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Flashcards

Pediatrics X (100 Flascards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Pediatrics Praxis Spanish 100 cards

Pediatrics X (100 Flascards)

Cards in this deck (100)

  1. 1what is the only way for the operator to know whether a lesion is actively progressing, arresting or regressing?serial bitewing radiographswhat is the only way for the operator to know whether a lesion is actively progressing, arresting or regressing?
  2. 2if a patient has a high caries risk, what is the radiographic recall schedule?every 6 monthsif a patient has a high caries risk, what is the radiographic recall schedule?
  3. 3if a patient has a moderate caries risk, what is the radiographic recall schedule?once a yearif a patient has a moderate caries risk, what is the radiographic recall schedule?
  4. 4if a patient has a low caries risk, what is the radiographic recall schedule?once every 2 yearsif a patient has a low caries risk, what is the radiographic recall schedule?
  5. 5when should caries risk be assessed?every recall examwhen should caries risk be assessed?
  6. 6smooth surface caries are found on which surfaces?interproximal, buccal, lingualsmooth surface caries are found on which surfaces?
  7. 7true/ false: use an explorer to detect smooth surface caries.false; use of an explorer is contraindicated in diagnosis of smooth surface cariestrue/ false: use an explorer to detect smooth surface caries.
  8. 8why has the use of an explorer been criticized as an aid for caries diagnosis (2 reasons)?1. it may transmit cariogenic bacteria from an infected tooth site to a non-infected site
    2. it may damage fragile demineralized areas and impede remineralization or cause surface cavitation of a previously intact carious surface    why has the use of an explorer been criticized as an aid for caries diagnosis (2 reasons)?
  9. 9how can you diagnose pit and fissures?-air dry the tooth
    -use good illumination
    -remove debris from pits and fissures
    -carefully probe the occlusal surface with a sharp explorer to see if it catches or resists removal after insertion into pit/ fissure with moderate-firm pressure    how can you diagnose pit and fissures?
  10. 10*what is the definition of early childhood caries*?presence of 1 or more decayed lesions (cavitated or non-cavitated), missing (due to caries) or filled tooth surface in any primary tooth in a *child 71 months of age or younger**what is the definition of early childhood caries*?
  11. 11*what is severe early childhood caries*?any sign of smooth surface caries in a child younger than 3 years;
    from age 3-5, 1 or more cavitated, missing or filled smooth surface in primary maxillary anterior teeth
    a decayed, missing or filled score of > or = 4 (age 3), > or = 5 (age 4), > or = 6 (age 5)    *what is severe early childhood caries*?
  12. 12which teeth are most affected by early childhood caries? why?maxillary incisors
    liquid pools around the maxillary incisors which causes rapidly progressive, severe destruction of tooth surface    which teeth are most affected by early childhood caries? why?
  13. 13the severity of early childhood caries is associated with what?poor feeding habitsthe severity of early childhood caries is associated with what?
  14. 14caries in infants and toddlers have greater possibility of what?subsequent caries in primary and permanent dentitioncaries in infants and toddlers have greater possibility of what?
  15. 15infants with early childhood caries grow at a _________ pace than caries free infants.slowerinfants with early childhood caries grow at a _________ pace than caries free infants.
  16. 16why might infants/ toddlers with ECC be severely underweight or suffer from malnutrition?because of associated pain and disinclination to eatwhy might infants/ toddlers with ECC be severely underweight or suffer from malnutrition?
  17. 17ECC is associated with what in permanent teeth?hypoplasia (malformation)ECC is associated with what in permanent teeth?
  18. 18CDC says that dental caries is what?most prevalent infectious disease in US childrenCDC says that dental caries is what?
  19. 19is dental caries preventable?100%is dental caries preventable?
  20. 20dental caries is ___x more common than asthma, ___x more common than hay fever and _____x times more common than chronic bronchitis.5
    7
    14    dental caries is ___x more common than asthma, ___x more common than hay fever and _____x times more common than chronic bronchitis.
  21. 21what % of children have tooth decay by kindergarten?>40%what % of children have tooth decay by kindergarten?
  22. 22what is the chronological order of eruption of primary mandibular/ maxillary teeth?central incisors > lateral incisors > canines > first molars > second molarswhat is the chronological order of eruption of primary mandibular/ maxillary teeth?
  23. 23primary mandibular centrals erupt when? maxillary?mandibular: 5-8 months
    maxillary: 6-10 months    primary mandibular centrals erupt when? maxillary?
  24. 24primary mandibular lateral incisors erupt when? maxillary?mandibular: 7-10 months
    maxillary: 8-12 months    primary mandibular lateral incisors erupt when? maxillary?
