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Carmen Teruel Giménez Pediatric Surgery Titu 6 Spanish 130 cards

Most severe cleft

Cards in this deck (130)

  1. 1Most frequent congenital facial defectCleft lip and palate
  2. 2Most severe cleftComplete bilateral lip and palate cleftMost severe cleft
  3. 3Most minor cleft lip and palateUnilateral cleft lip
  4. 4Drugs that affect cleftsFolic acid antagonists
    Retinoic acid
    Phenytoin
  5. 5Pierre Robinson sequenceMandibular hypoplasia
    Posterior positioning tongue
    Cleft of soft palate    Pierre Robinson sequence
  6. 6Rule of the 10 (in cleft lip)10 weeks of age
    10 pounds of weight
    10gr Hb
  7. 7Millard's procedureLIP
    Interior rotation del medial lip
    Acercar el lateral lip al subcolumellar space
    Join in the medial lip segment    Millard's procedure
  8. 8Veau repairPALATE
    Separo inserciones de los M. Elevador y Tensor del Palatino
    Los uno en línea media del soft palate    Veau repair
  9. 9Diferencias entre thyroglossal duct cyst, dermoid cyst and lymph nodesThyroglossal duct cyst MOVES with swallowing and tongue protrusion
  10. 10Sistrunk procedure1. General anesthesia
    2. Endotracheal intubation
    3. Horizontal skin incission
    4. Remove cyst + central part hyoid bone    Sistrunk procedure
  11. 11Diferencias entre branchial cysts and sinus anomalies Y preauricular cystBranchial and sinus INFERIOR al ramus of the mandible
    Preauricular cyst ANTERIOR to the tragus
  12. 12TABLA Brachial cyst and sinusStructures
    Frequency
    Orifices
    1º, 2º, 3º, 4º arco
  13. 13Bronchopulmonary CystAnomalous lung supplied by anomalous systemic artery, with no conection to the tracheobronchial tree
  14. 14Differencies extralobar and intralobar sequestrations (BPS)Extralob: separated from the lung with its own vascular supply
    Intralob: incorporated into the lung    Differencies extralobar and intralobar sequestrations (BPS)
  15. 15Adquisición de enfermedades en BPSHematogenous seeding
  16. 16Most common extralobar sequestration15% below diaphragma
    +
    left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia
  17. 17Most common signs of CCAM Why?Acute respiratory distress
    Fluids retention, once absorbed a cyst will remain
  18. 18Tto en caso de hidrops fetalis en CCAMopen fetal surgical resection and thoracoamniotic shunting
  19. 19Tto symptomatyc CCAMremove involved lobule
  20. 20Origin of brochogenic cyst in early developementEsophageal portion of the gut
  21. 21Origin of brochogenic cyst in late developementVentral or tracheal portion of the gut
  22. 22Which one has anomalous vascular supply? a. BPS b. CCAM c. BC d. CLOA
  23. 23Which bronchopulmonary malformation has connection to the tracheobronchial tree? a. BPS b. CCAM c. BC d. CLOB y D
    (los congenitals)
  24. 24Anomalía lobular más comúnAbsence or incomplete fissure
  25. 25V o F? Most variabilities of the lung don’t have clinical significance.V
  26. 26Acute respiratory distress is most common in: MCQ a. CCAM b. Cleft palate c. CDHA
    C
  27. 27Most frequent hernia in CDHHernia de BochdalekMost frequent hernia in CDH
  28. 28Cnd hay hernia SAC?When pleuroperitoneal canal is CLOSED BEFORE the event
    (canal cerrado para que haya saco)
  29. 29Criterios para fetoscopic placed endotracheal occlusive ballonLHD < 1
    liver herniation    Criterios para fetoscopic placed endotracheal occlusive ballon
  30. 30Is CDH a surgical emergency?NO, it's a PHYSIOLOGIC emergency
  31. 31VACTERL association (esophageal atresia)Vertebral
    Anorectal
    Cardiac (most freq)
    Tracheo-Esophagic
    Renal
    Limb
  32. 32CHARGE association (esophageal atresia)Coloboma
    Heart disease
    Atresia choanae
    Retardation in developement
    Genital hypoplasia
    Ear deformities
  33. 33Signo fetal de atresia esofágicaPolihidramnios
  34. 34Signo postnatal de atresia esofágicaDrooling (babear)
    Choking (asfixiarse)
    Gagging (nauseas)
  35. 35Study to confirm esophagic atresia10G orogastric tube that cannot pass though the mouth
