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Pediatrics IX (100 Flashcards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Pediatrics Praxis Spanish 100 cards

what is the earliest sign of the caries process on the smooth enamel surfaces?

Cards in this deck (100)

  1. 1AnkylosisUnion of bone and root; common in primary second molars; no effect on exfoliation of affected primary molarsAnkylosis
  2. 2Ectopic EruptionWhen the crown can't eruptEctopic Eruption
  3. 3___% of ectopic eruptions are self correcting75%___% of ectopic eruptions are self correcting
  4. 4Ectopic eruption TxMonitor until after 7 years (perm 1st molars)
    1. Distalize the molar,
    2. ortho separators
    3. Lingual band/halterman appliance    Ectopic eruption Tx
  5. 5If there is an ectopic eruption, what age should a radiograph be taken to catch root resorption early?8If there is an ectopic eruption, what age should a radiograph be taken to catch root resorption early?
  6. 6Distally Displaced premolarsTypically seen with ankylosis of primary pm2 does not impede the natural exfoliation; can cause the premolars to tilt distallyDistally Displaced premolars
  7. 7Primary Failure of EruptionInherent lack of eruption potential; typically affects posterior teeth; results in posterior open bite; typically affects M1 and M2Primary Failure of Eruption
  8. 8Mutuation in which gene results in a loss of eruption potential?PTH1R mutationMutuation in which gene results in a loss of eruption potential?
  9. 9Type I: Hypoplastic Type Amelogenesis Imperfecta1. Lack of cell differentiation into ameloblasts during histodifferentiation
    2. Insufficient enamel
    3. Enamel: hard, rough pitted, thinner radiographically
    4. smaller teeth due to enamel deficiency, open contacts, thermal sensitivity    Type I: Hypoplastic Type Amelogenesis Imperfecta
  10. 10Type II: Hypmaturation Type Amelogenesis Imperfecta1. Persistence of organic content in enamel rod sheeth
    2. Enamel with deficient mineral quantity
    3. Reduced enamel radiodensity
    4. Porous enamel stains easily
    5. mottled enamel with brown-yellow-white color    Type II: Hypmaturation Type Amelogenesis Imperfecta
  11. 11Type III: Hypocalcified Type1. Most common type
    2. Def calcification during mineralization phase
    3. Enamel opaque-white, yellow-brown
    4. Moth eaten appearance radiographically    Type III: Hypocalcified Type
  12. 12Type IV: Hypomaturation, Hypoplastic with TaurodontismEnamel looks like Type I, II, with Taurodontism of molars, enlarged pulp chambers of other teethType IV: Hypomaturation, Hypoplastic with Taurodontism
  13. 13QUIZ QUESTION: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization only affects which teeth?Incisors and Permanent 1st molars.QUIZ QUESTION: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization only affects which teeth?
  14. 14Molar incisor HypomineralizationExtreme sensitivity and limited ability to be anesthetized; use glass ionomer to calm nerves.Molar incisor Hypomineralization
  15. 15Dentinogenesis Imperfect occurs during developing causing abnormal ________MatrixDentinogenesis Imperfect occurs during developing causing abnormal ________
  16. 163 Types of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta1. Shields type I (occurs with Osteogenesis Imperfecta)
    2. Shields type II (occurs without OI)
    3. Shields type III (Brandywine)    3 Types of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
  17. 17In DI Shields Type I, _______ teeth are more severely effected than permanent teethprimaryIn DI Shields Type I, _______ teeth are more severely effected than permanent teeth
  18. 18In DI Shields Type II, _________ teeth are equally affectedpermanentIn DI Shields Type II, _________ teeth are equally affected
  19. 19DI Shields Type III is very ______ and limited to Brandywine population in marylandrareDI Shields Type III is very ______ and limited to Brandywine population in maryland
  20. 20T/F In Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, appearance of primary teeth will reliable predict that of permanent?FalseT/F In Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, appearance of primary teeth will reliable predict that of permanent?
  21. 21Dentin Dysplasia is an _______ group of dentin disordersinheritedDentin Dysplasia is an _______ group of dentin disorders
  22. 22Two types of Dentin Dysplasia:1. Shields Type I
    2. Shields Type II    Two types of Dentin Dysplasia:
  23. 23Which type of dentin dysplasia causes obliterated pulps in primary teeth?Dentin Dysplasia Shields Type IWhich type of dentin dysplasia causes obliterated pulps in primary teeth?