  25. 25primary mandibular canines erupt when? maxillary?mandibular: 11-18 months
    maxillary: 11-18 months    primary mandibular canines erupt when? maxillary?
  26. 26primary mandibular first molars erupt when? maxillary?mandibular: 16-20 months
    maxillary: 16-20 months    primary mandibular first molars erupt when? maxillary?
  27. 27primary mandibular second molars erupt when? maxillary?mandibular: 20-30 months
    maxillary: 20-30 months    primary mandibular second molars erupt when? maxillary?
  28. 28children without nursing caries are weaned by what age?12 monthschildren without nursing caries are weaned by what age?
  29. 29children with nursing caries do what?continue nursing from 18-54 monthschildren with nursing caries do what?
  30. 30children without nursing caries were found to nurse for how long per day? those with nursing caries?without: 2.2 hours per day
    with: 8.3 hours per day    children without nursing caries were found to nurse for how long per day? those with nursing caries?
  31. 31is human breast milk alone cariogenic?nois human breast milk alone cariogenic?
  32. 32what protective features does breast milk contain?calcium and phosphatewhat protective features does breast milk contain?
  33. 33the milk protein casein does what for enamel?decreases enamel solubility in acidthe milk protein casein does what for enamel?
  34. 34is infant formula cariogenic?yesis infant formula cariogenic?
  35. 35true/ false: you should avoid unrestricted nocturnal breast feeding.truetrue/ false: you should avoid unrestricted nocturnal breast feeding.
  36. 36children should be encouraged to drink from a cup by what age?first birthdaychildren should be encouraged to drink from a cup by what age?
  37. 37what is anticipatory guidance?a proactive, developmentally based counseling that focuses on the needs of the patient at a particular stage in life to provide a foundation for preventative oral health education and dental carewhat is anticipatory guidance?
  38. 38prevention of ECC Is part of __________ oral health care and ________ oral health care.perinatal
    infant    prevention of ECC Is part of __________ oral health care and ________ oral health care.
  39. 39what is the aim of perinatal oral health care?to suppress maternal reservoirs of strep mutans to prevent or delay strep mutans colonization of infantwhat is the aim of perinatal oral health care?
  40. 40perinatal is defined as the period whenaround the time of birth; beginning with the completion of the 20-28th week of gestation and ending 1-4 weeks after birthperinatal is defined as the period when
  41. 41-establishing a dental home -dietary counseling -reducing the frequency of simple carbohydrate intake -oral hygiene (brushing and flossing) -applying topical chlorhexidine and/ or fluoride -removing active caries -chewing xylitol-containing chewing gum -avoid indirectly passing saliva to child these are all parts of ________ oral health.perinatal-establishing a dental home -dietary counseling -reducing the frequency of simple carbohydrate intake -oral hygiene (brushing and flossin...
  42. 42brushing and flossing daily helps to reduce what?bacterial plaque (strep mutans) levelsbrushing and flossing daily helps to reduce what?
  43. 43pregnant women who experience frequent vomiting should wait how long before brushing to minimize dental erosion?an hourpregnant women who experience frequent vomiting should wait how long before brushing to minimize dental erosion?
  44. 44to help with fluoride, an alcohol-free, OTC mouth rinse containing ____% sodium fluoride should be used to reduce plaque levels/ help with enamel remineralization.0.05%to help with fluoride, an alcohol-free, OTC mouth rinse containing ____% sodium fluoride should be used to reduce plaque levels/ help wit...
  45. 45what is the best time to treat pregnant patients to remove active caries?second trimesterwhat is the best time to treat pregnant patients to remove active caries?
  46. 46educating mothers on what can help prevent early colonization of strep mutans in their infants?educate them on avoiding saliva-sharing behaviors (sharing utensils, cups, etc.)educating mothers on what can help prevent early colonization of strep mutans in their infants?
  47. 47mothers use of xylitol gum can do what?prevent dental caries in their children by prohibiting transmission of strep mutansmothers use of xylitol gum can do what?
  48. 48benefits of xylitol gum (3)?-reduces plaque formation and bacteria adherence (i.e. is antimicrobial)
    -inhibits enamel demineralization (reduces acid production)
    -has direct inhibitory effects on strep mutans    benefits of xylitol gum (3)?
  49. 49for xylitol gum to be useful, you need how much?4-10 grams per day divided into 3-7 consumption periodsfor xylitol gum to be useful, you need how much?
  50. 50use of xylitol gum by mothers 2-3 x per day starting 3 months after delivery and until child was 2 years old did what?reduced the strep mutans levels in children up to 6 years of ageuse of xylitol gum by mothers 2-3 x per day starting 3 months after delivery and until child was 2 years old did what?
