What are the two groups of factors outlining the social determinants of health?
  21. 21What are some downstream interventions for addressing dental health inequalities/problems?- Chair side education
    - School dental health education
    - Clinical Prevention    What are some downstream interventions for addressing dental health inequalities/problems?
  22. 22What are some upstream interventions for addressing dental health inequalities/problems?- National and local policy initiatives
    - Legislation    What are some upstream interventions for addressing dental health inequalities/problems?
  23. 23Public healthThe science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts.Public health
  24. 24Health defined by the World Health OrganizationA state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmityHealth defined by the World Health Organization
  25. 25The Institute of Medicine identifies these core functions to be conducted by government agenciesAssessment, Policy development, Assurance, and Serving all functions.The Institute of Medicine identifies these core functions to be conducted by government agencies
  26. 26AssessmentIncludes activities such as performing public health surveillance, collecting and interpreting data, finding case applications, and evaluating outcomes of programs and policies.Assessment
  27. 27Policy developmentThe process by which society makes decisions about problems, chooses goals and strategies to address the problems, and allocates resources to reach them. Development of comprehensive public health policies based on scientific evidence.Policy development
  28. 28AssuranceProvision of services necessary to achieve agreed-upon health goals related to improving the health of the publicAssurance
  29. 29Serving all functionsResearch for new insights and innovative solutions to health problemsServing all functions
  30. 30Public health goalsPrevent epidemics and the spread of disease; protect against environmental hazards, prevent injuries, promote and encourage healthy behaviors, respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery, and ensure the quality and accessibility of health serviceslPublic health goals
  31. 31Dental public health definedThe science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts.Dental public health defined
  32. 32Great public health achievements of the 20th centuryVaccination, motor vehicle safety, workplace safety, control of infectious disease, safer and healthier food, family planning, community water fluoridation, healthier mothers and babies, decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke, recognition of tobacco as a hazard.Great public health achievements of the 20th century
  33. 33Levels of Public HealthIncludes Local, State(Medicaid and CHIP), National(NIH, CDC, PHS, IHS, DOD) and International(WHO). Each level supports the activities of the others, but one level is not directly controlled by another level. Programs at lower levels are often funded by grants from higher levels.Levels of Public Health
  34. 34National Institutes of HealthThe government's medical research organization. Conducts epidemiologic research, provides science transfer and publishes and distributes educational materials.National Institutes of Health
  35. 35Centers for Disease ControlProvides a system of health surveillance to prevent the outbreak of diseases and monitor any that do occur.Centers for Disease Control
  36. 36The Department of Health and Human ServicesThe government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. The secretary of the department is appointed by the president of the United States.The Department of Health and Human Services
  37. 37US Public Health Service (PHS)Works to improve and advance the health of our nation's people.US Public Health Service (PHS)
  38. 38Food and Drug AdministrationEnsures the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, biological products, and medical devices. Regulates dental products, materials, and equipment.Food and Drug Administration
  39. 39Children's Health Insurance ProgramProvides health insurance to vulnerable children throughout the United States.Children's Health Insurance Program
  40. 40Women, Infant, Children(WIC) preventive educatorFederal Dental Hygiene setting under the Department of AgricultureWomen, Infant, Children(WIC) preventive educator
  41. 41MedicaidThe program that traditionally funds dental care to the indigent population and is administrated by states.Medicaid
  42. 42PluralismRefers to the way of organizing and providing health care services because of the diversity of values, populations, and entities involved.Pluralism
  43. 43DemandThe particular or desired frequency of dental care utilized by a population.Demand
  44. 44SupplyThe amount of dental care services availableSupply
  45. 45UtilizationThe number of dental care services actually consumed, not just desired.Utilization