  24. 24Which type of dentin dysplasia causes amber colored teeth in adults and thisle shaped pulp chambers and pulp stones?Dentin Dysplasia Shields Type IIWhich type of dentin dysplasia causes amber colored teeth in adults and thisle shaped pulp chambers and pulp stones?
  25. 25Syndromes associated with cementum anomalies (3)1. Epidermolysis bullosa
    2. Cleidocranial dysplasia
    3. Hypophosphatasia    Syndromes associated with cementum anomalies (3)
  26. 26QUIZ Question: Hallmark sign of hypophosphatasia found in a serumInsifficient alkaline phosphataseQUIZ Question: Hallmark sign of hypophosphatasia found in a serum
  27. 27Van Der Would SyndromeParamedian lip pits = most common finding; Taurodontism 50%Van Der Would Syndrome
  28. 28Ectodermal DysplasiaAnterior teeth conical or peg shaped; hypodontia or anodontiaEctodermal Dysplasia
  29. 29T/F HPE will always be associated with SMMCI but not all with SMMCI have HPETRUET/F HPE will always be associated with SMMCI but not all with SMMCI have HPE
  30. 30Hypodontia is prevelent is _____% of children with non-syndromatic clefts80%Hypodontia is prevelent is _____% of children with non-syndromatic clefts
  31. 31Hypodontia is 10x more frequent on the cleft side or non-cleft side?CLEFTHypodontia is 10x more frequent on the cleft side or non-cleft side?
  32. 32Cleidocranial DysplasiaMutation of RUNX2; mutliple supernumerary teeth, delayed eruptionCleidocranial Dysplasia
  33. 33Syndromes with Hyperdontia & Hypodontia1. Downs Syndrome
    2. Crouzon
    3. Oral-facial-digital syndrome (Type I)    Syndromes with Hyperdontia & Hypodontia
  34. 34Oral-Facial-Digital SyndromeBifid tongue; multiple frenulaeOral-Facial-Digital Syndrome
  35. 35Tricho-Dento-Osseous SyndromeAutosomal dominant syndrome in which hypomaturation/hypoplastic AI, osteosclerosis, and brittle nailsTricho-Dento-Osseous Syndrome
  36. 36Tx for fissured tonguekeep it cleanTx for fissured tongue
  37. 37Hyperplastic Labial FrenumThick triangular band of pink soft tissue at midline labial mucosa and gingiva of upper and lower alveolar ridge; can cause gingival recession or diastema; can be associated with syndromesHyperplastic Labial Frenum
  38. 38Tx for hyperplastic labial frenumNone unless large diastema or gingival recession indicates frenectomyTx for hyperplastic labial frenum
  39. 39Partial AnkyloglossiaShort, thick, lingual attachment to tip of ventral surface of tongue.Partial Ankyloglossia
  40. 40Tx for Partial ankyloglossiaIf mastication problems (babies feeding), may self correct, infrequently frenectomyTx for Partial ankyloglossia
  41. 41Geographic Tongue (Benign Migratory Glossitis)Red patches w/ white edges; "wandering patches"; tx: noneGeographic Tongue (Benign Migratory Glossitis)
  42. 42Lingual ThyroidRemnant thyroid tissue from development at base of tongue in the midline.
    In 70% of patients, normal thyroid is absent so if you remove it the pt will need hormone replacement therapy.
    Carcinoma <1%    Lingual Thyroid
  43. 43Commisural Lip PitsCorners of the mouth, unilateral or bilateral invaginations, fluid may be expressed. Tx: noneCommisural Lip Pits
  44. 44Paramedian Lip PitsBilateral symmetric depressions or swellings at midline of LOWER lip vermillion; Tx: none unless for estheticsParamedian Lip Pits
  45. 45Retrocuspid PapillaPink, sessile papula or nodule usually bilateral by mandibular canines, lingual attached gingiva. (if unilateral, worry about something else); tx: noneRetrocuspid Papilla
  46. 46Bifid UvulaMidline split of uvula on the posterior soft palate; minimal expressionf of cleft palate, submucous cleft may be present; tx: noneBifid Uvula
  47. 47Primary Herpetic StomatitisMultiple vesicle and ulcers, diffuse erythema, sudden onset, VERY COMMON; resolve in 7-15 daysPrimary Herpetic Stomatitis
  48. 48Hallmark feature of Primary Herpetic StomatitisFever preceding appearance of ulcers;Hallmark feature of Primary Herpetic Stomatitis
  49. 49Recurrent Herpes1st/2nd decades; vermillion boarder of lip,Recurrent Herpes
  50. 50Aphthous UlcerNon-keratinized mucosa; painful, recurrent; immune reactionAphthous Ulcer
  51. 51Hallmark: white spots or plaques that RUB OFF leaving red baseCandidiasisHallmark: white spots or plaques that RUB OFF leaving red base
  52. 52what are dental caries?a localized infectious disease of the teeth initiated by demineralization of enamel from organic acids produced by specific oral bacteria that metabolizes dietary carbohydrateswhat are dental caries?
