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| Question | Answer |
| COMPARE ELECTRON AND LIGHT MICROSCOPE. | Light microscopes can see living cells, so things like the chloroplast and mitochondria. Electron telescope allows us to see smaller things in great detail due to their high resolution due to their high resolution the sample has to be dead. electron telescopes allow us to see tinier things like plasmids. |
| STATE THE CELLS THAT PLANT CELLS HAVE THAT PLANT CELLS DO NOT HAVE. | Plant cells have chloroplast, vacuole, and a cell wall that animal cells do not have. however what both plant and animal cell have are the cell membranes, cytoplasm. nucleus and the mitochondria. |
| IN DNA WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASES AND IDENTIFY HOW THEY ARE PAIRED AND WHAT HOLDS THEM TOGETHER? | In DNA their are four bases which is thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine. They are paired by commentary bonds and they are joined by three week hydrogen bonds. DNA is in a shape of a double helix. |
| EXPLAIN WHY WATSON AND CRICKS SHOULDN'T HAVE RECEIVED A NOBEL PRIZE FOR DISCOVERING DNA. | Watson and Cricks should not have received a prize because Franklin and Wilkins worked out that DNA had a helical structure by directing beams of x-rays on the crystallised DNA. whereas Watson and cricks stole their idea and made a model out of it. |
| EXPLAIN THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT. | The human genome project is when all scientists around the world collaborated on this big idea to find every single human gene. |
| STATE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT. | It could get us all individually tailored advice on the best diet for our lifestyle to avoid our likely diseases. can get cures for sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis. however it can increase stress for the people who know they have the disease, resulting in headaches even if they don't get the disease. |
| EXPLAIN WHY VEGANS WHO NEED INSULIN ARE ABLE TO RECIEVE INSULIN IF IT GENETICALLY ENGINEERED. | Vegans are able to receive insulin because now we can get the human insulin that we need and insert it in bacteria through genetic modification. therefore the bacteria can produce vast quantities of insulin making it suitable for vegans |
| WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE AGAINST GENETIC ENGINEERING? | 1. they don't believe that the beta carotene is making any difference to their children's health. 2. also they think that the golden rice can crossbreed with wild rice and they also believe they will get allergies from it even though there is no proof for such. |
| EXPLAIN WHAT MITOSIS IS USED FOR. | Mitosis is used to repair cells, for example when we cut ourselves mitosis occurs because it needs to repair the cells. Mitosis is also used in our bodies for growth. In mitosis there are only diploid cells that make genetically identical daughter cells after cell division in fertilisation. |
| EXPLAIN WHAT MEIOSIS IS USED FOR AND WHERE IS IT FOUND? | Meiosis is found in the gametes, meiosis is responsible for variation. However unlike mitosis, meiosis makes 4 haploid genetically different daughter cells in cell division. without meiosis everyone will look the same. Therefore it is responsible for variation |
| EXPLAIN THE BENEFITS AND THE PROBLEMS WITH CLONING MAMMALS. | 1. The benefit with cloning mammals is that we are saving the endangered species, could help with the shortage of transplants. 2. However cloning can make the mammal die at an early age, genetic defects and could suffer from diseases like arthritis and lung disease. |
| DESCRIBE HOW DOLLY THE SHEEP WAS CLONED. | Dolly the sheep's mother had her nucleus which is the diploid as it had the full chromosomes, and then they took a black faced sheep's egg cell but removed the nucleus, it becomes enucleated. the egg cell is then stimulated by an electric shock making it divide by mitosis, then implanted into a female adult. |
| COMPARE THE EMRYONIC AND ADULT STEM CELLS. | Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated. they can divide to produce either more stem cells or different types of specialised cell such as blood cell. this process is called differentiated. |
| EXPLAIN WHY AN ADULT STEM CELL OF THE HEART CAN'T GO INTO THE BRAIN. | It can't because adult stem cells are not like embryonic stem cells where it is pluripotent, it can't form into any type of cell. therefore an adult stem cell of the heart can not go into the brain because that cell for the heart can only be implanted in the heart. |
| WHY DO PEOPLE DISAGREE WITH EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH EVEN THOUGH IT COULD BE FOR A GOOD CAUSE? | People are against it because they believe that life starts at conception. so it would be seen as murder if they did research on embryonic research. |
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