  51. 511. oral health risk assessment 2. establishment of a dental home 3. teething 4. oral hygiene instruction 5. diet counseling 6. fluoride status 7. dental and oral development 8. non-nutritive sucking habits 9. injury prevention these are all parts of anticipatory guidance for _________ oral health care.infant1. oral health risk assessment 2. establishment of a dental home 3. teething 4. oral hygiene instruction 5. diet counseling 6. fluoride s...
  52. 52every infant should receive an oral health risk assessment from his/ her primary health care provider or qualified health care professional by what age?6 monthsevery infant should receive an oral health risk assessment from his/ her primary health care provider or qualified health care profession...
  53. 53children should establish a dental home by what age?no later than 12 monthschildren should establish a dental home by what age?
  54. 54primary care physician or health care providers should refer an infant for their first dental check up, based on caries risk assessment as early as _________ of age and no later than ________.6 months
    12 months    primary care physician or health care providers should refer an infant for their first dental check up, based on caries risk assessment a...
  55. 55-cold-like symptoms, drooling, diarrhea, low-grade fever -increased chewing, sucking behavior -disrupting of eating/ sleeping patterns -painful gingiva -irritability -loose stools these are all symptoms of what in an infant?teething-cold-like symptoms, drooling, diarrhea, low-grade fever -increased chewing, sucking behavior -disrupting of eating/ sleeping patterns -p...
  56. 56how can you give an infant symptomatic relief when they are teething?sucking on cold-teething rings or wash-clothshow can you give an infant symptomatic relief when they are teething?
  57. 57should topical anesthetics, including OTC teething gels, be used to relieve discomfort in teething infants?no; due to potential toxicity of these products in infantsshould topical anesthetics, including OTC teething gels, be used to relieve discomfort in teething infants?
  58. 58when should parents start cleansing the infant's teeth? why?as soon as they erupt (using soft toothbrush)
    to reduce strep mutans level    when should parents start cleansing the infant's teeth? why?
  59. 59infants should have their teeth cleaned when?after feedinginfants should have their teeth cleaned when?
  60. 60how often should infants have their teeth brushed?2x a day with fluoridated toothpastehow often should infants have their teeth brushed?
  61. 61how much toothpaste is recommended for children less than 3 years of age?a 'smear'how much toothpaste is recommended for children less than 3 years of age?
  62. 62how much toothpaste is recommended for children aged 3-6?'pea size'how much toothpaste is recommended for children aged 3-6?
  63. 63why should a 'smear' of toothpaste be used for children <3 years old and a 'pea size' used for children aged 3-6?to decrease risk of fluorosiswhy should a 'smear' of toothpaste be used for children &lt;3 years old and a 'pea size' used for children aged 3-6?
  64. 64when should flossing be initiated in infants?when there is contact between adjacent teethwhen should flossing be initiated in infants?
  65. 65after brushing their teeth, encourage infants to do what?spit out toothpasteafter brushing their teeth, encourage infants to do what?
  66. 66best way to brush young children's teeth?lay child on the floor or bed with their head on a pillow placed between your legsbest way to brush young children's teeth?
  67. 67high risk dietary modification should be established by what age?12 monthshigh risk dietary modification should be established by what age?
  68. 68american academy of pediatrics recommends that infants exclusively consume breast milk or infant formula until what age?4-6 monthsamerican academy of pediatrics recommends that infants exclusively consume breast milk or infant formula until what age?
  69. 69when are complimentary foods introduced to an infant?when they are developmentally ready, which is usually between 4-6 monthswhen are complimentary foods introduced to an infant?
  70. 70when are table foods generally introduced into an infant's diet?9-12 monthswhen are table foods generally introduced into an infant's diet?
  71. 71baby's should not get juice until what age?6 monthsbaby's should not get juice until what age?
  72. 72drinks between meals for children should be limited to what?water and plain milkdrinks between meals for children should be limited to what?
  73. 73children should be limited to how much juice? consumed when?no more than 4-6 oz per day
    only in cups during a meal    children should be limited to how much juice? consumed when?
  74. 74if the infant falls asleep while feeding, the teeth should be what?cleaned before placing the child in bedif the infant falls asleep while feeding, the teeth should be what?
  75. 75begin teaching your baby to drink from a cup at what age?6 months (trade bottle for cup by 1 year of age)begin teaching your baby to drink from a cup at what age?
  76. 76what are ways to get systemic fluoride?water fluoridation, fluoride supplement, dietary sourcewhat are ways to get systemic fluoride?
  77. 77how can a child get topical fluoride?brushing 2x a day with fluoridated toothpaste and professionally-applied fluoridehow can a child get topical fluoride?