  53. 53what are the 4 factors involved in the caries process?1. a susceptible tooth
    2. presence of bacteria
    3. access to a refined fermentable carbohydrate
    4. time    what are the 4 factors involved in the caries process?
  54. 54soluble starch and refined starches are broken down by what? into what?salivary amylase
    into sugars    soluble starch and refined starches are broken down by what? into what?
  55. 55raw starches cause a ______ drop in pH.slightraw starches cause a ______ drop in pH.
  56. 56refined carbohydrates cause a __________ drop in pH.variablerefined carbohydrates cause a __________ drop in pH.
  57. 57a drop below pH of ______ creates an acidic environment in the mouth and the start of what?5.5
    start of demineralization process    a drop below pH of ______ creates an acidic environment in the mouth and the start of what?
  58. 58the more frequent the carbohydrate intake, the what?the more frequent the pH will drop below 5.5 --> demineralizationthe more frequent the carbohydrate intake, the what?
  59. 59what are the 2 species responsible for the initiation of dental caries?1. strep mutans
    2. strep sobrinus    what are the 2 species responsible for the initiation of dental caries?
  60. 60what are the 2 species that play a role in caries progression?1. lactobacillus adicophilus
    2. lactobacillus casei    what are the 2 species that play a role in caries progression?
  61. 61what are the 3 properties that caries bacteria possess that enable them to function in the disease process?1. they are adherent to teeth
    2. they produce acid
    3. they can live and function within the acid environmen    what are the 3 properties that caries bacteria possess that enable them to function in the disease process?
  62. 62what are the 2 modes of bacteria transmission?vertical and horizontalwhat are the 2 modes of bacteria transmission?
  63. 63what is vertical transmission? what are the 2 types?from parent to child
    either direct (kissing) or indirect (pacifier, spoons)    what is vertical transmission? what are the 2 types?
  64. 64what is horizontal transmission?between members of a family (siblings) or a group such as daycare; within or outside of the familywhat is horizontal transmission?
  65. 65colonization of strep mutans starts when? where?at birth
    usually in the furrows of the tongue    colonization of strep mutans starts when? where?
  66. 66what is the transmission vehicle for strep mutans acquisition?salivawhat is the transmission vehicle for strep mutans acquisition?
  67. 6771% of strep mutans acquisition is transferred via ___________ transmission.vertical71% of strep mutans acquisition is transferred via ___________ transmission.
  68. 68what is the earliest sign of the caries process on the smooth enamel surfaces?the white spot lesion; an area of white, chalky, opaque enamel typically seen under a layer of plaque at the gingival marginwhat is the earliest sign of the caries process on the smooth enamel surfaces?
  69. 69the white spot lesion is an indication of what?that the underlying enamel has decalcifiedthe white spot lesion is an indication of what?
  70. 70in cross section, the white spot lesion is what shape?conical, with its apex towards the dentinin cross section, the white spot lesion is what shape?
  71. 71during early stages of development, will white spot lesions be visible on bitewings?may not beduring early stages of development, will white spot lesions be visible on bitewings?
  72. 72the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the p zone?outer zone; plaquethe early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the p zone?
  73. 73the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the s zone?surface zone;
    enamel surface and pellicle    the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the s zone?
  74. 74the enamel surface and pellicle in the s zone act as what?a diffusion gradient allowing mineral to pass in and out of enamel (5-10% mineral loss)the enamel surface and pellicle in the s zone act as what?
  75. 75the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the e zone?intact surface layerthe early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the e zone?
  76. 76the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the b zone?body of lesion; *principle area of demineralization* (60% mineral loss)the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the b zone?