  36. 36In which of the congenital abd wall defects the liver can be eviscerated?Omphalocele
  37. 37Which cong abd wall have sac?Omphalocele
  38. 38Patología del omphalocele: a. there is a protrusion of the bowel b. failure of the lateral folds to fuse in the midline c. absence of abdominal wall d. intestines fail to return to the abdominal cavityD
  39. 391ºT patologia gastroschisis: failure of the ectoderm to form anterior abd wall V o F?F, mesoderm
  40. 402ºT patología gastroschisis: failure lateral folds to fuse in the midline V o F?V
  41. 413ºT of gastrochisis: Thrombosis in the surrounding abdominal wall V o F?V
  42. 42Capas del saco del omphalocele1. amnios
    2. Wharton's jelly
    3. peritoneum
  43. 43What changes can we see in the bowel when it contacts the amniotic fluid?Thicker walls and peel
  44. 44When do we consider operating an umbilical hernia?After 4 years without spontaneously solution
  45. 45Primary cause of duodenal atresia and stenosiserrors in recanalization of the intestine
  46. 46Boys have more chances of having: a. duodenal atresia b. malrotation c. necrotixing enterocolitis d. pyloric stenosis.a y d
  47. 47Which is the most common type of duodenal atresia? a. Blind ends b. Apposition of two ends c. Obstructing septum d. Duodenal stenosis e. Ends joined with a cordc
  48. 48Which type of duodenal atresia has mesenteric defects? Type 1. Obstructing septum Type 2. Fibrous cord Type 3. No connectiontype 3, V-shaped mesenteric deffect
  49. 49Signo patognomónico de la atresia duodenal en ECO?“Double bubble” signSigno patognomónico de la atresia duodenal en ECO?
  50. 50Cuando vamos a tener bilious emesis en la duodenal atresia?When atresia is present POST-ampullary.
  51. 51Aspiration of >15ml of nasogastric aspirate suggests obstruction, V o F?F, >20ml
  52. 52Which is the primary cause of jejunoileal atresia and stenosis?Ischemia (vascular accident)
  53. 53Which jejunoileal atresia has a conical appearance and “windsock” effect?T1
  54. 54Which type of jejunoileal atresia is joined by a fibrous band?T2Which type of jejunoileal atresia is joined by a fibrous band?
  55. 55Which is the jejunoileal with highest mortality?T3
  56. 56Which characteristics does jejunoileal Type 3B have?Proximal end: near Treitz ligament and No superior mesenteric artery
    Distal end: helical shape with one vessel from ileocolic or right colic artery
  57. 57Which is the most common error of malrotation?Incomplete rotation, stopped at 180º.
  58. 58What can we see in ultrasonography in malrotation?In malrotation SMV will be on the left of the SMA.
  59. 59Six key elements in operative correction of malrotation1. Entry into the abdominal cavity
    2. Counterclockwise detorsion
    3. Division Ladd cecal bands
    4. Broadening small intestine mesentery
    5. Appendectomy
    6. Placement small bowel in the right and colon in the left    Six key elements in operative correction of malrotation
  60. 603 essential components for NE (pathogenesis)Intestinal injury
    bacterial overgrowth
    abnormal flora
  61. 61Parameters which indicate pyloric stenosis in ultrasound.Muscle thicker >=4mm
    Pyloric channel >=16mm.
  62. 62Signo patognomónico de la estenosis pilórica."String sign”Signo patognomónico de la estenosis pilórica.
  63. 63Which is the standard treatment for pyloric stenosis?Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy
  64. 64Characteristics of cells in Hirschsprung's diseaseabsence of ganglion cells in the distal bowel
  65. 65About Enterocolitis in HD: a. fever, abdominal distention, diarrhea, forever in life b. fever, abdominal distention, constipation, life-threatening c. fever, abdominal distention, diarrhea, life-threatening d. fever, tensed abdominal, diarrhea, life-threatening blood feces, abdominal distention, diarrhea, life-threateningc
  66. 66What will we see in anorectal manometry in HD?NO relaxation of the internal anal sphincter when inflating the balloon.What will we see in anorectal manometry in HD?