  46. 46Federally qualified health center(FQHC)Means that they qualify for enhanced reimbursement from Medicaid and other benefits. Must provide services for an underserved area or population, offer a sliding fee scale, provide comprehensive services, have an ongoing quality assurance program, and have a governing board of directors.Federally qualified health center(FQHC)
  47. 47NeedA normative, professional judgment as to the amount and kind of health care services required to attain or maintain health.Need
  48. 48ExecutiveBranch of the federal government that has a direct impact on dental care deliveryExecutive
  49. 49Primary preventionThe employment of strategies and agents to forestall the onset of disease, reverse its progress, or arrest its process before treatment becomes necessary.Primary prevention
  50. 50Secondary preventionEmploys routine treatment methods to terminate the disease process and/restore tissues to as nearly normal as possible, this can also be called restorative care.Secondary prevention
  51. 51Tertiary preventionEmploys strategies to replace lost tissues through rehabilitation. The use of prosthetics to replace missing limbs is an example. Also, to stop an infection and prevent the loss of a tooth due to tooth decayTertiary prevention
  52. 52Socioeconomic Status, (SES)An individual's comparative social and economic standing within a community.Socioeconomic Status, (SES)
  53. 53MalpracticeA professional's negligence by act or omission when the care provided is not within the accepted standards of practice and negatively affects the patient's well-being.Malpractice
  54. 54The private practice treatment plan is based on diagnosis, professional judgment, client's needs and priorities. What is the comparison in the Community Oral Health Practice?Program plan based on data analysis, community priorities, and resources available.The private practice treatment plan is based on diagnosis, professional judgment, client's needs and priorities. What is the comparison i...
  55. 55Assessment in the Community Oral Health PracticeSurvey of community oral health status; situation analysis including assessment of population demographics, culture, mobility, economic resources, and infrastructure,Assessment in the Community Oral Health Practice
  56. 56Diagnosis in private practice is comprised of client's oral health needs. What is the Community Oral Health Practice comparison?Analysis of survey data to determine the oral health needs of the population.Diagnosis in private practice is comprised of client's oral health needs. What is the Community Oral Health Practice comparison?
  57. 57World Health Organization (WHO)*Defines health as a complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
    body that addresses unmet oral health needs of global populations in its commitment to improve oral health as an integral part of general health.    World Health Organization (WHO)
  58. 58PUBLIC HEALTH -clinician -researcher -educator -administrator -corporate -entrepreneurRoles of the DHPUBLIC HEALTH -clinician -researcher -educator -administrator -corporate -entrepreneur
  59. 59Neednormative, professional judgement as to the amount and kind of services required to attain or maintain healthNeed
  60. 60demandthe particular or desired frequency of dental care utilized by a populationdemand
  61. 61supplyamount of dental care services availablesupply
  62. 62utilizationthe number of dental services actually consumed not just desiredutilization
  63. 63learning ladder*depicts an individual's natural progression from knowledge absorption to value adoption
    -unawareness
    -awareness
    -self-interest
    -involvement
    -action
    -habit    learning ladder
  64. 64Classifications of Dental Caries ExaminationsComplete-comprehensive including all tests
    limited-mouth, mirror, explorer, adequate illumination, bite wings and PA's
    inspection-most common type,mouth mirror explorer and adequate illumination
    screening-least valid type, tongue depressor and available illumination    Classifications of Dental Caries Examinations
  65. 65desirable characteristics of a dental index-clarity
    -simplicity
    -objectivity
    -validity
    -reliability
    -quantifiability
    -sensitivity
    -acceptability    desirable characteristics of a dental index
  66. 66Teeth used in Ramfjord Index3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30Teeth used in Ramfjord Index
  67. 67plaque control record (PCR)recorde presence of bacterial plaque on INDIVIDUAL tooth surfacesplaque control record (PCR)
  68. 68Plaque Index (PI)assesses the THICKNESS of plaque in the gingival area in evaluating each of the four tooth surfaces, for plaque retentionPlaque Index (PI)
  69. 69Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI)assesses presence of gingival inflammation by bleeding from interproximal sulcusGingival Bleeding Index (GBI)