  77. 77the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the d zone?dark zonethe early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the d zone?
  78. 78the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the t zone?translucent zone; advancing front of the lesion (5-10% mineral loss)the early enamel lesion (white spot lesion) has 6 histologic zones. what is the t zone?
  79. 79without steps to arrest or reverse the process, what will the translucent zone do?the lesion will continue into the dentinwithout steps to arrest or reverse the process, what will the translucent zone do?
  80. 80as the lesion approaches the DEJ, it starts to spread where? what else happens?laterally
    the intact surface layer breaks down, leaving a clinically detectable cavitated lesion    as the lesion approaches the DEJ, it starts to spread where? what else happens?
  81. 81what is the critical regulating factor in the caries process?salivawhat is the critical regulating factor in the caries process?
  82. 82saliva is supersaturated with _________ and ________, which aids in remineralization.calcium
    phosphorus    saliva is supersaturated with _________ and ________, which aids in remineralization.
  83. 83what buffer does saliva contain to mitigate the effects of acid production by bacteria?bicarbonatewhat buffer does saliva contain to mitigate the effects of acid production by bacteria?
  84. 84what other compounds does saliva contain?proteins, immunologic components, antibacterial compoundswhat other compounds does saliva contain?
  85. 85what are some immunological compounds in saliva?lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase, agglutinins, secretory IgA, serum derived IgG and IgMwhat are some immunological compounds in saliva?
  86. 86saliva contains low levels of fluoride that concentrates where?in the dental plaquesaliva contains low levels of fluoride that concentrates where?
  87. 87what is the resting pH of saliva?7.0 (5.0-8.0)what is the resting pH of saliva?
  88. 88demineralization-remineralization is a dynamic process that involves both the loss of enamel mineral content and its replacement. what is the diffusion matrix of this process?surface enameldemineralization-remineralization is a dynamic process that involves both the loss of enamel mineral content and its replacement. what is...
  89. 89the demineralization-remineralization process is disturbed by what?environmental factors in the oral cavity like plaque, fluid pH, saliva, presence/ absence of fluoridethe demineralization-remineralization process is disturbed by what?
  90. 90what are some caries diagnostic methods?-visual/ tactile examinations
    -visual examination
    -radiographic examination
    -fiberoptic transillumination (FOYI)
    -electrical resistance measurement (ERM)    what are some caries diagnostic methods?
  91. 91what type of radiograph is used to detect interproximal caries?bitewingswhat type of radiograph is used to detect interproximal caries?
  92. 92errors in diagnosing the presence of absence of proximal caries on bitewing radiographs is usually influenced by what?-technical quality of radiographs
    -teeth maybe overlapped
    -all necessary surfaces may not have been included
    -contrast of film may be poor    errors in diagnosing the presence of absence of proximal caries on bitewing radiographs is usually influenced by what?
  93. 93a study found that _____ % or less of interproximal caries were detected by clinical observations alone.50a study found that _____ % or less of interproximal caries were detected by clinical observations alone.
  94. 94in the same study that found that 50% or less of interproximal caries were detected by clinical exam alone, what % of interproximal caries were detected when bitewing radiographs were used?100%in the same study that found that 50% or less of interproximal caries were detected by clinical exam alone, what % of interproximal carie...
  95. 95proximal caries on the primary molar increases risk of caries where?on the mesial of permanent first molars by 15 foldproximal caries on the primary molar increases risk of caries where?
  96. 96which have a more rapid progression of caries - permanent or primary teeth? why?primary
    enamel and dentin are thinner    which have a more rapid progression of caries - permanent or primary teeth? why?
  97. 97in relation to tooth size, pulp is what in primary teeth?pulp is largein relation to tooth size, pulp is what in primary teeth?
  98. 98what is the typical caries sequence in primary teeth?mandibular molars > maxillary molars > maxillary anteriorwhat is the typical caries sequence in primary teeth?
  99. 99what makes clinical diagnoses on primary teeth difficult?flat contactswhat makes clinical diagnoses on primary teeth difficult?
  100. 100a matte appearance at the marginal ridges suggest the appearance of what?undermined demineralization which can be confirmed on a radiographa matte appearance at the marginal ridges suggest the appearance of what?

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Praxis Flashcards: Pediatrics Flashcards on Pediatrics IX (100 Flashcards), created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 24/08/2021.
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