  67. 67Which is the gold standard to diagnose HD? a. Plain abd film b. Barium enema c. Anorectal manometry d. Rectal biopsyd
  68. 68Correct it Soave procedure: submucosal endorectal dissection and positioning the pull through bowel outside of the aganglionic muscular cuff(within/inside the aganglionic)
  69. 69Correct it Swenson procedure: remove the entire aganglionic colon, with an end to end anastomosis to the anal sphincter(above the anal sphincter)
  70. 70Correct it: Duhamel procedure: bringing the normal colon down and joining the two walls to create a new lumen which is ganglionic anteriorly and aganglionic posteriorly(aganglionic anteriorly and innervated posteriorly)
  71. 71What will we find in a laboratory test for Appendicitis? a. Mild leukocytosis with neutropenia b. Mild leukocytosis with neutrophilia c. CRP > 3 = definitive diagnosisSOL: b,c
  72. 72What will give us an appendicitis diagnosis with ultrasound?appendix >=6mm
  73. 73In complicated appendicitis we must give ATB, which is the triple ATB therapy? a. Cefotaxime b. Ampicilin c. Gentamicin d. Clindamicin/metronidazole e. Piperacilin/tazobactanSOL: b,c,d
  74. 74Rango de edad con mas frecuencia de intussusception:3 months to 3 years
  75. 75Which of the following viruses is implicated in 50% of cases? a. Parvovirus b. Adenovirus c. Coronavirus d. Enterovirus e. RotavirusSOL: b,e
  76. 76Standard method of diagnosis in intussusception? Pathognomonic sign?Ultrasound / donut sign
  77. 77Which is the non-operative management for intussusception?Air or contrast enema
  78. 78Between which of the following diseases do we have to make a differential diagnosis in inguinal hernia? a. Hidrocele b. Inguinal lymphadenitis c. Inguinal wall break d. Torsion of the testisSOL: a, b, d
  79. 79V o F? Hydrocele, during the day it decreases and at night it growsF, at night it decreases because the hydrocele is drained as the child is supine
  80. 80Best method to diagnostic an undescented testis?Experienced surgeon and laparoscopy
  81. 81Are prepubertal and postpubertal testicular tumors treated the same way?NO
  82. 82Most postpubertal testicular tumors are benign or malignant?malignant
  83. 83Histología of the malignant testicular tumorsseminoma
    and
    mixed germ cells
  84. 84Diagnóstico del testicular tumor, qué noto a la palpación?Palpable mass, painless
  85. 85Which investigations do we have to make to diagnose Test Tum?- Palpate mass
    - color Doppler US
    - serum markers (alfa-fetoproteína y beta-HCG)
  86. 86Say which stage of Test Tum has this characteristics: a. Retroperitoneal lymph node involvement and malignant cells b. Limited to testis c. Metastasis d. Transscrotal, lymph node involvement and tumor markersa. 3
    b. 1
    c. 4
    d. 2
  87. 87In which of these tumors testis can we make a testis-sparing surgery? a. Teratomas after puberty b. Gonadal stromal tumors (just Leydig cells) at anytime c. Epidermoid cyst before pubertySOL. c
    a. before
    b. gonadal stromal tumors (Leydig and Sertoli cells)
  88. 88Cuál es el cuadro clínico de una torsión testicular?Sudden onset with unilateral pain
    +
    nausea and vomiting
  89. 89V o F? Cremasteric reflex is always absent in testicular torsion.F, often absent but a positive reflex does NOT discard the torsion.