  78. 78infant formula has _____ ppm of fluoride.0.3infant formula has _____ ppm of fluoride.
  79. 79fluoride supplements should be considered for which children?for children who are drinking fluoride-deficient (<0.6 ppm) waterfluoride supplements should be considered for which children?
  80. 80how can we prevent fluorosis?determine all the systemic fluoride intake before prescribing supplementshow can we prevent fluorosis?
  81. 81what are sources of dietary fluoride?drinking water from home/ day care/ school;
    beverages such as soda, juice, infant formula (0.1-0.3 ppm);
    prepared foods    what are sources of dietary fluoride?
  82. 82how much fluoride should a child get between birth-6 months?nonehow much fluoride should a child get between birth-6 months?
  83. 83children aged 6 months-3 years should have how much fluoride supplementation if what?0.25 mg supplementation if their fluoride intake is <0.3 ppmchildren aged 6 months-3 years should have how much fluoride supplementation if what?
  84. 84children aged 3-6 years should have how much fluoride supplementation if what?0.5 mg if intake is <0.3 ppm
    0.25 mg if intake is 0.3-0.6 ppm    children aged 3-6 years should have how much fluoride supplementation if what?
  85. 85children aged 6-16 years should have how much fluoride supplementation if what?1.00 mg if intake is <0.3 ppm
    0.5 mg if intake is 0.3-0.6 ppm    children aged 6-16 years should have how much fluoride supplementation if what?
  86. 86should anyone, aged birth-16 years old, have fluoride supplementation if their intake is >0.6 ppm?no; no supplementationshould anyone, aged birth-16 years old, have fluoride supplementation if their intake is &gt;0.6 ppm?
  87. 87what is the best topical fluoride for compliance?toothpastewhat is the best topical fluoride for compliance?
  88. 88what should be done to maximize the beneficial effect of fluoride in the toothpaste?rinsing after brushing should be kept to a minimumwhat should be done to maximize the beneficial effect of fluoride in the toothpaste?
  89. 89thumb sucking is normal for infants and many stop by what age?2thumb sucking is normal for infants and many stop by what age?
  90. 90should action against thumb-sucking be initiated during the first 2 years?noshould action against thumb-sucking be initiated during the first 2 years?
  91. 91prolonged thumb sucking can create what?crooked teeth or bite problemsprolonged thumb sucking can create what?
  92. 92early caries risk assessment in infants allows for what?identification of parent-infant groups who are at risk for ECC and would benefit from early preventative intervention
    i.e. with the ability to detect caries in its earliest stages (white spot lesions)    early caries risk assessment in infants allows for what?
  93. 93what are things that put a child in the high risk category for caries?-mother/ primary caregiver has active caries
    -child has >3 between meal sugar-containing snacks or drinks per day
    -child is put to bed with a bottle containing natural or added sugar
    -child has >1 decayed/ missing/ filled surfaces
    -child has active white spot lesion or enamel defects
    -child has elevated strep mutans levels    what are things that put a child in the high risk category for caries?
  94. 94what are things that put a child in the moderate risk category for caries?-child has special health care needs
    -child is a recent immigrant
    -child has plaque on teeth    what are things that put a child in the moderate risk category for caries?
  95. 95what are things that put a child in the low risk category for caries (protective)?-child receives optimally-fluoridated water or fluoride supplement
    -child has teeth brushed daily with fluoridated toothpaste
    -child receives topical fluoride from health professional
    -child has dental home/ regular dental care    what are things that put a child in the low risk category for caries (protective)?
  96. 96what are things that put a child in the low risk category for caries (protective)?-child receives optimally-fluoridated water or fluoride supplement
    -child has teeth brushed daily with fluoridated toothpaste
    -child receives topical fluoride from health professional
    -child has dental home/ regular dental care    what are things that put a child in the low risk category for caries (protective)?
  97. 97how many high/ moderate risk factors do you need to be in that particular category?1 in each category to fall under that categoryhow many high/ moderate risk factors do you need to be in that particular category?
  98. 98what is the recall schedule for low, moderate and high risk patients?low: every 6-12 months
    moderate: every 6 months
    high: every 3 months    what is the recall schedule for low, moderate and high risk patients?
  99. 99who needs professional fluoride topical treatment? how often?those at moderate + high risk;
    moderate risk: every 6 months
    high risk: every 3 months    who needs professional fluoride topical treatment? how often?
  100. 100for kids who are at moderate or high risk with a parent engaged, what should they consume?fluoride supplementsfor kids who are at moderate or high risk with a parent engaged, what should they consume?

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Praxis Flashcards: Pediatrics Flashcards on Pediatrics X (100 Flascards), created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 24/08/2021.
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