  70. 70Periodontal Index (PI)Measures periodontal disease in populations based on clinical exam alone or combined with radiographic evaluationPeriodontal Index (PI)
  71. 71Institutional Review Board (IRB)A committee that is in charge of research to review every experiment for ethics and methodology.Institutional Review Board (IRB)
  72. 72literature reviewa review of all pertinent reports and studies to determine what is currently known about the issueliterature review
  73. 73HISTORICAL research approachdetermine the meaning of past eventsHISTORICAL research approach
  74. 74QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL research approachapproximates true experimental approach but lacks control of true experimentationQUASI-EXPERIMENTAL research approach
  75. 75retrospective studylooks backward to investigate a group of people with a particular disease (medical records)retrospective study
  76. 76Random Samplebest way to ensure adequate representation in an experimentRandom Sample
  77. 77best way to ensure adequate representation in an experimentsamples every (Nth) subjectbest way to ensure adequate representation in an experiment
  78. 78interval scalea scale of measurement in which the intervals between numbers on the scale are all EQUAL in sizeinterval scale
  79. 79correlationa mutual relationship or connection between two or more things that CAN be measured mathematicallycorrelation
  80. 80p-value (probability value)probability that the findings of a study are due to chancep-value (probability value)
  81. 81Type 2 Errorbeta B
    the null hypothesis is ACCEPTED, but it is actually FALSE and should have been rejected    Type 2 Error
  82. 82approximately ____________ of adults in the US has at least 1 tooth with decay85%approximately ____________ of adults in the US has at least 1 tooth with decay
  83. 83root caries affects approximately__________ of adults over the age of _________50%; 75root caries affects approximately__________ of adults over the age of _________
  84. 84***Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) effects ________ of the U.S population it is found in ____________of individuals from lower socioeconomic populations15%-45%****
    75%-90%    ***Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) effects ________ of the U.S population it is found in ____________of individuals from lower socioeconomic p...
  85. 85Peer reviewreview for content and accuracy by other dental health researchersPeer review
  86. 86ADA sealawarded for 3 yearsADA seal
  87. 87abstractoutlines the study's content by concisely stating its purpose, intent, previous findings, methodology, results, and suggestionsabstract
  88. 88-educational -written examination requirement -jurisprudence requirement -clinical examination -National Board Dental Hygiene ExaminationDH licensure requirements-educational -written examination requirement -jurisprudence requirement -clinical examination -National Board Dental Hygiene Examination
  89. 89Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)federal government agency that issues guidelines relative to protection and manners to improve health and prevent the outbreak of disease and monitoring of any that do occurCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
  90. 90Indian Health Services (IHS)provides 1.8 million Native/Alaskan Americans with medical and dental careIndian Health Services (IHS)
  91. 91DMFT ages and mean12; 35-45; 65 years or older
    0.0-1.1=low
    6.6+=high
    1.2-6.5= normal    DMFT ages and mean
  92. 92direct supervisionDDS must be ON SITEdirect supervision
  93. 93general supervisionDDS do NOT need to be on-site while tx is rendered.
    DDS prescibe DH care    general supervision
  94. 94independent supervisionDH to practice their own facilities only if the pt is REFERRED by a DDSindependent supervision
  95. 95unsupervised, independent supervisionDH decide tx and render care in their own facilities or in the public w/o referral needed.unsupervised, independent supervision
  96. 96Capitation planprovider contracts with a program to provide all or most dental services to the program's subscribers in return for payment on a per capita basisCapitation plan
  97. 97deductibleamount that an individual enrolled in an insurance plan must pay for covered services before the insurance entity begins payingdeductible
  98. 98dental planthe prioritization of goals and objectives and the development of strategies and a blueprintdental plan
  99. 99premiumamount paid for insurance coveragepremium
  100. 100-legislative- makes laws -executive- carries out laws -judicial- interpretsbranches of government-legislative- makes laws -executive- carries out laws -judicial- interprets

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Praxis Flashcards: Dental public health Flashcards on Dental public health II (100 Flash cards), created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 04/08/2021.
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