  90. 90What do we do with the unaffected testis in testicular torsion?fix it with nonabsorbable sutures
  91. 91Which is the standard treatment for testicular appendage?Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  92. 92When is it necessary a surgical intervention in testicular appendage?When symptoms don’t cease
    When we cannot discard testicular torsion
  93. 93What is the Prehn sign?Elevation of the scrotum that causes relief
  94. 94Which are the agents who cause the majority of cases in epididymitis?Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  95. 95Signo reconocible a la exploración en un varicocelebag of worms (bolsa de gusanos)
  96. 96What can a varicocele cause?atrophy
    infertility
  97. 97In boys older than 4 years, symptomatic, how do we treat phymosis?1º betametasona cream
    if that doesn’t work
    2º circumcision or preputioplasty
  98. 98Which is the most common reason for circumcission? Hypospadias non-medical reasons urinary infection buried penisnon-medical reasons
  99. 99Which is the only indication for circumcision?Pathological phimosis
  100. 100Which of the following is an anomaly in hypospadias? abnormal aperture of the urethra ventral curvature of the penis hooded foreskinALL
  101. 101Which is the most common associated malformation in hypospadias?Cryptorchidism
    (= undescended testis)
  102. 102What can we find in the US in PUV? a. Distended bladder b. Stenotic urethra c. unilateral hydroureteronephrosis d. keyhole signSOL. a y d
  103. 103What is the preferred diagnostic method for PUV?Voiding cystourethrogram
    (VCUG)
  104. 104What is the VURD syndrome?Valve
    Unilateral
    Reflux
    Displasia
  105. 105What problems will cause an ectopic ureter in supernumerary kidneys?Incontinence in girls
    Infection
  106. 106How are vessels positioned in renal ectopia?WELL positioned
  107. 107Is a thoracic kidney associated with diaphragmatic hernias?No, it is usually subdiaphragmatic
  108. 108With ectopic kidneys we have higher risk of: a. Trauma bleeding b. UPJ obstruction c. VUR d. Stone formationSOL: b, c, d
  109. 109In horseshoe kidney how many ureters do we have?2, because each kidney preserves its ureter
  110. 110Renal cell carcinoma and Wilms tumor are associated with horseshoe kidney, V o F?V
  111. 111From which structures do renal cysts come from?nephrons
    collecting ducts
  112. 112According to Gardner, any duct that is dilated 3 times the normal diameter is a cyst, V o F?F, 4 times bigger
  113. 113Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is just found in adults, V o F?F, adults, children and in utero
  114. 114Which chromosome and which gene is affected in ADPKD?Chromosome 16, PKD1
  115. 115Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is related to congenital hepatic fibrosis in all patients, V o F?V
  116. 116Which gene is affected in ARPKD, PKD1 or PKHD1?PKHD1
  117. 117Which symptoms are suspicious of ARPKD in childhood?Hypertension
    hepatic fibrosis
  118. 118Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is compatible with life, V o F?F, incompatible
  119. 119MCDK has a recognizable shape of brunch of grapes?YES
  120. 120MCDK or hydronephrosis, which one has a central cyst?hydronephrosis
  121. 121El MCDK can lead to Wilms tumor, V o F?F, it’s unclear
  122. 122MCDK or horseshoe kidney, which one is related to Wilms tumor?Horseshoe kidney
  123. 123V o F? In UPJ obstruction: Intrinsic obstruction is due to aberrant renal vessels, bands, adventitial tissu and adhesions.F; definition of extrinsic
  124. 124V o F? In UPJ obstruction: Extrinsic obstruction is secondary tu VUCF, definition of secondary
  125. 125V o F? In UPJ obstruction: Secondary UPJ is due to failure in peristaltic waves causing incompletely emptyingF, def de intrinsic
  126. 126Cuáles de las siguientes son indicaciones de Pyeloplasty? a. Symptomatic obstruction b. Asymptomatic obstruction with good function c. Successful conservative management d. Persisting asymptomatic obstruction without evidence of resolutiona y d
    b. cnd bad function
    c. cnd failure
  127. 127Which is the gold standard for VUR diagnosis?MCU because it allows accurate grading and severity.
  128. 128To distinguished between obstructed and refluxing megaureter we need: US alone MCUG alone US + MCUGUS + MCUG
  129. 129Qué dice la regla de Weigert-Meyer?Lower pole ureter will go into the bladder LATERAL and CEPHALAD to the upper ureter
  130. 130Qué hay que hacer con los pacientes diagnosticados de ureterocele antes de nacer?profilaxis ATB postnatally

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6 Pediatric Surgery Titu Flashcards on todos los temas, created by Carmen Teruel Giménez on 25/01/2024.
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